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The commenters got it right. The automorphism group of a binary code is the set of permutations of coordinates that stabilizes the code. If instead of using the binary alphabet we use a ternary, quaternary,... alphabet, then there is some variation in that some sources allows signed permutations of coordinates. After all, these are also automorphisms that preserve the Hamming distance (or Lee distance) between a pair of inputs. Whichever way gives you a more interesting group is the way to go!

In addition to the celebrated Golay codes (binary and ternary) some other families of codes have a useful group of automorphisms. I will list the Reed-Muller codes. These codes have length $n=2^m$, and the code $RM(r,m)$ has dimension $$k=\sum_{i=0}^r{m\choose i}.$$ Their coordinate positions can naturally be put into a bijective correspondence with the vectors $v$ of the $m$-dimensional space $F_2^m$ over the field of two elements in such a way that all the the affine linear transformations $f_{A,u}:v\mapsto Av+u$ for all $A\in GL_m(F_2), u,v\in F_2^m$ become automorphisms of the codes. The Hamming codes belong to the hierarchy of Reed-Muller codes --- the extended Hamming code of length $2^m$ is the code $R(m-2,m)$. It is known (see MacWilliams & Sloane) that this is the full automorphism group of the code $RM(r,m)$, when $r\lt m-1$. The codes $RM(m,m)$ (resp. $RM(m-1,m)$) consists of all the binary words of length $2^m$ (resp. of all the binary words of an even weight), and both these codes are stable under all the permutations of the $2^m$ bit positions.

Also the extended BCH-codes have a useful group of automorphisms. In this case the bit positions can be put into a bijective correspondence between the elements $x$ of the finite field $F=GF(2^m)$. The codes can be defined by means of power sum equations, and it is easy to see that the affine linear mappings $x\mapsto ax+b, a\in F^*, b\in F$ are all automorphisms. Together with Frobenius automorphisms, $x\mapsto x^{2^i}$, those will form the entire group of automorphisms in many a case, but unfortunately I'm not up to speed about exactly when that happens. This is a much smaller group of automorphisms in comparison to that of the Reed-Muller codes. Yet, it is doubly transitive, and many an algebraic proof has been simplified by this fact.

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The commenters got it right. The automorphism group of a binary code is the set of permutations of coordinates that stabilizes the code. If instead of using the binary alphabet we use a ternary, quaternary,... alphabet, then there is some variation in that some sources allows signed permutations of coordinates. After all, these are also automorphisms that preserve the Hamming distance (or Lee distance) between a pair of inputs. Whichever way gives you a more interesting group is the way to go!

In addition to the celebrated Golay codes (binary and ternary) some other families of codes have a useful group of automorphisms. I will list the Reed-Muller codes. These codes have length $n=2^m$, and the code $RM(r,m)$ has dimension $$k=\sum_{i=0}^r{m\choose i}.$$ Their coordinate positions can naturally be put into a bijective correspondence with the vectors of the $m$-dimensional space $F_2^m$ over the field of two elements in such a way that all the the affine linear transformations $f_{A,u}:v\mapsto Av+u$ for all $A\in GL_m(F_2), u,v\in F_2^m$ become automorphisms of the codes. The Hamming codes belong to the hierarchy of Reed-Muller codes --- the extended Hamming code of length $2^m$ is the code $R(m-2,m)$. It is known (see MacWilliams & Sloane) that this is the full automorphism group of the code $RM(r,m)$, when $r\lt m-1$. The codes $RM(m,m)$ (resp. $RM(m-1,m)$) consists of all the binary words of length $2^m$ (resp. of all the binary words of an even weight), and both these codes are stable under all the permutations of the $2^m$ bit positions.

Also the extended BCH-codes that have a useful group of automorphisms. In this case the bit positions can be put into a bijective correspondence between the elements $x$ of the finite field $F=GF(2^m)$. The codes can be defined by means of power sum identities in equations, and it is easy to see that the field $F=GF(2^m)$ have a useful group of affine linear mappings $x\mapsto ax+b, a\in F^*, b\in F$ as are all automorphisms. Together with Frobenius automorphisms, $x\mapsto x^{2^i}$, those will form the entire group of automorphisms in many a case, but unfortunately I'm not up to speed about exactly when that happens. This is a much smaller group of automorphisms in comparison to that of the Reed-Muller codes. Yet, this it is doubly transitive, and many an algebraic proof has been simplified by this fact.

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The commenters got it right. The automorphism group of a binary code is the set of permutations of coordinates that stabilizes the code. If instead of using the binary alphabet we use a ternary, quaternary,... alphabet, then there is some variation in that some sources allows signed permutations of coordinates. After all, these are also automorphisms that preserve the Hamming distance (or Lee distance) between a pair of inputs. Whichever way gives you a more interesting group is the way to go!

In addition to the celebrated Golay codes (binary and ternary) some other families of codes have a useful group of automorphisms. I will list the Reed-Muller codes. These codes have length $n=2^m$, and the code $RM(r,m)$ has dimension $$k=\sum_{i=0}^r{m\choose i}.$$ Their coordinate positions can naturally be put into a bijective correspondence with the vectors of the $m$-dimensional space $F_2^m$ over the field of two elements in such a way that all the the invertible affine linear transformations $f_{A,u}:v\mapsto Av+u$ for all $A\in GL_m(F_2), u,v\in F_2^m$ become automorphisms of the codes. The Haming Hamming codes belong to the hierarchy of Reed-Muller codes --- the extended Hamming code of length $2^m$ is the code $R(m-2,m)$. It is known (see MacWilliams & Sloane) that this is the full automorphism group of the code $RM(r,m)$, when $r\lt m-1$. The codes $RM(m,m)$ (resp. $RM(m-1,m)$) consists of all the binary words of length $2^m$ (resp. of all the binary words of an even weight), and both these codes are stable under all the permutations of the $2^m$ bit positions.

Also the extended BCH-codes that can be defined by means of power sum identities in the field $F=GF(2^m)$ have a useful group of affine linear mappings $x\mapsto ax+b, a\in F^*, b\in F$ as automorphisms. Together with Frobenius automorphisms those will form the entire group of automorphisms in many a case, but unfortunately I'm not up to speed about exactly when that happens. This is a much smaller group of automorphisms in comparison to that of the Reed-Muller codes. Yet, this is doubly transitive, and many an algebraic proof has been simplified by this fact.

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