In their book Octonions, Jordan Algebras and Exceptional groups Springer and Veldkamp have a subsection called 'Classification over special fields' in which they describe the number of division and split quaternion and octonion algebras (and how to find them) over the following fields (as quoted from the book):
Algebraically closed fields, the reals, finite fields, complete, discretely valuated fields with finite residue fields and for algebraic number fields.
For finite fields, all quaternion and octonion algebras are split (by Wedderburn's Little Theorem). For complete, discretely valuated fields with finite residue fields, there is exactly one isomorphism class of quaternion division algebra (in addition to the split quaternion algebra that always exists) but all octonion algebras are split again.
But there is a class of fields `in between' these two classes that is not on the list: NOT-complete, discretely valuated fields with finite residue fields, or more concretely the fields $\mathbb{F}_p(t)$ for $p > 2$.
Does anyone know if division octonion algebras over these fields exist?