All Questions
17,264
questions
1
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2
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465
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Non-closed range space of Laplace operators?
Set $ -\Delta: H^2(\mathbb{R}^3) \subseteq L^2(\mathbb{R}^3) \to L^2(\mathbb{R}^3) $. Then $ \mathcal{R}(-\Delta) $ is non-closed?
Sorry if this question is trivial. I am not familiar with theory of ...
1
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2
answers
218
views
Sharply Estimating Pythagorean Triples [closed]
Given $m,n\in\Bbb N$ with $m<n$, how many pythagorean triples $p^2+r^2=q^2$ satisfy $$m\leq p<r\leq n?$$
Is there a way to give a sharp estimate?
1
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1
answer
215
views
Worpitzky-like identities?
Let $$r_k(x)=\prod_{j=1}^k {(\frac{x+j}{j}})^{\min(j,k-j)}.$$
Computations suggest that $$r_{2k}(x)=\sum_{j=0}^{(k-1)^2}a(2k,j)\binom{k^2+x-j}{k^2}$$ and $$r_{2k+1}(x)=\sum_{j=0}^{k^2-k}a(2k+1,j)\...
1
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0
answers
120
views
Projective direct image and commutation
Let us denote by $f:X\rightarrow Y$ a projective map between two varieties, and $i:Z\rightarrow X$ an open inclusion.
Is it correct to write :
$$f_*(Im(i_!\mathscr{F}\rightarrow i_* \mathscr{F})=Im(...
1
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0
answers
111
views
Can we construct a general counterexample to support the weak whitney embedding theorm?
The weak Whitney embedding theorem states that any continuous function from an $n$-dimensional manifold to an $m$-dimensional manifold may be approximated by a smooth embedding provided $m > 2n$.
...
1
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1
answer
187
views
Inequality and integral
Let $p(u,x):=(4 \pi u)^{-1/2}e^{-\frac{x^2}{4u}},u>0,x \in \mathbb{R}.$
Let $\mathcal{E}:=\{\phi \in C_c^\infty (\mathbb{R}),\operatorname{supp}(\phi) \subset B(0,1),\|\phi\|_\infty \leq 1\}.$
...
1
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1
answer
129
views
Two consecutive continua
Are there two non homeomorphic continua $X,Y$ such that $X $ can be embedded in $Y$ but there is no topological space $Z$ with $$X<Z<Y.$$
The later relation means that $Z$ ...
1
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0
answers
70
views
Derivation of the vortex filament equation from Euler equation
How can the vortex filament equation
$$\partial_t \chi = \partial_s \chi \wedge \partial_{ss} \chi,$$
where $\chi(t,s)$ is a curve in $\mathbb R^3$,
be derived from the Euler equation
$$\partial_t \...
1
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1
answer
250
views
Can we invoke "almost supermartingale" Theorem for deterministic sequences?
Perhaps stupid question.
Question: Can "almost supermartingale" theorem be equally applicable to prove the convergence of some algorithms solving non-random optimization problems?
Attempt ...
1
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0
answers
164
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Ask for a proof of an inequality involving the Bernoulli numbers
Let $B_k$ be the Bernoulli numbers and let
\begin{equation}
T_k=\frac{2^{2k}}{(2k)!}|B_{2k}|, \quad k\ge1.
\end{equation}
Prove the inequality
\begin{equation*}
\frac{\frac{1}{k+2}\sum_{j=0}^{k+1}\...
1
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1
answer
263
views
Is there an entire solution for the Van der pol equation?
Is there a non constant entire function $\gamma(t)=(x(t),y(t)): \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}^{2}$ which satisfy the following Vander pol dififferential equation?
$$\begin{cases}\dot{x}=y-x^{3}\\\dot y=-...
1
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1
answer
231
views
Elliptic interface problem without conditions on the interface
Consider an open domain $U$ split in two non-overlapping subdomains: $U = U_1 \cup U_2$.
For a model case, consider a ball split in a smaller ball and an anulus.
Consider the following elliptic ...
