Let $R$ be a DVR, and $k$ residue field of $R$. We suppose that $X_{0}$ is a stable curve over Spec$k$.
Dose there exist a stable model $X$ over $R$ such that the special fiber isomorphic to $X_{0}$ ?
If we assume $R=C[[t]]$, where C is complex number field, how to find a deformation which make the generic fiber is smooth?

