# All Questions

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### Partitioning a binary tree into vertex-disjoint subtrees

Say we have a labeled, binary unrooted tree $T$, i.e. each node has either 1 or 3 neighbors. Denote by $L(T)$ the set of leaves (degree-one nodes) of $T$. For some $L \subseteq L(T)$, denote by ...
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### Primary structures in $\mathbb Q$

I'll formulate a topic restricted here to the positive rational numbers $\ \mathbb Q_{_{>0}},\$, then will pose a question (Q.2) plus some related, to which I don't know the answers nor reference. ...
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### Uniform bounds on the number of integer points on a family of elliptic curves

Let $P(x,y)$ be a binary cubic polynomial with integer coefficient. Let $n$ be an integer. Suppose the (complex) curve $P(x,y)=n$ is nonsingular, so is an elliptic curve. Is there any bound on the ...
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### Has anyone seen these binary trees (Catalan-type related to the Gegenbauer polynomials and Motzkin paths)?

The OEIS entry A121448 enumerates binary trees with $n$ edges and $k$ vertices with outdegree 1. Has anyone seen these trees? The o.g.f. for this entry, $G(x,t)$, is essentially a discriminant ...
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### If the sample space is an Euclidean Space, we can use a different type of PDF

Reading this post, I realize that is possible to have another type of PDF (probability density function) in the special case when the sample space is an Euclidean space. Usually, we have a ...
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### What is a Kelley ring?

I've heard that in some book by someone named Kelley, perhaps an early edition of John L. Kelley's General Topology, the author gave a definition of a ring which turned out to be weaker than the usual ...
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### If the natural density (relative to the primes) exists, then the Dirichlet density also exists, and the two are equal

On p. 76 of the 1996 edition of Serre's A Course in Arithmetic, one reads the following (inline) remark: One can prove that, if $A$ has natural density $k$, the analytic density of $A$ exists and ...
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### Number of Plücker relations for a Grassmannian

Is it true that the number of Plücker relations for a Grassmannian $Gr(k,n)$ is equal to the dimension $k(n-k)$ of said Grassmannian? So far, for $Gr(2,5)$, I get exactly five Plücker relations: ...
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### Variance of the normal CDF

Several threads (e.g. Integration of the product of pdf & cdf of normal distribution ) have shown that $E[\Phi(x)]=\Phi(\mu/\sqrt{\sigma^2+1})$ when $x\sim N(\mu,\sigma^2)$. I'd like to compute ...
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### Can we do better than zero padding of FFT?

My background is in signal processing, and never took any course related to functional analysis or even advanced algebra. But I have a strong conviction (may be wrong) that we may be do better then ...
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### Weakenings of the Bounded Approximation Property

Let $X$ be a Banach space, and let $F(X)$ be the finite-rank operators on $X$. Then $X$ has the $\lambda$-BAP if there exists a net $(S_i)_i$ in $F(X)$ with $\sup_i\|S_i\|\leq\lambda$ such that ...
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### Example to $2^\kappa\nrightarrow (3)^2_\kappa$, plus closed walks of odd length?

Let $\kappa$ be an infinite cardinal. Consider the following example to $2^\kappa\nrightarrow (3)^2_\kappa$. $V$ is a set of vertices, each of which is an element of $2^\kappa$. Color the edge ...
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### p-groups with unique normal minimal subgroup

Is p-groups with unique normal minimal subgroup have been Classification? Is there any article on the subject?
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### Pragmatic Test for Total Unimodularity

I want perform a simple check for total unimodularity. Question: what, if anything, can be concluded from the fact, that $$det(A)=1,\ a_{ij}\in\{-1,0,+1\}\ \wedge\ a_{ij}^{-1}\in\{-1,0,+1\}$$ ...
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### Symplectic orthogonality and projective duality: how do they work together?

Let $(V,\omega)$ be a $2n$-dimensional linear symplectic space, and $(\mathbb{P}V,\theta_\omega)$ the corresponding $(2n-1)$-dimensional contact manifold. Given a smooth $(n-1)$-dimensional smooth ...
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### How to construct a free 2-group on a groupoid?

Let G be a groupoid. I'm wondering how to construct the free 2-group on G. By the free 2-group I mean a 2-group $\mathcal{F}\left(G\right)$ equipped with a functor ...
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### Global dimension of matrix algebra [on hold]

Let $k$ be a field, and $A=T_{n}(k)$. $gldim(A) = 1$, and if $B = A/rad(A)^{2}$, then $gldim(B) = n+1$. Some indication!! How can I prove that $gldim(A) = 1$, and $gldim(B) = n+1$ ? Thank you!
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### Proof-theoretic ordinals after liberalizing induction to $RCA_0$

This is kind of a follow-up to this question. For a class $\Gamma$ of second-order formulas (here either $\Sigma_n^0$ or $\Sigma_n^1$), let $X\Gamma$ be a formal theory consisting of $RCA_0$ together ...
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### A solution for this equation with a certain condition

Let $(S^n(1),g)$ be the round sphere and $J_{\delta , \beta}$ be an almost complex structure on $TS^n(1)$ with the definition J_{\delta , \beta}(X^h)=\beta X^h + \alpha X^v,\\ ...
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### Convergence of a triple sum involving the imaginary part of the Riemann zeta function's non trivial zeros

Let $N>0$ an integer, $k>0$ a real parameter and let $\rho = \beta +i \gamma$ a non trivial zero of the Riemann zeta function. For a work I need to find the best possible $k$ such that ...
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### Sum of subsequence, over index set of non-zero density, of monotone divergent sum also divergent?

