Perhaps the archetypical example of a scholarly work in mathematics is L.E. Dickson's three volume History of the Theory of Numbers. The aforelinked wikipedia page puts it rather well:

"The 3-volume History of the Theory of Numbers (1919–23) is still much consulted today, covering divisibility and primality, Diophantine analysis, and quadratic and higher forms. The work contains little interpretation and makes no attempt to contextualize the results being described, yet it contains essentially every significant number theoretic idea from the dawn of mathematics up to the 1920s. A planned fourth volume was never written. A. A. Albert remarked that this three volume work 'would be a life's work by itself for a more ordinary man.'"