By numerical calculation using the Mathematica code below the counting can be extended to n=16 in short time. The results roughly confirm the asymptotics claimed in the previous answers. This is the counting result as a list {n, Count(n)}:
{{1, 1}, {2, 1}, {3, 2}, {4, 4}, {5, 10}, {6, 21}, {7, 49}, {8, 104}, {9, 227}, {10, 468}, {11, 976}, {12, 1978}, {13, 4030}, {14, 8095}, {15, 16313}, {16, 32656}}
In comparison the approximative formula
Round[2^(n - 1) + 2^(Ceiling[n/2]) - n^3/24]
yields
{{1, 3}, {2, 4}, {3, 7}, {4, 9}, {5, 19}, {6, 31}, {7, 66}, {8, 123}, {9, 258}, {10, 502}, {11, 1033}, {12, 2040}, {13, 4132}, {14, 8206}, {15, 16499}, {16, 32853}, {17, 65843}}
and the count not including symmetric shapes
Round[2^(n - 1) - (n^3 - n^2 + 10 n + 4)/16]
results in
{{1, 0}, {2, 0}, {3, 1}, {4, 2}, {5, 6}, {6, 17}, {7, 41}, {8, 95}, {9, 210}, {10, 449}, {11, 941}, {12, 1941}, {13, 3961}, {14, 8024}, {15, 16178}, {16, 32518}, {17, 65236}}
Here the Mathematica code for n=10 (just replace PN for other values of n). The list poly contains all different poyominoes of size PN. Each can be visualized by e.g. Outline[poly[[3]]] (for the third) Poyomino shapes are encoded by the bit representation of integers.
PN = 10;
ToBit[x_] := IntegerDigits[x, 2];
BitCount[x_] := DigitCount[x, 2, 1];
CompatibleQ[bc1_, bc2_] := BitCount[BitAnd[bc1, bc2]] == 1;
FarCompatibleQ[bc1_, bc2_] := BitCount[BitAnd[bc1, bc2]] < 2;
ms = Sort[Flatten[Table[2^k (2^n - 1), {n, 1, PN - 1}, {k, 0, PN}]]];
Clear[CompList];
CompList[n_] := ComList[n] = Select[ms, CompatibleQ[n, #] &];
Clear[FarCompList];
FarCompList[n_] := FarComList[n] = Select[ms, FarCompatibleQ[n, #] &];
Cont[shape_] :=
If[Length[shape] == 1, CompList[shape[[1]]],
Intersection @@
Append[FarCompList /@ Drop[shape, -1], CompList[shape[[-1]]]]];
PReduce[shape_] := shape/(2^Min[IntegerExponent[#, 2] & /@ shape]);
BitArray[shape_] := Module[{pp = PReduce[shape], len },
len = Length[ToBit[Max[pp]]];
IntegerDigits[#, 2, len] & /@ pp];
Unify[shape_] := Module[{p = PReduce[shape], ba, rb, tb, rtb},
ba = BitArray[p];
Sort[PReduce /@
Map[FromDigits[#, 2] &, {ba, rb = Reverse[ba],
tb = Transpose[ba], rtb = Reverse[tb], Reverse /@ ba,
Transpose[rb], Reverse /@ rb, Reverse /@ rtb}, {2}]][[1]]];
Outline[shape_] := With[{ll = Length[ToBit[Max[shape]]]},
ArrayPlot[IntegerDigits[#, 2, ll] & /@ shape, Frame -> False]];
PLen[shape_] := Plus @@ (BitCount /@ shape);
PExpand[shape_, nn_] := Module[{ls = PLen[shape], cont},
Which[ls > nn, {}, ls == nn, {shape}, True,
cont = Select[Cont[shape], (BitCount[#] <= nn - ls) &];
Append[shape, #] & /@ cont]];
poly = {{2^(PN - 1)}};
Do[poly = Flatten[PExpand[#, PN] & /@ poly, 1];
Print[{k, Length[poly]}], {k, 1, PN - 1}];
polyonimoes[PN] = poly = Union[Unify /@ poly]; NP = Length[poly]