For a subset $S$ of the natural numbers $N$ and $n\in N$ let $|S\cap n|$ be the number of members of $S$ that are less than $n$. Suppose $S$ does not have upper asymptotic density $0$. That is, ...
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### Does the truncated Hausdorff moment problem admit absolutely continuous solutions?

Let $\mu$ be a (Borel) probability measure on $[0,1]$ and define $m_j(\mu) = \int x^j\,\mu(dx)$. Let $k$ be a positive integer and consider the set $\mathcal C_{\mu,k}$ of probability measures $\nu$ ...
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### Nice proof of the Jordan curve theorem?

As a student, I was taught that the Jordan curve theorem is a great example of an intuitively clear statement which has no simple proof. What is the simplest known proof today? Is there an intuitive ...
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### Upper bound on the number of convex connected components of the complement of the zero set of a polynomial

The classic Milnor-Thom upper bound on the sum of the Betti numbers of real algebraic sets (for a nice exposition and references, see e.g. N.R. Wallach, On a Theorem of Milnor and Thom, in S. Gindikin ...
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### finitely presented subgroup and free solvable group of class 3

Let $F(n)$ be free group of rank $n\geq 2$. Denote by $F_d(n)$ the d-th derived subgroup, that is $F_d(n)=[F_{d-1}(n),F_{d-1}(n)]$ where $F_0(n)=F(n)$. The free solvable group of rank $n$ and ...
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### Multivariate analogue of Jackson's inequality's modulus of continuity form

According to Jackson's inequality, there is $c > 0$ s.t. for any continuous function $f: S^1 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ (where $S^1 := \mathbb{R} / \mathbb{Z}$ is the circle) and integer $n$ there is ...
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### Twisted Hodge numbers in a family

It is well known (e.g. Voisin's book) that for a smooth family $\pi: \mathcal{X} \to B$ of smooth projective varieties (and projectively normal) over $\mathbb{C}$, the Hodge numbers $h^{p,q}(X_b)$ are ...
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### Additional condition to the Bollobas theorem in extremal set theory

The Bollobas'1965 theorem is the following: If $A_1,...,A_n$ and $B_1,...,B_n$ are two sequences of subsets of $X=\{1,...,r\}$ such that $A_i\cap B_j = \emptyset$ if and only if $i=j$, then ...
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### Unifying (& “justifying”) the various definitions for differential operators

Reading about differential operators in different sources I've picked up several definitions which are not obviously equivalent (to me). Here they are: Definition 1 ("naive"): Let $X$ be a (real) ...
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### Why should intersection cohomology and quantum cohomology be related for a symplectic resolution?

In http://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.6240.pdf M. McBreen and N. Proudfoot conjectured a precise relationship between the quantum cohomology of a symplectic resolution and the intersection cohomology of the ...
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### Negative population variable importance

I asked this question on stats.stackexchange and even elsewhere, but it never received an answer. I just state the probabilistic problem here. It is about the optimality of the conditional ...
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### Algebraic Geometry needed for Kähler-Einstein metric

I am a Master's student interested in Differential Geometry / Geometric Analysis. Currently active research is going on in Kähler-Einstein / Extremal Kähler metric. I was wondering how much Algebraic ...
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### Calabi-Yau theorem on Arithmetic Variety

Let $\mathcal X\to Spec(\mathcal O_K)=C$ be an arithmetric projective variety over $C$ , where $\mathcal O_K$, ring of number filed $K$. Let $\omega$ be a Kaehler current of $\mathcal X(\mathbb C)$. ...
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### A generalized ellipse

We know that an ellipse is the locus of all point $z$ in the plane with $$|z-a|+|z-b|=\lambda$$ where $a,b$ are two given points in the plane and $\lambda$ is a constant. Now we consider the ...
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### Understanding the steps taken in a calculation of the maximum profile likelihood of a simple ODE, given some data [on hold]

I'm trying to understand a calculation made in a paper (section 2 from the supplementary contents of ...
Let $X\subseteq\mathbb{P}^{N}$ be an algebraic variety of dimension $n$. Let $(x,y)\in X\times X-\Delta_{X}$ and $z\in\langle x,y\rangle\subseteq SX$, where $SX$ is the secant variety of $X$. I want ...
Here is the set up : let $(S,g)$ an hyperbolic surface and $L_g$ the associated volume measure. By the shadowing lemma there exist sequences of long closed geodesics, $\gamma_n$ which approximate the ...