|
8
|
|
edited Oct 23 2010 at 8:35
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can use the following argument.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by rank $M \leq k$, where $M$ is the matrix
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix}
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t :=\pi^{-1}(t) \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that
$F_n$ is diffeomorphic to $F_{n-2k}$.
Geometrically speaking, we are considering all the rank $2$ vector bundles $V$ which fit into the short exact sequence
$0 \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \to V_n \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(n) \to 0$.
They are classified by $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-n)) \cong \mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, and we consider the family of ruled surfaces $\mathbb{P}(V_n)$, thus obtained, as a deformation of $\mathbb{F}_n = \mathbb{P}(\mathcal{O} \oplus \mathcal{O}(n)$.mathcal{O}(n))$.
This argument shows that even Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$, whereas odd Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^2 \sharp \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$.
The uniqueness of the symplectic structrure in each case is a more difficult story, and was proven by Lalonde and McDuff [J-curves and the classification of rational and
ruled symplectic 4-manifolds, Contact and Symplectic Geometry (Cambridge,
1994)].
|
|
|
|
7
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 9:46
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can use the following argument.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by rank $M \leq k$, where $M$ is the matrix
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix}
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t :=\pi^{-1}(t) \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that
$F_n$ is diffeomorphic to $F_{n-2k}$.
Geometrically speaking, we are considering all the rank $2$ vector bundles $V$ which fit into the short exact sequence
$0 \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \to V_n \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(n) \to 0$.
They are classified by $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-n)) \cong \mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, and we consider the family of ruled surfaces $\mathbb{P}(V_n)$, thus obtained, as a deformation of $\mathbb{F}_n$.\mathbb{F}_n = \mathbb{P}(\mathcal{O} \oplus \mathcal{O}(n)$.
This argument shows that even Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$, whereas odd Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^2 \sharp \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$.
The uniqueness of the symplectic structrure in each case is a more difficult story, and was proven by Lalonde and McDuff [J-curves and the classification of rational and
ruled symplectic 4-manifolds, Contact and Symplectic Geometry (Cambridge,
1994)].
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 9:29
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as followsuse the following argument.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by rank $M \leq k$, where $M$ is the matrix
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix}
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t :=\pi^{-1}(t) \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that
$\mathbb{F}n$ and
$F{n-2k}$ are F_n$ is diffeomorphic .to $F_{n-2k}$.
Geometrically speaking, we are considering all the rank $2$ vector bundles $V$ which fit into the short exact sequence
$0 \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \to V_n \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(n) \to 0$.
They are classified by $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-n)) \cong \mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, and we consider the family of ruled surfaces $\mathbb{P}(V_n)$, thus obtained, as a deformation of $\mathbb{F}_n$.
This argument shows that even Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$, whereas odd Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^2 \sharp \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$.
The uniqueness of the symplectic structrure in each case is a much more difficult story, and was proven by Lalonde and McDuff [J-curves and the classification of rational and
ruled symplectic 4-manifolds, Contact and Symplectic Geometry (Cambridge,
1994)].
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 9:21
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as follows.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by rank $M \leq k$, where $M$ is the matrix
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix}
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t :=\pi^{-1}(t) \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that
$\mathbb{F}n$ and $F{n-2k}$ are diffeomorphic.
Geometrically speaking, we are considering all the rank $2$ vector bundles $V$ which fit into the short exact sequence
$0 \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \to V_n \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(n) \to 0$.
They are classified by $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-n)) \cong \mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, and we consider the family of ruled surfaces $\mathbb{P}(V_n)$, thus obtained, as a deformation of $\mathbb{F}_n$.
This argument shows that even Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$, whereas odd Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^2 \sharp \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$.
The uniqueness of the symplectic structrure in each case is a much more difficult story, and was proven by Lalonde and McDuff [J-curves and the classification of rational and
ruled symplectic 4-manifolds, Contact and Symplectic Geometry (Cambridge,
1994)].
|
|
|
| |
|
Post Undeleted by Francesco Polizzi
|
occurred Oct 22 2010 at 8:25
|
|
|
|
|
|
4
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 8:21
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as follows.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \Sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by rank $\textrm{rank} \, M \leq k$, where $M$ is the matrix
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix} $\leq k$
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that $\mathbb{F}n$ and $F{n-2k}$ are diffeomorphic.
Geometrically speaking, we are considering all the rank $2$ vector bundles $V$ which fit into the short exact sequence
$0 \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1} \to V_n \to \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^1}(n) \to 0$.
They are classified by $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-n)) \cong \mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, and we consider the family of ruled surfaces $\mathbb{P}(V_n)$, thus obtained, as a deformation of $\mathbb{F}_n$.
This argument shows that even Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $S^2 \times S^2$, whereas odd Hirzebruch surfaces are diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{CP}^2 \sharp \overline{\mathbb{CP}^2}$.
The uniqueness of the symplectic structrure in each case is a much more difficult story, and was proven by Lalonde and McDuff [J-curves and the classification of rational and
ruled symplectic 4-manifolds, Contact and Symplectic Geometry (Cambridge,
1994)].
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 8:02
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as follows.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \Sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by
rank $\textrm{rank} \, M \leq k$
\begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{bmatrix} $\leq k$
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that $\mathbb{F}n$ and $F{n-2k}$ are diffeomorphic.
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
edited Oct 22 2010 at 7:54
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as follows.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \Sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by
[
T_k= \left(
rank \begin{array}{ccc}
begin{bmatrix}
t_1 & \ldots & t_{k+1} \cr
t_2 & \ldots & t_{k+2} \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
\cdot & \cdot & \cdot \cr
t_{n-k-1} & \ldots & t_{n-1}
\end{array} \right)
]end{bmatrix} $\leq k$
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that $\mathbb{F}n$ and $F{n-2k}$ are diffeomorphic.
|
|
|
| |
|
Post Deleted by Francesco Polizzi
|
occurred Oct 22 2010 at 7:50
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
answered Oct 22 2010 at 7:48
|
In order to obtain an explicit description of the diffeomorphism, one can work as follows.
Take $B=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}$, with coordinates $t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1}$, and consider the complex space
$\mathcal{X}$ obtained glueing $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ with $\mathbb{P}^1 \times \mathbb{C} \times B$ by the identification of
$(y_0, y_1, z, t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$ with $(y_0', y_1', z',t_1, \ldots, t_{n-1})$
if
$z'=z^{-1}, \quad y_1'=y_1z^{-n}, \quad y_0'=y_0+y_1 \Sum_{i=1}^{n-1}t_iz^{-i}$.
Let us denote by $\pi \colon \mathcal{X} \to B$ the family obtained in this way.
Let now $T_k \subset B$ be the determinantal locus given by
[
T_k= \left( \begin{array}{ccc}
t_1 & \ldots t_{k+1} \
t_2 & \ldots t_{k+2} \
\cdot \cdot \cdot \
\cdot \cdot \cdot \
\cdot \cdot \cdot \
t_{n-k-1} \ldots t_{n-1}
\end{array} \right)
]
Then, if $t \in T_k - T_{k-1}$ we have $X_t \cong \mathbb{F}_{n-2k}$.
By using Ehresmann theorem, one concludes that $\mathbb{F}n$ and $F{n-2k}$ are diffeomorphic.
|
|
|