By including both players' money into the state of the game, you can analize it using some tools in combinatorial game theory, specifically partizan game tools: even if the original game would naturally be a symmetric game, including both players' money inevitably breaks its symmetry except for a handful of positions, so I would suggest symmetric games aren't the ones you are looking for (so Nim and the theory of nimbers would be of little use).
For a practical example (but maybe too elementary to be useful), you can have a look at this gamethis game and its analysisits analysis, I think it fits into the kind of games you could be interested into.