Concerning your first question I have a couple of suggestions: first coisotropic is in some sense the best we can have in a truely Poisson situation: there is nothing like lagrangian (unfortunately).
As you already said, lagrangian sometimes is associated to pure states in the quantum regime, here the main argument is coming from the WKB approximation in physics, which has some very interesting mathematical formulations: in the booklet of Bates&Weinstein (you probably know) you can find a lot of these ideas.
However, I would like to draw your attention to some other point: Having a coisotropic $I$ in somse some Poisson algebra $A$ (so we left geometry, purely algebraic setting) then the thing you can do classically is reduction: You take the idealizer $B \subseteq A$ of $I$ with respect to the Poisson bracket and this turns out to be the largest Poisson subalgebra of $A$ having $I$ as POisson Poisson ideal. So the quotient $B/I$ is again a Poisson algebra. In your favorite geometric setting with ncie nice assumption this correspondings corresponds precisely to the Poisson algebra of functions of the (Marsden-Weinstein) quotient: But we see something more:
$A/I$ is a $A$-left module (sure) and it becomes also a $B/I$ right module (just check that things are well-defined) well-defined). In fact, a little exercise shows that if $A$ has a unit (let's assume that) then $B/I = End_A(A/I)^{op}$. So we are in some sense even very close to a Morita context (it is not, though...)
Usually I don't like to do that: but to make a little advertisement for some own work, I have a quite detailed paper with Simone Gutt on the above reduction proceedure where we investigate the relations of the representation theories of the big algebra $A$ and the reduced algebra $B/I$ :)
Now the remarkable thing is that this (still classical) bimodule structure might have good chances to survive quantization. In fact (and here one should quote Martin Bordemann' Bordemann's long french preprint as well as the works of Cattaneo&Felder) under certain geometric conditions deformation quantization gives indeed such a quantization.
So the noncommutative version is a left ideal $I$ and then the above quotient proceedure just works the same on the algebraic level. Of course, in DQ the trickey question is whether $B/I$ is still something like the quantized functions on the classical Marsden-Weinstein quotient and even more trickey: whether the classical coisotropic ideal can be quantized into a left ideal at all. For this there are obstructions, even local ones, in the Poisson setting, while it works locally in the symplectic setting by taking an adapted Darboux chart. Globally, it is also trickey in the symplectic setting: Martin Bordemann discusses this in detail...
OK: the conclusion is something like coisotropic ideals are used for reduction and their quantization will be left ideals used in the same way. Both lead to the above bimodule structures on $A/I$ which is geometrically the coisotropic submanifold itself.
As a small warning: it is not true in deformation quantization that all modules (of interest) arise this way. There are other modules which have their support say on points: one can use $\delta$-functionals as positive functional (after some correction terms) and get a GNS like construction also in formal deformation quantization. Then in this case, the module has sort of support on that point...
Ah, the second question: never thought about that in detail, but perhaps the above picture gives some ideas on "reverse engineering"..?
