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I can think of two more examples: 1. Point-set topology. 2. pcf

Pcf theory/cardinal arithmetic. Well, it's not exactly built from scratch, but there are plenty of nice results which do not use any sophisticated metamathematical machinery (such as forcing, inner models, etc).

Edit: I've deleted part of my answer due to a little misunderstanding.

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I can think of two more examples: 1. Point-set topology. 2. pcf theory/cardinal arithmetic. Well, it's not exactly built from scratch, but there are plenty of nice results which do not use any sophisticated metamathematical machinery (such as forcing, inner models, etc).