1
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1
answer
333
views
Is the manifold of complex points of a quotient of compact groups just the tangent bundle?
In great generality a Lie group mod its maximal compact subgroup is contractible (for example this is true for all connected Lie groups). Whenever this is true then the Lie group $ D $ is ...
1
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1
answer
178
views
Measure, volume and cardinality on Minlos' book on statistical physics
The following content was based on Minlos' book on statistical physics. Let $\Lambda \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be fixed (Minlos takes $d=3$ but I think the ideas follow without change to $d \ge 1$). We ...
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1
answer
156
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Two questions about the extent to which simple arcs and simple closed curves can fill up higher dimensional Euclidean spaces
For each positive integer n, let E(n) be n-dimensional Euclidean space with its standard metric and let p(n) be some fixed point of E(n). The so-called "Osgood Curve" shows that there can exist simple ...
1
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1
answer
148
views
'Convex' slices of proper actions
Consider a Lie group $G$ acting properly on a manifold $M$. Then by the slice theorem we can find for any point $m\in M$ a submanifold transverse to the orbit $\mathcal{O}$ through $m$ and which is (...
1
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1
answer
136
views
Comparison of hitting probability of two Markov chains both with only one absorbing state version 2 under stronger condition
Let $N_n:=\{1,2,\cdots,n\}$. Given two finite states Markov chains $\big(X^{(j)}_i\in N_n\}\big)_{i=0}^\infty$ for $j\in\{1,2\}$, both of which have two absorbing states at $1$ and $n$.
$\text{Pr}\...
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1
answer
316
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On odd perfect numbers and a GCD - Part III
Let $m = q^k n^2$ be an odd perfect number with special prime $q$ satisfying $q \equiv k \equiv 1 \pmod 4$ and $\gcd(q,n)=1$.
It is known that
$$\gcd(\sigma(q^k),\sigma(n^2)) = \frac{(\gcd(n,\sigma(n^...
1
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2
answers
214
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Behavior of a non-linear differential equation
Let us consider the following differential equation
$$
\dot{x}(t)=a - b\sin(x(t)), \quad a,b\in\mathbb{R}.
$$
My question. Suppose $a>|b|$ and $x(0)=x_0\in\mathbb{R}$. Can the solution to the ...
1
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2
answers
1k
views
2-class group of a quadratic imaginary extension
Let $p\equiv 5 [8]$ be a prime number, and consider $K=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-p})$.
I would like to check that the $2$-Sylow subgroup of the class group $C_K$ has order $2$ (I'm pretty sure it's true).
...
1
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1
answer
141
views
How can we calculate the generalized gradient of $L^2\ni x\mapsto a\min(x(s),by(t))$?
Let $(T,\mathcal T,\tau)$ be a measure space, $a,b\ge0$, $s,t\in T$ and $$f(x):=a\min(x(s),bx(t))\;\;\;\text{for }x\in L^2(\tau).$$
How can we calculate the generalized gradient $\partial_Cf(x)$ of ...
1
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1
answer
636
views
Properties of the trace term in the Itō formula
Let's consider the SDE $${\rm d}X_t=u_t(X_t){\rm d}t+\xi_t(X_t){\rm d}W_t\;\;\;\text{for all }t\ge 0\tag 1$$ where
$U,H$ are separable $\mathbb R$-Hilbert spaces
$Q\in\mathfrak L(U)$ is nonnegative ...
1
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1
answer
778
views
Picard group of a K3 surface generated by a curve
In Lazarsfeld's article "Brill Noether Petri without degenerations" he mentions the fact that for any integer $g \geq 2$, one may find a K3 surface $X$ and a curve $C$ of genus $g$ on $X$ such that ...
1
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1
answer
140
views
Congruences that aren't "finite from above," take 2: semigroups
This is a hopefully less trivial version of this question. Briefly, say that a congruence is parafinite if it is the largest congruence contained in some equivalence relation with finitely many ...
1
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1
answer
104
views
A claim on the concurrency of area bisectors of planar convex regions
We add a little bit to On 'fair bisectors' of planar convex regions and Bisectors and partitioning lines for convex regions defined with respect to the moment of inertia
Definitions: Given a ...
