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Solved. The key is that the set of polynomials $P$ for which there exist polynomials $P_d\in\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ for all divisors $d$ of $n$ such that $\displaystyle P=\sum_{d\mid n}dP_d^{n/d}$ is a subring of $\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ (by the Witt integrality theorem, which is 9.73 in Hazewinkel's Witt vectors).

EDIT: Wrote up a proof.

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Solved. The key is that the set of polynomials $P$ for which there exist polynomials $P_d\in\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ for all divisors $d$ of $n$ such that $\displaystyle P=\sum_{d\mid n}dP_d^{n/d}$ is a subring of $\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ (by the Witt integrality theorem, which is 9.73 in Hazewinkel's Witt vectors).

EDIT: Wrote up a proof.

show/hide this revision's text 1

Solved. The key is that the set of polynomials $P$ for which there exist polynomials $P_d\in\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ for all divisors $d$ of $n$ such that $\displaystyle P=\sum_{d\mid n}dP_d^{n/d}$ is a subring of $\mathbb{Z}\left[\Xi\right]$ (by the Witt integrality theorem, which is 9.73 in Hazewinkel's Witt vectors).