# All Questions

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Fhyzics is a leader in business analysis and business analytics. We help companies to solve complex business problems and to put their data to strategic advantage. Since inception, we are serving ...
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### More precise statement about lower bounds on the cover time of general graphs

Uriel Feige has shown in 1995 in his paper "A Tight Lower Bound on the Cover Time for Random Walks on Graphs", the following result: For any graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, and any starting vertex $u$ ...
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### Nonnegativity of matrix powers

Consider a matrix $A\in SL_2(\mathbb R)$, and let $\Gamma\begin{pmatrix}+&-\\+&-\end{pmatrix}\subset M_{2\times 2}(\mathbb R)$ denote the set of matrices whose coefficients have the indicated ...
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### How do we respond to the question, “What is mathematics?”? [on hold]

The mathematical community has offered various responses, depending on who was asking, and depending on what century it was, and other variables. The Wikipedia article "Definitions of mathematics" ...
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### Why is there a $\sqrt{5}$ in Hurwitz's Theorem?

Hurwitz's theorem is an extension of Minkowski's Theorem and deals with rational approximations to irrational numbers. The theorem states: For every irrational number $\alpha$, there are infinitely ...
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### lattice basis reduction of the orbit of a rational vector on the torus

LEt $v=(p_1/q,...,p_n/q)$ be a vector of the torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, such that for any $i$, $p_i$ and $q$ are relatively prime. Let $L= \{ kv \mod \mathbb{T}^n , k=0,...,q-1 \}$. What is the lattice ...
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### Period of closed phase curve [on hold]

I'm currently reading Arnolds "Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics" and I'm having a hard time solving some of the problems in Chapter 2. I think that the following problem is fairly simple ...
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### Actions of the unit circle on complex matrices

Let $M_2(\mathbb{C})$ be the algebra of $2\times 2$ complex matrices and $\mathbb{S}^1$ the unit circle. How many actions of $\mathbb{S}^1$ on $M_2(\mathbb{C})$ exist (up to isomorphism)? And on ...
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### Solve Higher ODE with boundary condition at infinity [on hold]

Given below is a second-order linear differential, $y''+Ay'+By=0$ The boundary conditions are: (a) $y(t=0)=1+H\frac{dy}{dt}$ (b) $y(t=\inf)=0$ Does a solution exist for this problem?
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### Intersections of ideals and nilpotence

Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$, $R = k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$. Suppose $R'$ is an associative $R$-algebra and it has the property that there exists a degree $m<n$ monomial in the $x_i$'s ...
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### Infinite-dimensional admissible representations of SL(2,C)

I'm working in my research with the infinite dimensional (admissible) irreducible representations of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$ introduced by Harish-Chandra in his paper "Infinite Irreducible ...
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### Reduced products of (abelian and triangulated) categories: references?

For a filter $U$ on a set $X$ and for a family of categories $C_x$ indexed by $X$ I would like to consider the (corresponding categorical version of) reduced product of $C_x$ (for $x\in X$) with ...
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### Embedding finite lattices into the lattice of partitions of a finite set

For any set $X$ we denote by $\text{Part}(X)$ the set of all partitions of $X$, ordered by the refinement ordering. It is well known that this is a complete lattice for all sets $X$. Let $L$ be a ...
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### Open Volumetric Time series data set

Does anyone know where I can find a good open volumetric time series data set? I had a look at some of Stanford's open data sets (https://graphics.stanford.edu/data/voldata/ ) But these do not seem ...
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### Vector Valued Modular Forms with Monodromy

Is there a theory of vector valued modular objects with given weight, which represent the modular group further by permuting the entries (i.e. vector valued modular forms), but, which have a point of ...
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### Is a non-trivial finite perfect group of order 4n?

A finite group $G$ is perfect if $G = G^{(1)} := \langle [G,G] \rangle$, or equivalently, if any $1$-dimensional complex representation is trivial. Question: Is a non-trivial finite perfect group of ...
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### profit and loss related aptitude qustion? [on hold]

A sold a watch to B at a gain of 5% and B sold it to C at a gain of 4%. If C paid Rs. 1902 for it, the price paid by A is?
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### Stochastic integration with respect to Fractional Brownian Motion

I would like to know what can be said about integral process $X_t = \int_0^t e^{-sr} dB_s^H,t\in[0,\infty)$, where $B^H_t$ is Fractional Brownian Motion with Hurst parameter $H>\frac{1}{2}$, ...
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### Relations between modular functions of certain $q$-continued fractions

Given the j-function $j:=j(\tau)$, and $q=e^{2\pi i\tau} = \exp(2\pi i\tau)$ where, for convenience, we set $\tau=\sqrt{-n}$. I. $\frac{A_2(q)}{A_1(q)} = \text{q-cfrac}:\;$ Icosahedral group ...
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### Moments of a random variable and of its conditional expectation

Let $X$ be a bounded random variable with $\mathbb{E}X=0$. Since $X$ is bounded, all its moments exist. Let $\mathcal{G}$ be any $\sigma$-field and let $Y:=\mathbb{E}[X|\mathcal{G}].$ I am interested ...
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### Is Zsigmondy's Theorem utilized in Sociology to the extent that a lay person might be familiar with its use? [on hold]

Is Zsigmondy's theorem somehow useful in sociological studies? Has it in some way been co-opted as a sociological term with a corresponding sociological theory, no matter how far off base from the ...
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### Differential operators between modules, $\mathcal{D}_A(M, M)$ necessarily a filtered, almost commutative ring?

