# All Questions

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### Dimensions of dual vector spaces

Let $V_F$ be an infinite dimensional right $F$-vector space (over a field $F$, or even over a division ring). The dual space $V^{\ast}={\rm Hom}(V,F)$ is naturally a left $F$-vector space (coming ...
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### Is there any significance in Heegner numbers (or class number 1) representation symmetry?

$\mathrm{A003173}(n) = 1+((1 + \sqrt{3})^{n-1} - (1 - \sqrt{3})^{n-1})/(2\sqrt{3})$ for n = 1,2,3,4. $\mathrm{A003173}(n) = 19+24((1 + \sqrt{3})^{n-6} - (1 - \sqrt{3})^{n-6)})/(2\sqrt{3})$ for n = ...
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### A question about generating set of groups and epimorphism

Do there exist non-isomorphic finitely generated groups, $G$ and $H$, along with epimorphisms $\phi:G\rightarrow H$ and $\psi:H\rightarrow G$, such that every generating set of these groups is an ...
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### What are some examples of colorful language in serious mathematics papers? [closed]

The popular MO question "Famous mathematical quotes" has turned up many examples of witty, insightful, and humorous writing by mathematicians. Yet, with a few exceptions such as Weyl's "angel of ...
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### Inapproximability of Combinatorial Optimization Problems

I've been reading the "Inapproximability of Combinatorial Optimization Problems" by Luca Trevisan (see: link). On pages 3-4 it mentions that a polynomial time algorithm for 3SAT would exist if there ...
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### affecting the final result of function depending on external factor [on hold]

Suppose I have a function f(x) = x / (x+y) whose range is in the interval [0,1] and there is an external factor say a, such that a is in the interval [0,1], moreover, a predefined threshold t: when ...
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### How can I filter the effects of a variable from a correlation matrix?

I have a correlation matrix (it contains 500 columns and 500 rows) and I would like to make an other correlation matrix in which one variable (and its influences) is filtered from the initial matrix. ...
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### Minimum weight odd cycle with certain edge pairs forbidden

Given a weighted graph $G=(V,E)$ and several disjoint sets $S_1, \dots, S_t \subset E$ of edges, is there a polynomial-time algorithm to find a minimum weight odd cycle which does not contain more ...
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### Maximization of the difference of a monotone submodular function and a linear function with a cardinality constraint

Maximizing a monotone submodular function with a cardinality constraint can be solved by using a simple greedy heuristic. However, if the submodular function is non-monotone, the greedy heuristic can ...
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### Monoidal product over database table entries

We have seen from Spivak that database schemas are categories, having tables as objects and relationships as morphisms. I am wondering if we can have a monoidal product over objects, that is, over ...
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### History of the functor of points

Until now, I thought the functor of points approach was introduced by Grothendieck at the 1973 Buffalo seminar. However, in this note by Lawvere the author writes: "I myself had learned the ...
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### How to get a good upper bound on $\sum_{1 \lt d, d|n} \phi(d)/\log d$?

I'm actually interested in a slightly smaller quantity, but I'm willing to accept the following simplification, especially if there are small error terms. Let's start with $n \gt 1$, Euler's totient ...
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### Multiplicative Structure of the Atiyah-Hirzebruch/Leray-Serre spectral sequence

This is related to this question (edit: now answered, see below). Is there a nice explanation of the multiplicative structure on the higher pages of that spectral sequence? I want to assume that $h$ ...
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### Famous mathematical quotes [closed]

Some famous quotes often give interesting insights into the vision of mathematics that certain mathematicians have. Which ones are you particularly fond of? Standard community wiki rules apply: one ...
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### On compact, orientable 3-manifolds with non-empty boundary

I recall my Professor having stated something along the lines of the following, but I am not quite certain about the precise statement she gave: Let $M$ be a compact, orientable 3 manifold with ...
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### Locally nilpotent derivations on noncommutative rings

I am interested on LNDs on noncommutative rings, specially noncommutative polynomial rings. I have found only some stuff related to the Weyl algebras and Lie algebras. Anyone can tell me a ...
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### Vanishing ideal of a finite set of points does not have expected amount of cones in Gröbner fan

I am reading the paper A Gröbner fan method for biochemical network modeling. In Chapter 4.3 (i.stack.imgur.com/h2O8B.png) they calculate the vanishing ideal of some tuples (input points of Series ...
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### Are there open problems for primes which are known for probable primes?

