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The answer is "no": that the inner automorphisms are indeed characterized by the property of the existence of extensions to larger groups containing the original group. I learned as much from this blog entry (in Russian). The reference is Schupp, Paul E., "A characterization of inner automorphisms.", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 101 (1987), no. 2, 226--228.

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The answer is "no": the inner automorphisms are characterized by the property of the existence of extensions to larger groups containing the original group. I learned as much from this blog entry (in Russian). The reference is Schupp, Paul E., "A characterization of inner automorphisms.", Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 101 (1987), no. 2, 226--228.