See here. Does it follow immediately that $\mathcal{D}_A(M, M)$ as defined in the link is a filtered, almost commutative ring? How can I visualize this geometrically?
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### Is an explicit $c$ known to lead to a noncomputable Julia set?

Braverman & Yampolsky have shown that there exist noncomputable Julia sets, i.e., there exist $c \in \mathbb{C}$ such that the Julia set of $f(z) = c + z^2$ is not computable. "A set is ...
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### Non-flat $R \subseteq S$, which is integral, separable, $R$ is a noetherian (not integrally closed) integral domain

On ramification theory in noetherian rings, of Auslander and Buchsbaum say: "Chapter 4 is devoted to showing that under various conditions if $S$ is unramified over $R$, then $S$ is $R$-projective. ...
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### Proving inequation with ceilings in Finite Field of characteristic $p$

Take $ui = pt_i +j_i$ where $p$ is a prime number and $u(p-r) \equiv 1$ $(\mbox{mod p})$ for positive integers $1 \le i, r, j_i\le p-1$ and $t_i \ge 0$. How can I prove that: ...
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### A quasicompact space with a net that contains no convergent strict subnet

If $x:\Lambda \rightarrow X$ is a net in a topological space $X$ and $\Lambda '\subseteq \Lambda$ is a cofinal subset of the directed set $\Lambda$, then $x|_{\Lambda '}$ is a subnet of $x$. We call ...
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### higher direct images of relative canonical sheaf plus a fractional divisor

For a map $f: Y \rightarrow X$ branched over simple normal crossing divisor $B=\sum_iB_i$, do we know of similar local freeness property for higher direct image of relative canonical sheaf plus a ...
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### Thom Class of tensor bundles

Suppose $\xi$ and $\eta$ are oriented vector bundles over a CW-complex $B$. Is it possible to express the Thom class (with ${\mathbb Z}$ coefficients) of $\xi\otimes \eta$ or even ${\rm Sym}^2(\xi)$ ...
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### Higher algebra and terminology about 2-objects

It is well known that one way to build higher category theory is to use some induction process, where an $n$-category has as $0$-cells some $n-1$ categories, such that for two $0$-cells $\mathcal{A}$ ...
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### Nemytskii/superposition operator without separability of Banach space?

Let $T:[0,1] \times X \to \mathbb{R}$ be a nonlinear map where $X$ is a Banach space. Suppose that $T$ is a Caratheodory map, so that $t \mapsto F(t,x)$ is measurable and $x \mapsto F(t,x)$ is ...
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### Riemann-Roch formula for nodal curves

Let $X$ be an irreducible, reduced, projective curve over an algebraically closed field, with at worst nodes as singularities. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a trivial vector bundle on $X$ of rank $r$. Consider ...
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### On Cantor sets every map is $C^{\infty}$

For a fixed Cantor set $K\subset [0,1]$ and a continuous function $g:[0,1]\to \mathbb R.$ Is it always possible to find a $C^{\infty}$ map $f:[0,1]\to \mathbb R$ such that $g$ and $f$ coincide in $K?$ ...
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### How to obtain a permutation of a tensor product? [on hold]

I am looking for a way to efficiently compute a re-ordered kronecker product from the result of another kronecker product. For example, consider $$F=A\otimes B\otimes C\otimes D\otimes E$$ from the ...
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### Asymptotic behavior of the minimum eigenvalue of a certain Gram matrix with linear independence

Consider the density matrices with the following spectral decompositions: $$\rho=\lambda_1|\nu_1\rangle+\lambda_{2}|\nu_2\rangle$$ and $$\sigma=\gamma_1|\omega_1\rangle+\gamma_2|\omega_2\rangle$$ such ...
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### Are these two $q$-continued fractions equivalent?

In this MSE post, Nicco Mnisi defined a particular $q$-continued fraction of order $12$. More generally, define the cfrac found in Ramanujan's Notebooks, Vol III, Chap. 16, page 24, U(q) = ...
First consider a scheme $X$ with an open cover $\mathcal{U}=\{U_i\}$. An object with descent data on $\mathcal{U}$ is a collection $(\mathcal{E}_i,\phi_{ij})$ where $\mathcal{E}_i$ is a ...