1
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1
answer
6k
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Finding the square root modulo n, when the factors of n are known
Last month, I asked whether there is an efficient algorithm for finding the square root modulo a prime power here: Is there an efficient algorithm for finding a square root modulo a prime power?
Now, ...
1
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0
answers
228
views
Does analytic isomorphism imply local isomorphism?
If $ \mathfrak{p} $ is a (not necessarily closed) point of a variety $ \operatorname{Spec}(A) $, and $ \mathfrak{q} $ is a (not necessarily closed) point of a variety $ \operatorname{Spec}(B) $ such ...
1
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1
answer
126
views
About extensions between morphisms on the multiplier algebra
Let $A$ be a non-degenerate algebra and let $\Delta: A \to M(A \otimes A)$ be a non-degenerate morphism. We can extend the algebra morphism
$$\iota \otimes \Delta: M(A \otimes A) \to M(A \otimes A \...
1
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0
answers
95
views
Zeros of modular functions and automorphisms
Let $F_N$ be the field of modular functions of level $N$ and with Fourier coefficients in $\mathbf Q(\zeta_N)$. We have
$$F_N=\mathbf Q(j, f^{(r,s)}_N),$$
where the $f^{(r,s)}_N$ are the Fricke ...
1
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1
answer
377
views
Necessary and sufficient condition for $can : A^X\otimes_A A^Y\rightarrow A^{X\times Y}$ to be an embedding
The two sets are, of course, supposed infinite.
This question is related to that one
Commutation of tensor products with inverse limits in a specific case
where it received a (partial) answer ($A$ ...
1
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1
answer
311
views
Symmetry in Hardy-Littlewood k-tuple conjecture
Assuming Hardy-Littlewood $k$-tuple conjecture, do the "dual" prime constellations $(0,h_1, h_2,\cdots, h_i,\cdots, h_{k-1}=d)$ and $(0, h_{k-1}-h_{k-2}, h_{k-1}-h_{k-3},\cdots,h'_i=h_{k-1}-...
1
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3
answers
554
views
Surface analog of clothoid: curvatures covering $\mathbb{R}$
The clothoid $C$, a.k.a. the Euler spiral,
is one among many curves with
the property that its curvatures cover $\mathbb{R}$
in the sense that, for every $x \in \mathbb{R}$,
there is a point $p \in C$ ...
1
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1
answer
658
views
Smooth structures on closed $3$-manifolds are unique up to diffeomorphism?
Hi!
I'm using the theorem stated in the question, but so far, I haven't found a source that does explicitely state and prove it or at least give a proper citation. It must be me though, since the ...
1
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1
answer
127
views
Computational Geometric Aspects of Greedy Tour Expansion
Has the following problem already been investigated from the Computational Geometry point of view and what are the results regarding worst case complexity?
Given
a finite set $\mathcal{P}...
1
vote
2
answers
1k
views
projection formula for birational map
Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety of dimension $n$ , and $D$ be a divisor. Suppose the linear system $|D|$ induce a birational map $$f: X -\to Y, $$ and let $H$ be the very ample line bundle ...
1
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2
answers
71
views
Expectation of $\left| \frac{(\textbf{x}+\textbf{y})^{H} \textbf{x} }{\| \textbf{x} + \textbf{y} \|^2} \right|^2$, with complex Gaussians?
Given that following two random variables $\textbf{x} \sim \mathcal{CN}(\textbf{0}_{M},\sigma_{x}^{2}\textbf{I}_{M})$ and $\textbf{y} \sim \mathcal{CN}(\textbf{0}_{M},\sigma_{y}^{2}\textbf{I}_{M})$ ...
1
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2
answers
232
views
Find $\inf_{P_{X_1,X_2}}P_{X_1,X_2}(\|X_1-X_2\| > 2\alpha)$ , where $\alpha > 0$ and inf is over couplings
Let $\mathcal X$ be a seperable Banach space with norm $\|\cdot\|$, and let $X_1$ and $X_2$ be random vectors on $\mathcal X$ with finite means.
