# All Questions

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### Separating Two Groups of Data using Fisher's Linear Discriminant

I found an article (starting on page 8) that gives a neat method for finding the line/plane/hyperplane that maximizes the separation between two groups of data points in n-dimensions. It uses Fisher's ...
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### Orders in Central Simple Algebras. Applications

It is known that orders in quaternion algebras (over a number field) are used for constructing geometric objects like hyperbolic orbifolds and Shimura curves. Moreover, if one knows embedding ...
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### Is a finitely generated subgroup of a free profinite group virtually a retract?

Let $F$ be a nonabelian finitely generated free profinite group, and let $H \leq F$ be a finitely generated closed subgroup. Must there be some open subgroup $H \leq U \leq F$, and a closed normal ...
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### Closed geodesics avoiding points in hyperbolic surfaces

Let $\Sigma$ be a closed hyperbolic surface. Is it true that for any finite collection of points $x_1,\ldots,x_n\in\Sigma$ there exists a closed geodesic $\gamma$ containing none of them? Remark: It ...
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### Limiting Ratio of Solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations

I'm trying to find the limit of the ratio of two functions $\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} \frac{f(t)}{g(t)}$ but only have the initial conditions and the differential equations they solve, but the ...
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### Have heat kernels for generalized Laplacians on non-compact manifolds been constructed?

Let $M$ be a non-compact Riemannian manifold which is "nice enough", and $D$ a generalized Laplacian on it. The construction of the heat kernel for the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $M$ seems to be ...
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### Examples of Symplectic Questions Solved by Mirror Symmetry Translation'' to Complex Questions

According to the proponents of homological mirror symmetry, when a complex and symplectic manifold are mirror symmetric, we can take difficult questions about the symplectic space and transfer them ...
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### Density of restrictions of $p$-harmonic functions on a hypersurface

Let $\omega,\Omega\subset\mathbb R^n$, $n\geq2$, be bounded smooth domains so that $\bar\omega\subset\Omega$. Let $1<p<\infty$. Define the boundary space $B=W^{1,p}(\omega)/W^{1,p}_0(\omega)$; ...
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### BPP with expected polynomial time [on hold]

Suppose we change the definition of BPP to require the TM to run in expected polynomial time (such as in ZPP). Will the resulting class be equal to BPP, or larger? Thanks.
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### About adjacency matrices of $k-$shift lifts of graphs

I am finding the notation of cyclic lifts of graphs to be very confusing. Lets say one is looking at a cyclic $k-$lift of a $\vert V \vert$ sized graph. I would like to understand what is the ...
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### Is there a standard notation for off-diagonal transpose?

Given a matrix $A=\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}$, its transpose, obviously, is $A^T=\begin{pmatrix}a&c\\b&d\end{pmatrix}$. But is there a conventional way of notating the matrix ...
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### Example of torsion in orientable manifolds?

An orientable manifold can have torsion in its integer homology. But I believe by Poincare duality the manifold must be at least 4-dimensional -- isn't that right? Anyway are there simple examples ...
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### Generating the sigma algebras on the set of probability measures

I was wondering if somebody could help me see/provide a reference to the following fact: Let $X$ be a metrizable set, $\mathcal{F}$ the corresponding Borel sigma-algebra on $X$, and ...
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### Bar Construction Model of Ring Spectrum Quotient

Suppose I am given a morphism $f:BG\to BGL_1(R)$ for $R$ some at least $E_1$-ring spectrum and $G$ a loop space. Then This corresponds, I believe, to an action of $G$ on $R$, coming from a morphism ...
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### For a mathematician that English is not the native language, does he/she think in english or graph or native language? [on hold]

For example, if you are a mathematician with Chinese the native language. During your research you find most of the books or papers are in English, of course when you read them, you probably will ...
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### Continuous self-information

Let $I(X,Y)$ be the mutual information between two continuous random variables $X$ and $Y$. We have $I(X,Y) = H(X)-H(X|Y)$, and setting $X=Y$ leads to $I(X,X) = H(X)-H(X|X)$. If $X$ was discrete, ...
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### Intersection Matrix of a resolution

Probably this is a very easy question. Let $f:X\rightarrow S$ be a resolution of a projective surface such that $$K_X = f^{*}K_S+\sum_ia_iE_i$$ with $a_i>0$. By Grauert-Mumford theorem the ...
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### A Krull-Schmidt Theorem for Lie groups?

I wondered whether there is an analogue of the Krull-Schmidt theorem for real Lie-groups. More precisely, what conditions do you have to impose on a connected finite dimensional Lie group $G$ so that ...
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### Categorical proof subgroups of free groups are free?

This is a crossport of this question from MSE. Is there a categorical proof that subgroups of free groups are free? How about the result that subgroups of free abelian groups are free abelian? ...
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### Iterative Calculation? [on hold]

Apologies, as I do not know how to phrase this question in the correct terms; however, I will try my best. I have an equation that looks like this: D = A - B - C However, C = ( [A - B] * X ) Is ...
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### Why is “The Higman Rope Trick” thus named?

I'm studiyng Higman's Embedding Theorem, and a fundamental part of the proof is the following lemma: If R is a benign normal subgroup of finitely generated group F, then F/R can be embedded in a ...
Does someone have a reference for the proof of 4.72 page 134 of Einstein Manifolds? It is said that $$\check{R}-\vert R\vert^2g/4=S/3 (Ric-S/4) +2\mathring{W}(Ric -S/4)$$ because we are in dimension ...
Will you please help me prove the following limit is zero ? $lim_{x \to \infty} \int_0^{\infty} \frac{1-e^{-u^4}}{u^2} cos(x\cdot u) du$ Thanks in advance