I am reading a book "Fourier Series and Integrals" by Dym & McKean.
There is an exercise (Page 106):
Exercise: Check that if $f$ is a real, even, summable function and if $f(0+)$ and $f(0-)$ exist, then either $f(0-) =f(0+)$ or $\hat f(\gamma)$ changes sign infinitely often as $|\gamma| \to \infty$.
Note that $\hat f(\gamma)$ is a real function, so its "sign" makes sense!
There is a hint for the exercis as follow:
Hint: The function $f$ is summable if it is of one sign far out, as you can see from $$\frac{f(0-) +f(0 + )}{2} = \lim_{t \to 0} \, (P_t * f) (0) = \lim_{t \to 0} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \exp(-2 \pi^2 \gamma^2 t) \hat f(\gamma) \, \mathrm{d}\gamma.$$ Here $P_t=P_t(x)=\dfrac{\exp(-\dfrac{x^2}{2})}{\sqrt{2\pi t}}$ is the Gauss Kernel and $P_t * f$ means the convolution of $f$ with Gauss Kernel.
My try:
If f is of one sign far out, then by using $$\frac{f(0-) +f(0 + )}{2} = \lim_{t \to 0} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} \exp(-2 \pi^2 \gamma^2 t) \hat f(\gamma) \, \mathrm{d}\gamma,$$ and Monotone convergence Theorem we deuce that $\hat f \in L^1(\mathbb{R})$ so $$f(-x)=\hat {\hat f}, $$ is continuous and consequently $f(x)$ will be continuous at $x=0$ and therefore $f(0-) =f(0+)$.
I don't know how to handle the other half.
Thanks.