Define "probable prime" (PP) to be natural $n>1$ satisfying $2^{n-1} \equiv 1 \pmod{n}$ or $n=2$. Probable primes are the union of the primes and base two pseudoprimes. This definition is much ...
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### Is the (super-)symmetric power of the exterior algebra free?

Let $V$ be a vector space over $k$ of dimension $m$. (I'm only interested in the case $k=\mathbb{Q}$.) Let $R:=\Lambda^*V$ be the exterior algebra. It carries the structure of a supercommutative ring: ...
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### Regularity result for Neumann problem

I have two questions. On Elliptic regularity for the Neumann problem, the OP asked whether the test function $v$ must be of mean value zero. However, isn't it true that we only need $f$ is of mean ...
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### Term for meshes bounding a non-degenerate tetrahedral mesh in 3D?

Is there a term in the literature referring to triangle meshes that are the closed boundary of some non-self-intersecting, non-degenerate tetrahedral mesh embedded in $R^3$? This class of triangle ...
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### How does one justify funding for mathematics research?

G. H. Hardy's A Mathematician's Apology provides an answer as to why one would do mathematics, but I'm unable to find an answer as to why mathematics deserves public funding. Mathematics can be ...
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### Every finitely generated flat module over a ring with finitely many minimal primes is projective

Over a commutative ring $R$, a finite type locally free (weak sense) module for which the rank function is locally constant is projective. If we notice that for each minimal prime $p$ of the ring, ...
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### Covering of a surface of a cube $n\times n \times n$ by pieces of paper $1\times 6$

When I was too young one of my problems was in the list of problems of All-Russian Olympiad. The problem is the following: Problem. We have a surface of a cube $n\times n \times n$ such that each ...
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### Examples of theorems with proofs that have dramatically improved over time

I am looking for examples of theorems that may have originally had a clunky, or rather technical, or in some way non-illuminating proof, but that eventually came to have a proof that people consider ...
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### Is spectral properties a general term for condition number?

I am reading an article about solving large sparse linear systems, in this paper it’s said that most of the iterative methods to solve $Ax = b$ are very much influenced by the spectral properties of ...
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### A single paper everyone should read? [closed]

Different people like different things in math, but sometimes you stand in awe before a beautiful and simple, but not universally known, result that you want to share with any of your colleagues. Do ...
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### “Database” of simplicial polytopes/spheres

Reading through various papers on polytopes I have come across really interesting examples of simplical polytopes and non-shellable (or non-PL) simplicial spheres but sometimes it is hard to keep ...
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### Binary Nonlinear Optimization Problem Transform to Continuous Form

Hi I have a mixed binary NLP problem $$min\: f(x)$$ s.t. $$g_i(x)<=0$$ $$h_j(x)=0$$ $$x_k=1\text{ or }0$$ I know the optimal of f(x) is approximately 0, so can I ...
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### How are the real-space RG transformations defined?

I'm reading Shang-keng Ma's book Modern theory of critical phenomena, and I'm a bit confused as to how the real-space RG transformations are defined. Ma basically says that these transformations are ...
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### Examples of eventual counterexamples

Define an "eventual counterexample" to be $P(a) = T$ for $a < n$ $P(n) = F$ $n$ is sufficiently large for $P(n) = T\ \ \forall n \in \mathbb{N}$ to be a 'reasonable' conjecture to make. where ...
Let $A$ be a finite dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field $K$. If $A$ is semisimple, then $A$ is Morita equivalence with a commutative algebra, that is $A \backsim K^n$ where $n$ is ...
I dont really understand how to reduce the index of DAEs ? Does Reducing the index of DAE result in an ODE ? How would I reduce the index of the DAE by Hand ? Say I have :  \begin{matrix} ...