# All Questions

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### (Reference) Asymptotics of hitting probability by Brownian motion

The problem is: Given compact set A with positive finite volume (eg. ball,cube), what happens to $P_{x}(T_{A}>t)$ as $t\to \infty$, where $T_{A}=inf_{t>0}(B_{t}\in A)$ and x is in the "exterior" ...
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### Is the Cassels-Tate pairing defined for elliptic curves over function fields?

The Cassels-Tate pairing is typically defined for elliptic curves (or abelian varieties) over number fields, but it seems like it should be defined for elliptic curves over function fields as well. ...
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### Is a rigid cycle a chordal graph?

There are two relevant questions: (1) We know an edge set $C$ is a rigid cycle in $\mathcal{G}_2(n)$ if and only if $|E(C)|=2|V(C)|−2$ and $|F|≤2|V(F)|−3$ for every proper subset $F$ of $E(C)$. Thus, ...
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### Population Variance PDF given Sample Variance [on hold]

I require the pdf of the population variance (v2) conditioned on the sample variance (s2). I know that (n-1)s2/p2 follows a chi-squared distribution but can it be applied in the other direction? ...
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### Perturbing moments of multivariable distributions

Let $P$ be a multivariate probability distribution on $\mathbb R^n$ which is moment-determinate and let $\{m_k : k \in \mathbb N_0^n\}$ be the sequence of moments $P$. Fix an order $p$ and consider ...
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### Gauss Codes that produce classical knots as opposed to virtual knots

I have been doing some research in Gauss codes and have been reading Kauffman's paper Virtual Knot Theory. In section 3.3, Theorem 2, he states that If $K$ is a virtual knot whose underlying Gauss ...
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### Extreme unit linear functional not norming a vector

If $E$ is a non-reflexive Banach space then there exists a linear functional $\lambda \in E^*$ of norm one such that $\lambda v < 1$ for all $v \in E$ of norm one. However, in the only ...
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### Geodesics in finite groups

It seems that I can generalize a result from compact, connected Lie groups to finite groups, but in order to do so, I need to have some kind of geodesics on finite groups. Below is a proposition for ...
548 views

### About the hypothesis of Zorn's lemma

The proofs I know of Zorn's lemma give the following refinement: Let $(X,<)$ be a partially ordered set such that every well-ordered subset of $X$ has an upperbound. Then $X$ has a maximal ...
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### Löwenheim–Skolem as an argument for discrete mathematics? [on hold]

At least as far as first-order theories go, one could construe the (downward) Löwenheim–Skolem theorem as an incentive to invest more in discrete models rather than in continuous ones. This would ...
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+100

### What is the decomposition group at $p$ in the Galois group unramified outside $\ell?$

Let $p\ne\ell$ be two prime numbers, and let $K_{\ell}$ be the maximal extension of $\mathbb Q$ ramified only at $\ell$ and $\infty$ (i.e. it is the fixed subfield of $\overline{\mathbb Q}$ by all the ...
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### Poincare duality for (co)homology of Lie algebras?

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $\mathfrak{g}$ a Lie $R$-algebra that has an $R$-module basis with $n$ elements. In Algebra, Geometry, and Software Systems by Joswig & Takayama on p.200 it ...
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### some computational result on Hurwitz zeta function

According to Wolfram Alpha (an online computation tool), one representation of the Hurwitz zeta-function is that \zeta(s, a) = \frac{1}{2a^{s}} + \frac{a^{1 - s}}{s - 1} + 2 ...
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### Regularity of the Minkowski functionnal of a convex

Let $K$ be a convex compact set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with $0 \in \overset{\circ}{K}$. The Minkowski functional associated to K is: \begin{align*} \varphi_K(x):= \inf \left\{t>0 \; : \; tx \in K ...
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### Normal Form of Homotopy Pure Braids?

It is well known that a pure braid has a normal form (also called the combed form). Namely, let $P_n$ be the set of pure braids of $n$ strands and let $d_i:P_n\to P_{n-1}$ be the $i$th "forgetting ...
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### relations between nori motives and pure motives

The category of Nori motives $NMM$ is defined by tools of graph category. I think one can similarly define a category $EM$ as the graph category of $P(k)$ (the graph of projective smooth k-varieties) ...
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### Can we define log-convex operators?

