# All Questions

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### Invariant of isotopy of curves in a surface.

Suppose $S_g$ is a sorface of genus $g>1$. Let $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ be two simple closed curves containing points $p_1, p_2$. Suppose $\gamma_1$ and $\gamma_2$ are isotopic. Now there can be ...
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### A question about sentences in the language of first order ZFC which assert the existence of cardinal numbers

These sentences are usually of two kinds. The first kind are actually theorems of ZFC asserting the existence of various cardinal numbers, and their negations are inconsistent with ZFC. The second ...
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### What “force” us to accept large cardinal axioms?

Large cardinal axioms are not provable using usual mathematical tools (developed in $\text{ZFC}$). Their non-existence is consistent with axioms of usual mathematics. It is provable that some of ...
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### extreme points of the image of a nonlinear vector-valued function

Consider a continuous function $f : D \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^m$, where $D \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ is a compact convex set. I am in search of a result that helps me say something about the extreme ...
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### Proof of Lemma in “Harmonic maps and the self-duality equations” by Donaldson

I am referring to this paper by S. K. Donaldson. I could not find a freely available version, hence I feel uncomfortable to copy & paste parts of his paper, and won't do so. Nevertheless, I will ...
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### Recovery of probability distribution from a single point

There is probably terminology for this, and I apologize that I don't know it, and part of my question is what the standard terminology for the concepts I'm giving is. This is a pretty open-ended ...
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### $\Gamma$-action on maximal tori in Borel-Tits

This is about section 6.2 in Borel-Tits' Groupes réductifs where they define a certain $\Gamma$-action on maximal split tori, denoted as $_\Delta \gamma$, distinct from the "usual" one. (If I am not ...
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### On the fundamental group of a finite CW complex

So let $X$ be a finite CW complex which is connected. Q1: Is $\pi_1(X)$ necssarily a finitely presented group? If the answer is yes, then how does prove it. I've tried to prove it using an ...
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### Diagonalization for sums of Hermitian matrices

I found an interesting question about diagonalizable matrices, Let $A,B\in \mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{C})$ Hermitian, such that $AB\neq BA$. Do there exist complex numbers $u\neq v$, such that $A+uB$ and ...
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### Concentration of sum of powers of normals

Let $Z_1,Z_2,\ldots,Z_n$ be i.i.d. copies of a random variable $Z$ distributed as $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}X+i\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}Y$ with $X$ and $Y$ independent standard Normal random variables ...
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### “Degree 3 fields”

I was wondering what was known about fields $k$ having the property that any polynomial over $k$ of degree $3$ has at least one root in $k$. Does such a field have a special name ? Is there some kind ...
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### Well-ordering with a topological property

Assuming the axiom of choice, is there a well-ordering of the reals such that every initial segment is closed for the usual topology? If the continuum hypothesis helps, we can also assume it. An ...
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### Sum of Squares Length of a Product

Let $n \geq 2$. Let $g_1, \ldots , g_{n-1} \in \mathbb{R}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ such that $q=g_1^2+\ldots +g_{n-1}^2$ is not divisible by $p=x_1^2+\ldots +x_n^2$. Let $m \geq 1$ be the smallest integer ...
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### Square roots of $\mathbb R^{2n}$

Recently, Richard Dore asked us if $\mathbb R^3$ is the cartesian square of some space, and Tyler Lawson answered beautifully in the negative. The even powers of $\mathbb R$ were left out in that ...
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### Homology theory constructed in a homotopy-invariant way

Singular homology sends homotopic morphisms on equal morphisms and weakly equivalent spaces on isomorphic objects. So singular homology is in fact defined on the homotopy category of topological ...
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### Why the square of ideal in Lie algebra is also ideal? [on hold]

Let $L$ be a Lie algebra over field $F$, $I$ - ideal in this algebra. It's stated that $I^2$ (and so any item of central series) is also ideal in $L$. 1) For any $a, b \in I^2: [a,b] \in I^2$. True, ...
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### Morse theory and adiabatic limits

Let's start with a product manifold $M\times N$, with a product Riemannian metric $g_M\oplus g_N$. Consider a generic Morse function $f(x, y)$ on $M\times N$. Then its critical points are discrete and ...
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### References on law of large numbers, CLT and iterated logarithm laws

Having access to those references, accumulating many results in one domain is always a bless,like Feller's book in probability, Dembo-Zeitoun's large deviation, Grimmett's percolation and recent ...
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### Relation between kahler potential and Hermitian metric

Let $(M,\omega)$ be a Kaehler manifold and $h$ be its Hermitian form, then in local sense we can write $$\omega=\partial\bar\partial\log h$$ and also if $f$ be the kaehler potential then we can write ...
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### Sufficient Condition for Defining $\in$

Consider the first order language $\mathcal{L}=\{\in,\in'\}$ with two binary relational symbols $\in , \in'$ and $ZFC$ as a $\{\in\}$-theory. If we define $\in'$ using $\{\in\}$-formula $\varphi(x,y)$ ...
Let $E=(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^n$, an elementary Abelian p-group. Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0. There is a good description of $H^*(E,F^{\times})$ where $F$ is a field ...
Algebraic K-theory of an exact category $\mathcal{C}$ is a certain universal non-connective spectrum $K(\mathcal{C})$. In particular, objects of $\mathcal{C}$ give elements of $K_0(\mathcal{C})$. ...