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Are there any nontrivial spaces $Y$ so that for all weak homotopy equivalences $A\to B$, the induced map $[B, Y]\to [A,Y]$ is bijective?

This would be a property of the homotopy type of $Y$, and if $Y$ is homotopy equivalent to a space with has some kind of local structure under which very close maps (probably of compact spaces like $S^k$) are necessarily homotopic, then it probably won't have this property.

My idea is to use the following construction: let $L L^+ = \{ 0\} \cup \{ {1\over n} \mid n \geq 1\}$ , and consider maps let $L = \{ 0\} \cup L^+$. Then this hypothetical local property of $Y$ would ensure that the restriction $L \times X \to Y$ L^+\times X$ would induce an injection on homotopy sets. But $L\times X$ is weakly equivalent to $\coprod_{0}^\infty X$, and in the latter space we can have maps which are $f$ on $X\times {1\over n}$ for $n > 0$ and $g$ on $X\times 0$, where $f\not \simeq g$. Taking $X = S^k$ seems promising, since it is compact.

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Spaces that invert weak homotopy equivalences.

Are there any nontrivial spaces $Y$ so that for all weak homotopy equivalences $A\to B$, the induced map $[B, Y]\to [A,Y]$ is bijective?

This would be a property of the homotopy type of $Y$, and if $Y$ is homotopy equivalent to a space with has some kind of local structure under which very close maps are necessarily homotopic, then it probably won't have this property.

My idea is to use the following construction: let $L = \{ 0\} \cup \{ {1\over n} \mid n \geq 1\}$, and consider maps $L \times X \to Y$ which are $f$ on $X\times {1\over n}$ and $g$ on $X\times 0$, where $f\not \simeq g$. Taking $X = S^k$ seems promising, since it is compact.