# All Questions

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### Why is there a $\sqrt{5}$ in Hurwitz's Theorem?

Hurwitz's theorem is an extension of Minkowski's Theorem and deals with rational approximations to irrational numbers. The theorem states: For every irrational number $\alpha$, there are infinitely ...
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### How do we respond to the question, “What is mathematics?”? [on hold]

The mathematical community has offered various responses, depending on who was asking, and depending on what century it was, and other variables. The Wikipedia article "Definitions of mathematics" ...
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### Is a non-trivial finite perfect group of order 4n?

A finite group $G$ is perfect if $G = G^{(1)} := \langle [G,G] \rangle$, or equivalently, if any $1$-dimensional complex representation is trivial. Question: Is a non-trivial finite perfect group of ...
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### Distortion of the Hausdorff dimension of sums of Cantor sets under local scaling

The following question deals with possible distortion of the Hausdorff dimension of sums of Cantor sets as one "zooms in" on the sum around any given point. Let us assume that $C_1$ and $C_2$ are two ...
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### Is there a perfect integral fusion category with PFdim = 2 mod 4?

A finite group $G$ is perfect if $G = G^{(1)} := \langle [G,G] \rangle$. Proposition: A finite group $G$ is perfect iff any $1$-dimensional complex representation of $G$ is trivial. proof: First if ...
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### examples of manifolds having two ends with $Ric \geqslant -(n-1)$ but not split

Let $M$ be an $n$-dim complete, non-compact Riemannian manifold with two ends. Then we can construct a line on $M$. If we assume that $Ric \geqslant 0$, by Cheeger-Gromoll's splitting theorem, the ...
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### Solve Higher ODE with boundary condition at infinity [on hold]

Given below is a second-order linear differential, $y''+Ay'+By=0$ The boundary conditions are: (a) $y(t=0)=1+H\frac{dy}{dt}$ (b) $y(t=\inf)=0$ Does a solution exist for this problem?
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### Moments of a random variable and of its conditional expectation

Let $X$ be a bounded random variable with $\mathbb{E}X=0$. Since $X$ is bounded, all its moments exist. Let $\mathcal{G}$ be any $\sigma$-field and let $Y:=\mathbb{E}[X|\mathcal{G}].$ I am interested ...
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### Is an explicit $c$ known to lead to a noncomputable Julia set?

Braverman & Yampolsky have shown that there exist noncomputable Julia sets, i.e., there exist $c \in \mathbb{C}$ such that the Julia set of $f(z) = c + z^2$ is not computable. "A set is ...
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### Differential operators between modules, $\mathcal{D}_A(M, M)$ necessarily a filtered, almost commutative ring?

See here. Does it follow immediately that $\mathcal{D}_A(M, M)$ as defined in the link is a filtered, almost commutative ring? How can I visualize this geometrically?
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### What technical and/or theoretical challenges are involved in automatically extracting proofs from books and papers into Coq code?

Over the years, advances in machine learning has allowed us to communicate and interact, using the same natural language, more and more semantically with computers, e.g. Google, Siri, Watson, etc. On ...
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### higher direct images of relative canonical sheaf plus a fractional divisor

For a map $f: Y \rightarrow X$ branched over simple normal crossing divisor $B=\sum_iB_i$, do we know of similar local freeness property for higher direct image of relative canonical sheaf plus a ...
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### profit and loss related aptitude qustion? [on hold]

A sold a watch to B at a gain of 5% and B sold it to C at a gain of 4%. If C paid Rs. 1902 for it, the price paid by A is?
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### Commutative von Neumann algebras and localizable measure spaces

This is not my subject so I apologize if my question is too obvious or understood from other pages. I read some pages such as Reference for the Gelfand-Neumark theorem for commutative von Neumann ...
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### An algebraics Hamiltonian vector field with a finite number of periodic orbits(2)

Is there a polynomial Hamiltonian $H:\mathbb{R}^{4}\to \mathbb{R}$ such that the number of nontrivial periodic orbits of the corresponding Hamiltonian vector field $X_{H}$ is finite but different ...
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### Intersections of ideals and nilpotence

Let $R$ be a polynomial ring over a field $k$, $R = k[x_1, \dots, x_n]$. Suppose $R'$ is an associative $R$-algebra and it has the property that there exists a degree $m<n$ monomial in the $x_i$'s ...
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### Infinite-dimensional admissible representations of SL(2,C)

I'm working in my research with the infinite dimensional (admissible) irreducible representations of $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{C})$ introduced by Harish-Chandra in his paper "Infinite Irreducible ...
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### Reduced products of (abelian and triangulated) categories: references?

For a filter $U$ on a set $X$ and for a family of categories $C_x$ indexed by $X$ I would like to consider the (corresponding categorical version of) reduced product of $C_x$ (for $x\in X$) with ...
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### Embedding finite lattices into the lattice of partitions of a finite set

For any set $X$ we denote by $\text{Part}(X)$ the set of all partitions of $X$, ordered by the refinement ordering. It is well known that this is a complete lattice for all sets $X$. Let $L$ be a ...
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### Relations between modular functions of certain $q$-continued fractions

Given the j-function $j:=j(\tau)$, and $q=e^{2\pi i\tau} = \exp(2\pi i\tau)$ where, for convenience, we set $\tau=\sqrt{-n}$. I. $\frac{A_2(q)}{A_1(q)} = \text{q-cfrac}:\;$ Icosahedral group ...
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### What is descent data (of higher categories), conceptually?

