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Let $E$ and $E'$ be Banach spaces. Mappings $f:E\to E'$, which satisfy the inequality $$\|f(x + y) − f(x) − f(y)\| \leq\epsilon$$ for all $x, y \in E$, are called $\epsilon$-additive (or approximately additive). The main result concerning approximately additive functions is due to D. Hyers (link).

Theorem. Let $f(x)$ be an $\epsilon$-additive mapping of a Banach space $E$ into another Banach space $E'$. Then $l(x)=\lim f(2^nx)/2^n$ exists for each $x$ in $E$, $l(x)$ is linear, and the inequality $$\|f(x)-l(x)\|\leq\epsilon$$ is true for all $x$ in $E$. Moreover, $l(x)$ is the only linear mapping satisfying this inequality. If $f(x)$ is continuous at at least one point, then $l(x)$ is continuous everywhere in $E$.

So in your case $E=L^2(\Omega)$, $E'=\mathbb R$.

Edit. As Yemon Choi indicated, finite dimensional versions of the result had been discovered earlier and independently. Check out, for instance, the Pólya and Szegö problem book (Ch 3, Problem 99):

Assume that the terms of the sequence $a_1,a_2,a_3,\dots$ satisfy the condition $$a_m+a_n-1 < a_{m+n} < a_m+a_n+1.$$ Then $$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty}\frac{a_n}{n}=\omega$$ exists; $\omega$ is finite and we have $$\omega n-1 < a_n < \omega n +1.$$

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Let $E$ and $E'$ be Banach spaces. Mappings $f:E\to E'$, which satisfy the inequality $$\|f(x + y) − f(x) − f(y)\| \leq\epsilon$$ for all $x, y \in E$, are called $\epsilon$-additive (or approximately additive). The main result concerning approximately additive functions is due to D. Hyers (link).

Theorem. Let $f(x)$ be an $\epsilon$-additive mapping of a Banach space $E$ into another Banach space $E'$. Then $l(x)=\lim f(2^nx)/2^n$ exists for each $x$ in $E$, $l(x)$ is linear, and the inequality $$\|f(x)-l(x)\|\leq\epsilon$$ is true for all $x$ in $E$. Moreover, $l(x)$ is the only linear mapping satisfying this inequality. If $f(x)$ is continuous at at least one point, then $l(x)$ is continuous everywhere in $E$.

So in your case $E=L^2(\Omega)$, $E'=\mathbb R$.

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Functions

Let $E$ and $E'$ be Banach spaces. Mappings $f:E\to E'$, which satisfy the inequality $$|f(x \|f(x + y) − f(x) − f(y)| f(y)\| \leq\epsilon$$ for all $x, y \in \mathbb R^n$E$, are called$\epsilon$-additive (or approximately additive). The main result concerning approximately additive functions is due to D. Hyers (link). Theorem. Let$f: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$f(x)$ be an $\epsilon$-additive function. Then there is mapping of a unique additive function Banach space $g: \mathbb R^n \to \mathbb R$ such that E$into another Banach space $$|f(x)-g(x)|\leq\epsilon E'. Then l(x)=\lim f(2^nx)/2^n exists for each x in E, l(x) is linear, and the inequality$$\|f(x)-l(x)\|\leq\epsilon$$is true for all$x\in \mathbb R^n$x$ in $E$. Moreover, $l(x)$ is the only linear mapping satisfying this inequality. If $f$ f(x)$is continuous at at least one point, then$g$l(x)$ is continuous everywhere in $\mathbb R^n$.E\$.

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