Question. Given $\alpha > 0$, what is value of, ...
1
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1
answer
456
views
Is this a full rank matrix? [closed]
According to the answer of znt to the previous version, I revise the question as follows:
Is there a real $(n-1)\times n$ matrix $A$
such that $A$ is not a full rank matrix and satisfy $a_{ii}&...
1
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1
answer
2k
views
About isomorphism of $PGL(2)$ and $SO(3)$ [closed]
I need to prove that $PGL_2(\mathbb{R})\cong SO_3(\mathbb{R})$. Abstract considerations show that both can be identified with the group of projective motions of a conic curve. But maybe there is more ...
1
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1
answer
465
views
Fibration when central fibre is a Calabi-Yau variety with canonical singularities
Let $f\colon X\to Y$ be a surjective proper holomorphic fibre space such that $X$ and $Y$ are projective varieties and central fibre $X_0$ is Calabi-Yau variety with canonical singularities, then can ...
1
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0
answers
247
views
partially commutative monoid [closed]
Let $G$ be a simple graph with vertex $I$ and edge set $E$. I am defining $M(G)$ to be the quotient of the free monoid $I^*$ on $I$ by the relations $ab=ba$ and $c^2 = 1$ whenever $\{a,b\} \notin E(G)$...
1
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0
answers
150
views
How many critical points can you have below a Fibonacci term in an algebra of elementary embeddings?
In this question, I asked about how slowly the Fibonacci terms in a algebra of elementary embeddings could grow, but I did not inquire if there was a limit to how quickly the Fibonacci terms could ...
1
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2
answers
549
views
Prove Liouville theorem without using mean value property
How can I prove the following Liouville theorem without using the mean value property?
If $u$ is harmonic on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}|\nabla u|^2 dx \leq C$ for some $C > 0$, then $...
1
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1
answer
394
views
joining or coupling
given two shift invariant measures in the Bernoulli space $\{0,1\}^{\mathbb{N}}$, is there a way to construct joinings of them? It's very diffcult, in general, to find exactly the minimal joining i.e, ...
1
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1
answer
87
views
On the marginal distributions of an absorbed diffusion
This question can be seen as a variant of the post Bounded density for diffusions with diffusion coefficients bounded away from $0$ by Iosif Pinelis. Namely, consider the diffusion
$$X_t=\int_0^t a(s,...
1
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1
answer
291
views
Truncated sums of symmetric polynomials; reference request for an algebraic derivation
EDIT: This is a case of being too wrapped up in a formulation
($e_j,p_i,$ and the like) to try something simple. It did not
occur to me to pull exp to the outside in the weeks I have
stared at this. ...
1
vote
0
answers
169
views
A series of conjectures on $\sum_{x=0}^{(p-1)/2}(\frac{x^5+cx^3+dx}p)$ (I)
Let $p$ be an odd prime. Here I introduce the sum
$$S_p(c,d):=\sum_{x=0}^{(p-1)/2}\left(\frac{x^5+cx^3+dx}p\right)$$
with $c,d\in\mathbb Z$, where $(\frac{\cdot}p)$ is the Legendre symbol.
I have a ...
1
vote
1
answer
185
views
Is a polytope with vertices on a sphere and all edges of same length already rigid?
Let's say $P\subset\Bbb R^d$ is some convex polytope with the following two properties:
all vertices are on a common sphere.
all edges are of the same length.
I suspect that such a polytope is ...
1
vote
0
answers
142
views
Non-trivial lower bound on the number of "Graph Diagonals"
The definition of Graph Diagonals, that are the subject of this question, is based on the notions of crossing edges and on connected graphs:
Two edges $AC$ and $BD$ of a complete, symmetric and ...
1
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0
answers
106
views
Hard instances for this graph isomorphism algorithm based on powers of weighted adjacency matrices?
In short, I found an algorithm for GI and the only hard instances
I found so far are non-isomorphic strongly regular graphs with
large automorphism groups.
Q1 What are hard instances for the ...