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I'm still busy learning the theory of linear systems for compact Riemann surfaces. If the answer to the following question is negative, then there might not be any point in continuing.

Let $X$ be a compact connected Riemann surface and let $\omega$ be an $n$-form on $X$. That is, $\omega$ is a global section of the canonical sheaf $\omega_X^{\otimes n}$.

Now, let $D$ be the divisor of $\omega$ on $X$.

Can we construct a morphism $X\to \mathbf{P}^1$ such that the support of the ramification locus equals the support of $D$ for some choice of $n$? If yes, the degree of such a morphism equals the degree of $\omega_X^{\otimes n}$, right?

Slightly weaker: can we construct a morphism $X\to \mathbf{P}^1$ such that the support of the ramification locus is contained in the support of $D$?

As Francesco points out, this is not possible if $g=2$ and $n=1n=1$

Probably, if $g$ is small compared to $n$, the answer will be negative.

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