# All Questions

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### density function time series

I have a time series of density functions, say A1-A5. Each density function is defined as $f(x)=\Sigma_{i=1}^{N} \beta(x-a_i)$, where $\beta$ is a smoothing function (e.g., gaussian or delta), and N ...
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### What's the difference between Euler systems and Kolyvagin systems?

Is there a difference between Euler systems and Kolyvagin systems - or do they refer to the same thing? For example there is the Heegner point Euler system, but you don't really see a Heegner point ...
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### Calculus II Function Construction [on hold]

I need help please! Construct a function that is continuous and non-negative [0,1], with the property that the area under the function on [0,1] is finite yet the arc length on [0,1] is infinite.
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### Fiber bundle in smooth category and topological category

Let $M$ be a smooth manifold and $G$ be a Lie group. Denote by $Bun(M,G)$ the set of all equivalent smooth Principal bundles on $M$ with structural group $G$ in smooth category. And denote by ...
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### When is a $2$-Calabi–Yau triangulated category the cluster category of a QP?

Keller–Reiten's main theorem in Acyclic Calabi–Yau categories implies that if $\mathcal{C}$ is a $2$-Calabi–Yau (algebraic) triangulated category admitting a cluster-tilting object $T$ such that the ...
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### Existence of a Lie algebra element orthogonal to the adjoint orbit of another element

Consider a compact, semi-simple, connected Lie group $G$ and its Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. Denote the Killing form by $K$. Given a single $A \in \mathfrak{g}$ when (i.e. which groups and which $A$) ...
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### Descriptive Complexity of Knot Equivalence

I was reading a little about knots (in a popular math book that wasn't very good) and the book put forth several knot invariants like the Alexander and Jones polynomials. But these are not complete ...
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### Is there an action functional for the s-dependent Floer equation?

The usual Floer equation (in local coordinates) \begin{equation*} \partial_su+J(t,u)(\partial_tu-X_{H_t}(u))=0 \end{equation*} is derived as the gradient flow of the symplectic action functional ...
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### Renorming into contraction

In Pazy's book on semigroups he mentions (page 18) that when you have a commuting family of operators $B(t)$, such that $$\sup \| B(t_1) .. B(t_n) \| \le M$$ for all finite choices $t_1, .. t_n$ ...
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### Are universally catenary equidimensional local rings Cohen-Macaulay? [on hold]

Cohen-Macaulay rings are universally catenary, I do not choose catenary rings because we can find catenary but not universally catenary rings at wiki Catenary ring. Cohen-Macaulay local rings are ...
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### Counterexample on completely distributive lattices

I would like to see an example of a complete lattice $C$ which is both a frame and a dual-frame, i.e. finite meets distribute over arbitrary joins and finite joins distribute over arbitrary meets ...
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### Is $K^0(X)\to K_0(X)$ monomorphic for a noetherian scheme $X$?

This question is related to the MO questions What is the difference between Grothendieck groups K_0(X) vs K^0(X) on schemes? and Does a fully faithful functor between triangulated categories induce ...
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### Harmonic spinors on closed hyperbolic manifolds

Does anyone know an example of a closed spin hyperbolic manifold of dimension 3 or greater such that the kernel of the Dirac operator is non-trivial? I'm mainly interested in the 3-dimensional case ...
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### Momentum a cotangent vector

Apparently one identifies the configuration space in physics often with a manifold $M$. The tangent bundle $TM$ is then the space of all possible positions and velocities. Furthermore, many sources ...
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### Bounding correlation between blocks of Gaussian stationary process

Let $X_n$ be a stationary Gaussian process with covariance function $\gamma(n)=\mathrm{Cov}[X(n),X(0)]$. Let $\mathbf{X}_p^q=(X_p,\ldots,X_q)$, $s_n^2=\mathrm{Var}(X_1+\ldots+X_n)$, and ...
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### Primes as uncorrelated random variables [on hold]

The heuristic justification section of the Wikipedia article about Goldbach's conjecture says that the argument that suggests that the number of twin primes below $x$ should be roughly ...
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### Biggest parallelogram inside the union of two translated parallelograms

If I have a parallelogram $P$ symmetric around the origin, and a vector $v$, such that $(P+v)\cap (P-v)$ is not empty, is there a simple way to obtain the parallelogram $Q\subset (P+v) \cup (P-v)$, ...
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### How many simple cycles can a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges have?

I am mainly interested in the smallest number of simple cycles a graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges must have. For example, if $m\le n-1$, this number is $0$, then if $n\le m \le 3(n-1)/2$, it is ...
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### Factoring constant rank maps into a submersion and an immersion

Let $X$ and $Z$ be smooth manifolds and $\phi: X \to Z$ a smooth map so that the differential $D \phi$ is everywhere of rank $d$. Is there necessarily a $d$-fold $Y$ so that $\phi$ factors as a ...
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### Examples of polynomials $x_1(t), x_2(t)$ such that $(x_1(t))^4 + (x_2(t))^4$ has a double root

Are there examples of polynomials $x_1(t), x_2(t) \in \mathbb{Q}[t]$ of equal degree at least one, with $\gcd(x_1(t), x_2(t)) = 1$, such that the sum $(x_1(t))^4 + (x_2(t))^4$ is divisible by the ...
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### Locally free sheaves and flat families of projective scheme

Let $f:X \to Y$ be a flat proper morphism of noetherian projective schemes and $\mathcal{F}$ is a coherent sheaf on $X$. Suppose for all $y \in Y$, $\mathcal{F} \otimes_{\mathcal{O}_Y} \mathcal{O}_y$ ...
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### Proj of some ring [on hold]

Let $R=\mathbb C[x_1,x_2,x_3,x_4,x_5,y_1,y_2,y_3,y_4,y_5]$ be the polynomial ring and let $S$ be the subalgebra generated by $x_1x_2x_3x_4x_5,x_1x_2x_3x_4y_5,\cdots, y_1y_2y_3y_4y_5$ (the generating ...
### An upper bound for the length of the continued fraction expansion of $\sqrt d$
Let $d\ge 2$ and let $$\sqrt d =[a_0; \overline{a_1,\dots, a_\ell, 2a_0}]$$ be its continued fraction expansion. Clearly, if $d=n^2+1$, then $\ell=0$, which gives the lower bound for $\ell$. ...