Let $I\subset\mathbb{R}$. A function $f:I\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$, is said to be log-convex if $\log f$ is convex or equivalently for all $x,y\in I$ and $\alpha\in [0,1]$ f(\alpha x+(1-\alpha)y)\leq ...
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### Higher vector spaces

As far as I know there are different ways to categorify the notion of vector space/module. These appear (for example) when trying to find extended TQFTs. There are at least two ways (presented at ...
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We make the following two assumptions: Assume that the vector set Ω is a closed convex set, and is bounded as well (We can simply consider that the vector set is a n-dimensional Euclid space.). We ...
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### Nim and the Sierpinski Gasket

(I discovered this in high school, sent it off to a journal, never heard back, and forgot about it. I've never found anyone else who appeared to know about it; the combinatorial game theorists I've ...
128 views

### Rational functions and polynomials evaluated on a set of points

Let $S$ be a collection of points on the real line. Let $\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n$ take values in $S$. Consider a polynomial $p(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)$ over $\mathbb R[x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n]$ of degree $d$ which ...
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### The continuum hypothesis for packing shapes without overlapping

Consider the finite cross $C$ (=union of line segments $\overline{(0, -1)(0, 1)}$ and $\overline{(-1, 0)(1, 0)}$) and the unit half-circle $H$. It is easy to see that we may pack continuum-many ...
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### Sobolev spaces of maps between manifolds and the Palais-Smale Condition

I'm currently reading some papers by Uhlenbeck on harmonic maps. She mentions the following facts: Let $M^m$ and $N^n$ be compact Riemannian manifolds, $N$ embedded isometrically into Euclidean ...
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### Tracy-Widom distribution - Phase transitions - catastrophe/chaos - 'surface-fit'/'curve-fit' software [on hold]

There's an article that interested me about asymmetric distributions: http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20141015-at-the-far-ends-of-a-new-universal-law/ This mentions the finding that ...
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### Analytic extension of the exterior Newtonian potential into the domain

I just want to know for a domain with smooth boundary whether exterior Newtonian potential has singular analytic extension into the domain or into a part of the domain. Definition of Newtonian ...
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### Is the regularity of finitely generated rings decidable?

Q: Is there an algorithm to decide whether a given finitely generated (over $\mathbb{Z}$) commutative ring is regular? I mean by regular that the localization at every prime ideal is a regular local ...
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### Form of the Shannon capacity for Heptagon?

Is the $0$-error capacity of $7$-cycle: $(1)$ known to be of form $7^q$ for some $q\in \mathbb Q$?
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### Floating point evaluation with taylor series and matlab [on hold]

I know how to do part (a) and I know that f2 is better at avoiding the pit falls, but I'm not entirely sure why, I know it has to do with catastrophic cancelation. I also don't know how to relate the ...
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### Average entropy of quantum system in bipartite pure state for finite temperature

[I got halfway through writing this when I found the paper that answers the question in (essentially) the affirmative. I'll post it anyways in case anyone is interested.] Background: If a random ...
226 views

### A question from the proof of affine algebraic group is a linear

In (some version of) the proof of the fact that any affine algebraic group is a linear algebraic group, there is an important step as follows (for example in Borel's book "Linear Algebraic Groups", ...
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Let G be a reductive group over a local field F. Let O be the ring of integers of F. The following are equivalent (and groups satisfying these conditions are called unramified): (a) G is quasisplit ...
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### Linearly constrained eigenvalue problem

Suppose I'd like to: \begin{align} \mathop{\text{min}}_\mathbf{x} && \mathbf{x}^T\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} \\ \text{subject to:} && \mathbf{x}^T \mathbf{M} \mathbf{x} = 1\\ && ...
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### How to prove a relation holds almost surely? [closed]

Let's assume x(t) and y(t) are to random processes. How should we prove a relation say x(t)>y(t) holds almost surely? Thanks in advance.
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### Isotropy of Apollonian disk-packing

Is there any sense in which the "epsilon-tail" of an Apollonian disk-packing (by which I mean the union of the disks of radius less than epsilon) exhibits more and more statistical isotropy as epsilon ...
830 views

### Does the Gamma function preserve integers?

Does the Gamma function $\Gamma: \mathbb{C} \to \mathbb{C}$ preserve the Kummer ring $\mathbb{Z}[\exp(2\pi\imath/m)]$? And if not, then what about the Gaussian integers $\mathbb{Z}[\imath]$ or the ...
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### Conditions conformal mapping to be expansive

Let $\Omega' \subset \Omega$ be simply connected domains in the complex plane. The Riemann mapping theorem tells us that there a biholomorphism $f: \Omega' \to \Omega$. What conditions guarantee that ...
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### Coding for channels with concentrated error

A note: I accidentally over-simplified my first attempt at this question to the point of triviality - unfortunately, I didn't recognize this until after I had already placed a bounty to draw ...
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### Points with pairwise integer distances in the plane

Consider $n>3$ points with pairwise integer distances in the plane! What is the relationship between these $n(n-1)/2$ integers? Do we have a theorem or result about these points? Does there exist a ...
Several Wikipedia articles claim that the relationship between the Euler class $e(V)$ and the top Pontryagin class $p_k(V)$ of an oriented $2k$-dimensional real vector bundle $V$ corresponds, via the ...