# All Questions

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### Polynomial invariants for unoriented links

I have seen that usually one finds polynomial invariants for oriented links (for example the Jones polynomial, the Hompfly polynomial). Does anyone know what polynomial invariants exist for ...
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### SVD of sum of a symmetric matrix and a banded matrix [on hold]

The SVD of the sum of a symmetric square matrix and an appropriately sized identity matrix can be written as following: $A^TA + \lambda I = V(\Sigma + \lambda I)V^T$ where $\Sigma$ contains the ...
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### How to prove that the set of maximal elements of a set of prime ideals is finite

Let $A$ be a subset of ${\rm Spec}(R)$ with $R$ noetherian Are there any techniques to prove that ${\rm max}(A)$ (ie the set of maximal elements of $A$) is finite? I'm looking for equivalent ...
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### What is the most efficient algorithmic implementation of maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform? [on hold]

What is the most efficient algorithmic implementation of maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT)?
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### A generalization of SOCA

Roughly speaking, SOCA (Semi Open Coloring Axiom) says that for an open coloring of the unordered pairs over an uncountable separable metric space you can always find an uncountable homogeneous subset ...
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### Weak convergence in $W^{1,p}_0$

Note from the answerer : this question stems from this article. I ask this question in http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1206617 I have a bounded sequence $(u_n)$ from $W^{1,p}_0(\Omega)$ so ...
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### embdedding standard models of PA into nonstandard models [migrated]

Maybe it's well known to experts, but is there always an embedding $f$ of the standard model of Peano arithmetic into a nonstandard model? By Peano arithmetic I mean its first-order version, with the ...
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### Notions of consistency / heterogeneity in sets of vector values?

The problem Let us consider a row vector u of size $n\in\mathbb{N}$, containing only binary values (0,1): $$u=(u_1 \cdots u_n), n\in\mathbb{N}$$ $$\forall i \in \{1\ldots n\}, u_i \in\{0,1\}$$ I ...
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### How to prove a certain theorem about algebraic function fields [on hold]

This question concerns a point from the book David Goldschmidt, Algebraic Functions and Projective Curves, 2001 (link). Let $K$ be a finitely generated extension of $k$ of transcendence degree ...
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### Does a (non-closed) differential 1-form define a curve? [on hold]

I am trying to understand under what conditions the following procedure properly defines a curve. Take a manifold $M$ with a (non-closed) 1-form $B$ and an exact 1-form $dA$. Define the functions ...
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### When does a symmetric Poisson manifold decompose into homogeneous pieces?

When people study representations, they pay a lot of attention to the irreducible ones. This is justified by the fact that, roughly speaking, every unitary representation decomposes into a direct ...
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### Polyhedra containing hexagones only [on hold]

It is well-known that Euler's theorem gives raison d'être to polyhedra containing exactly 12 pentagons if they are connected by 3 in a vertex. The number of hexagons may be arbitrary (in fact >1). In ...
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### why the split extension of a quasicyclic $2$-group $C$ by the cyclic group is not finite by abelien [on hold]

Let $G$ be split extension of a quasicyclic $2$-group $C$ by the cyclic group of ordre 2 generated by the inversion automorphism of $C$ it is clear that $G$ is abelien by (finite cyclic) but why $G$ ...
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### Can real-valued Markov processes with continuous surjective sample paths admit a non-trivial “forward-invariant” set?

I have both a more general question (concerning stopping times), and then a more specific application (as described in the title). Let $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},(\mathcal{F}_t)_{t \geq 0},\mathbb{P})$ be ...
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### Toral rank conjecture

In 1985, S.~Halperin conjectured in the topological context of maximal free torus actions on topological manifolds, that: If $X$ is a topological space, then $$\dim H^*(X;\mathbb Q)\geq 2^{rk(X)}.$$ ...
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### Root in positive Weyl chamber

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a complex simple Lie algebra. We fix a Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{t}\subset \mathfrak{g}$. Let $R\subset \mathfrak{t}^*$ the set of roots. We fix $\Pi\subset R$ the set of ...
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### Lower boundedness of the Ricci curvature [on hold]

I know that this is going to be slightly vague, but it's itching me: why is lower boundedness of the Ricci curvature required by some of the very important theorems in Riemannian geometry? The ...
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### Geometry of rings and semi-rings

Basically, I wonder whether a theory similar to geometric group theory has been or could be developed for rings and semirings. One direction would be the following. Consider $\mathbb{N}$ (with the ...
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### Is $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k^2)$ bounded by a constant $M$?

