I learned this example from Noam Elkies's excellent article The Klein Quartic in Number Theory. Mazur Elkies observes that Siegel's 1968 paper Zum Beweise des Starkschen Satzes, in order to prove its main result, proves what is equivalent to the following.
Theorem: Suppose that the only Fibonacci numbers which are cubes are $0, \pm 1, \pm 8$. Then the set of negative integers $d$ such that $\mathbb{Q}[\sqrt{d}]$ has class number $1$ is $\{ -1, -2, -3, -7, -11, -19, -43, -67, -163 \}$.