First consider a scheme $X$ with an open cover $\mathcal{U}=\{U_i\}$. An object with descent data on $\mathcal{U}$ is a collection $(\mathcal{E}_i,\phi_{ij})$ where $\mathcal{E}_i$ is a ...
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### Equivalence of “Weyl Algebra” and “Crystalline” definitions of rings of differential operators between modules?

Let $B$ be a commutative $A$-algebra, and let $M$, $N$ be two $B$-modules. We can talk about the set of $A$-linear module homomorphisms $M \to N$, i.e. the set $\text{Hom}_A(M, N)$. Differential ...
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### Stochastic integration with respect to Fractional Brownian Motion

I would like to know what can be said about integral process $X_t = \int_0^t e^{-sr} dB_s^H,t\in[0,\infty)$, where $B^H_t$ is Fractional Brownian Motion with Hurst parameter $H>\frac{1}{2}$, ...
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### Counterexamples for strengthening Whitehead's theorem?

Let $f:X\to Y$ be a pointed map of pointed connected $n$-dimensional CW complexes. Whitehead's theorem says that if $f_*:\pi_qX\to \pi_qY$ is an isomorphism for $q\le n$ and a surjection for $q=n+1$, ...
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### Is Zsigmondy's Theorem utilized in Sociology to the extent that a lay person might be familiar with its use? [on hold]

Is Zsigmondy's theorem somehow useful in sociological studies? Has it in some way been co-opted as a sociological term with a corresponding sociological theory, no matter how far off base from the ...
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I just came to this conjecture (proved by M.Raynaud and D.Harbater in 1994) last weekend, in Fresnel and v.d.Put's book Rigid Geometry and Its Applications. It claims that all quasi $p$-group $G$ ...
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### Proving inequation with ceilings in Finite Field of characteristic $p$

Take $ui = pt_i +j_i$ where $p$ is a prime number and $u(p-r) \equiv 1$ $(\mbox{mod p})$ for positive integers $1 \le i, r, j_i\le p-1$ and $t_i \ge 0$. How can I prove that: ...
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### Expected absolute value of the determinant of an $n$ by $n$ Toeplitz $(0,1)$ matrix

If $A$ is chosen uniformly over all $n$ by $n$ $(0,1)$-Toeplitz matrices, what is the expected absolute value of the determinant? Alternatively, what if anything is known about the determinant of ...
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### A quasicompact space with a net that contains no convergent strict subnet

If $x:\Lambda \rightarrow X$ is a net in a topological space $X$ and $\Lambda '\subseteq \Lambda$ is a cofinal subset of the directed set $\Lambda$, then $x|_{\Lambda '}$ is a subnet of $x$. We call ...
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### Geometric generic fibre

This is a pretty elementary question about schemes, but it came up in the course of research, so let's try it here rather than MSE. Question 1: Are the fibres of a family of complex varieties ...
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### Non-flat $R \subseteq S$, which is integral, separable, $R$ is a noetherian (not integrally closed) integral domain

On ramification theory in noetherian rings, of Auslander and Buchsbaum say: "Chapter 4 is devoted to showing that under various conditions if $S$ is unramified over $R$, then $S$ is $R$-projective. ...
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### Minimum value of $|p(1)|^2+|p(2)|^2 +…+ |p(n+3)|^2$ over all monic polynomials $p$

Let $n$ be a positive integer. Determine the smallest possible value of $|p(1)|^2+|p(2)|^2 +...+ |p(n+3)|^2$ over all monic polynomials $p$ of degree $n$. This question was proposed (problem ...
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### Are these two $q$-continued fractions equivalent?

In this MSE post, Nicco Mnisi defined a particular $q$-continued fraction of order $12$. More generally, define the cfrac found in Ramanujan's Notebooks, Vol III, Chap. 16, page 24, U(q) = ...
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### Coarsest admissible topology on $\text{Cont}(X,Y)$

Let $X, Y$ be topological spaces and let $\text{Cont}(X,Y)$ be the collection of continuous functions $f:X\to Y$. We say that a topology $\tau$ on $\text{Cont}(X,Y)$ is admissible if the evaluation ...
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### Thom Class of tensor bundles

Suppose $\xi$ and $\eta$ are oriented vector bundles over a CW-complex $B$. Is it possible to express the Thom class (with ${\mathbb Z}$ coefficients) of $\xi\otimes \eta$ or even ${\rm Sym}^2(\xi)$ ...
Treating the Cayley table of a group $G$ as a matrix $M_g$, one notices interesting things about its eigendecomposition. For instance, for the symmetric groups $\{S_n\}$, the rank of the Cayley table ...
I need to compute probabilities of the form $P( \Vert X \Vert_\infty < r ),$ where $X$ is a random variable of dimension $n$, drawn with a uniform distribution on the unit sphere ...