Brauer's proof that the number of similarity classes of irreducible representations of $G$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ is equal to the number of $p$-regular conjugacy classes of $G$ is ring-theoretic in flavor, and rather tricky. There is also an easy character theoretic proof based on the following ideas. First, the set IBr$(G)$ of irreducible Brauer characters is in bijective correspondence with the irreducible representations, and this set of functions lives in the space $V$ of all complex-valued class functions defined on the set of p-regular elements. Since $\dim(V)$ equals the number of $p$-regular classes, it suffices to show that IBr($G$) is a basis for $V$. The linear independence of IBr$(G)$ is a standard result. To see that IBr$(G)$ spans, use the facts that Irr$(G)$ spans the space of all class functions and that on each $p$-regular class, the value of an ordinary character is a linear combination (and in fact, a sum) of values of Brauer characters.
Brauer's proof that the number of similarity classes of irreducible representations of $G$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ is equal to the number of $p$-regular conjugacy classes of $G$ is ring-theoretic in flavor, and rather tricky. There is also an easy character theoretic proof based on the following ideas. First, the set IBr$(G)$ of irreducible Brauer characters is in bijective correspondence the irreducible representations, and this set of functions lives in the space $V$ of all complex-valued class functions defined on the set of p-regular elements. Since $\dim(V)$ equals the number of $p$-regular classes, it suffices to show that IBr($G$) is a basis for $V$. The linear independence of IBr$(G)$ is a standard result. To see that IBr$(G)$ spans, use the facts that Irr$(G)$ spans the space of all class functions and that on each $p$-regular class, the value of an ordinary character is a linear combination (and in fact, a sum) of values of Brauer characters.