I know $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k)$ is bounded by a constant. How about $\sum_{k=1}^{n} \sin(k^2)$?
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### Dense symmetric unitary integer matrix?

Can someone give me a nontrivial example of a symmetric unitary integer matrix? I'm looking for something as dense as possible (i.e., not too many 0's); 5 <= size <= 8 would be ideal.
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### Square-free sieve over number fields

I am trying to work on extending various methods to study square-free values of polynomials (or more generally, $k$-free values) over general rings of integers, and a literature review has yielded ...
176 views

### $\mathcal S(\mathbb R^n) \hat \otimes_\pi \mathcal S(\mathbb R^m) \simeq \mathcal S(\mathbb R^{n+m})$?

If $S(\mathbb R^n)$ is the Scwartz space of smooth rapidly decaying functions equipped with the topology generated by the family of semi-norms \mathcal N_p (\varphi)= \sum_{|\alpha|, |\beta| \leq p} ...
232 views

### Proof theory and the generalized Riemann hypothesis [on hold]

Is there a disproof of the following? CONJECTURE: Let $\chi$ be a Dirichlet character modulo $q$. Let $\varepsilon$ be a positive number with $0 < \varepsilon < \frac{1}{2}$. Let $T$ be a ...
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### What is $\int (1-e^{-x})^n dx$? [on hold]

For my purposes, $n$ is a non-negative integer, and $x > 0$. I didn't know how to evaluate this integral, so I plugged it into Mathematica. It told me the solution is $(-1)^n B(e^x; -n, n+1)$ I ...
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### Is there a generalization of Polya urns to continuous outcome event?

Take for example the simplest model where there are n blue balls and m white balls in an urn. Then, in a first step realization, a white one has been drawn and then c + 1 of this colour had been put ...
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### Is surjectivity for morphisms of schemes local on the domain?

It is said so in Knutson's book 'algebraic sapces' in several places for different topologies on schemes, see Chapt. I, 2.19 for Zariski top, 3.13 for flat top., 4.11 for etale topology. But this ...
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### Number of “small” subsets to a “large” set [migrated]

For the following we assume the axiom of choice. Let $X$ be a set of cardinality $l$ for some infinite cardinal number $l$, and let $p(X)$ be the number of subsets of $X$ that have cardinality ...
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### Conditions for monotone function to take maximal chains to maximal chains surjectively

Suppose that $P$ and $Q$ are graded posets (with rank function $r$) and suppose that all maximal chains of $P$ and $Q$ have length $n$. Let $f:P \to Q$ be a surjective monotone function such that ...
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### Scotts Theorem for one ended Fuchsian groups

in Peter Scott's work "Subgroups of Surface groups are almost geometric" is proven that for a closed surface $S$ and any fin. gen. subgroup $U$ of $G:=\pi_1(S,x)$ there exists a finitely sheeted ...
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### Subgroups generated by opposite root groups

Suppose $\mathbf{G}$ is a connected reductive (possibly non-split!) group over a field $F$, $\mathbf{S} \leq \mathbf{G}$ a maximal split subtorus and $\mathbf{Z} \leq \mathbf{G}$ its centralizer. For ...
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### orbit space of $\mathbb{Z}_p$ action over complex projective space by permuting the homogeneous coordinates

$Z_p$:=cyclic group of order $p$. I want to understnd $H_\ast(\mathbb{C} P^{n}/Z_{n+1};Z)$ with $(n+1)$ being a prime number,and the action is given by permuting the homogeneous coordinates. For ...
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### In set theory, is there a name for a function which maps the empty set to zero and all the others to one? [on hold]

I would like to avoid inventing something which might be standard. Thus, I'am asking if there is a name for a function which is defined as $f$: Let $S$ be any set, then $f(S)=0$ if $S$ is empty and ...
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I want to ask about references to papers, that probably exist, which explain the articles of Bernard Dwork starting from "The rationality of the zeta function of an algebraic variety" to "On the ...
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### A problem with pointwise stabilizer subgroups of fixed-point subspaces II

Definitions: Let $W$ be a representation of a group $G$, $K$ a subgroup of $G$, and $X$ a subspace of $W$. Let the fixed-point subspace $W^{K}:=\{w \in W \ \vert \ kw=w \ , \forall k \in K \}$. Let ...
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### Applications of set theory in physics

In the introduction of the paper "Links between physics and set theory", the following quote of Eris Chric is stated: ...
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### Simply connected Lie groups homeomorphic to R^n are solvable

I have found the following claim in many proofs "Simply connected Lie groups homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^n$ are solvable". But the universal covering of $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ satisfies the hypothesis of ...

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