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My first guess 2 cents (ha ha): perhaps the approach is that you need to show that the power of 2 dividing $2+\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a_i^2$ is eventually less than the power of 2 in $n$, and that this somehow involves looking at $a_{2^n}$. I'll keep playing with it for a bit.

(inspired by this kind of argument that the harmonic numbers are not integers)

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My first guess is that you need to show that the power of 2 dividing $2+\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a_i^2$ is eventually less than the power of 2 in $n$, and that this somehow involves looking at $a_{2^n}$. I'll keep playing with it for a bit.