2 fixed link; deleted 1 characters in body

The document I linked to above is sufficiently striking as to warrant an answer of its own. I hope it complements the community wiki above.

As mentioned above the relevant conjecture in this area is due to Wall:

Conjecture The number of maximal subgroups of a finite group $G$ is less than the order of $G$.

This has been the subject of much study with the landmark work (until recently) being the above-cited work of Liebeck, Pyber and Shalev. In addition to the result mentioned above they show that the conjecture is true if the group $G$ is simple, up to a finite number of exceptions.

Now a quote from the linked document is relevant:

This largely directed attention to composite groups, where Wall in his original paper had at least shown the conjecture to be true for finite solvable groups. The key remaining cases were known to be semidirect products of a vector space V with a nearly simple finite group G acting faithfully and irreducibly on it.

It turns out that in this case Wall's conjecture implies some bounds on the cohomology groups $H^1(G,V)$. And, as the document relates, examples have now been found which violate these bounds. In particular, Wall's conjecture does not hold.

In light of this development, the bound $C|G|^{3/2}$ mentioned above, also due to Liebeck, Pyber and Shalev, assumes greater importance. Although, as the linked document mentions, it is likely that the value $3/2$ can be reduced a great deal.

One final interesting quote:

A conjecture of Aschbacker and Guralnick, not made at the conference... would now rise to be the main conjecture in maximal subgroup theory. (The conjecture states that it is the number of conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups that is bounded, less than the number of conjugacy classes of elements in the group.)

Anyone interested should definitely read the document. Not only is it interesting mathematically, it's a very engaging account of how this recent breakthrough was achieved.

1

The document I linked to above is sufficiently striking as to warrant an answer of its own. I hope it complements the community wiki above.

As mentioned above the relevant conjecture in this area is due to Wall:

Conjecture The number of maximal subgroups of a finite group $G$ is less than the order of $G$.

This has been the subject of much study with the landmark work (until recently) being the above-cited work of Liebeck, Pyber and Shalev. In addition to the result mentioned above they show that the conjecture is true if the group $G$ is simple, up to a finite number of exceptions.

Now a quote from the linked document is relevant:

This largely directed attention to composite groups, where Wall in his original paper had at least shown the conjecture to be true for finite solvable groups. The key remaining cases were known to be semidirect products of a vector space V with a nearly simple finite group G acting faithfully and irreducibly on it.

It turns out that in this case Wall's conjecture implies some bounds on the cohomology groups $H^1(G,V)$. And, as the document relates, examples have now been found which violate these bounds. In particular, Wall's conjecture does not hold.

In light of this development, the bound $C|G|^{3/2}$ mentioned above, also due to Liebeck, Pyber and Shalev, assumes greater importance. Although, as the linked document mentions, it is likely that the value $3/2$ can be reduced a great deal.

One final interesting quote:

A conjecture of Aschbacker and Guralnick, not made at the conference... would now rise to be the main conjecture in maximal subgroup theory. (The conjecture states that it is the number of conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups that is bounded, less than the number of conjugacy classes of elements in the group.)

Anyone interested should definitely read the document. Not only is it interesting mathematically, it's a very engaging account of how this recent breakthrough was achieved.