# All Questions

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### Is there a Riemann existence theorem for orbifolds?

For smooth algebraic varieties $X$ over $\mathbb{C}$, the Riemann existence theorem establishes an equivalence of categories between the category of finite etale covers of $X$ and finite unramified ...
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### Floquet-Bloch solutions of the quasiperiodic Schrödinger equation

I am concerned about the Schrödinger equation $-x''(t)+q(\omega t)x(t)=Ex(t).$ Here, the potential $q$ is real and quasiperiodic with frequency vector $\omega$. Equivalently, we may formulate this ...
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### how to efficiently compute the mean function for non-homogeneous poisson process?

Suppose that I know all intensity functions lambda(t) during given period [0,t], how can I compute the mean function m(t) for non-homogeneous Poisson process? Basically, m(t) in the integral of ...
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### Eigenvectors of a symmetric positive definite Toeplitz matrix

I wish to efficiently compute the eigenvectors of an n x n symmetric positive definite Toeplitz matrix K. A full eigendecomposition would be even better. Although I assumed this would be a well ...
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### How many k-subsets of the integers {1,…,n} sum to N?

Given the set of integers $S = \{1,..n\}$, how many subsets of $S$ with $k$ elements sum to $N\in \mathbb Z$?
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### Complete resolutions of GCH

Let's say that a "complete resolution of GCH" is a definable class function $F: \operatorname{Ord}\longrightarrow \operatorname{ Ord}$ such that $2^{\aleph_\alpha} = \aleph_{F(\alpha)}$ for all ...
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### Simple Isogeny Question

I'm looking for a reference of an isogeny fact that I've used many times but am having a hard time proving formally. One can define the degree of an isogeny as the degree of extension fields of the ...
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### transition matrix [on hold]

Gene mutation. Suppose a gene in a chromosome is of type $A$ or type $B$. Assume that the probability that a gene of type $A$ will mutate of type $B$ in one generation is $10-4$ and that a gene of ...
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### Nonperiodic points of homeomorphisms of a ball

Suppose $B$ is a $d$-dimensional ball (for some $d \geq 1$) and $T$ is a homeomorphism from $B$ to itself. Suppose also that $T$ is not of finite order (that is, for no $n \geq 1$ is it the case that ...
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### Does an arbitrary product of $f$ and $f^\dagger$ belong to a universal enveloping algebra of the Heisenberg algebra?

The Heisenberg algebra is essentially the canonical commutation relations (CCR) for bosons $[f,f^\dagger]=1$. $f$ is called an annihilation operator in physics ($f^\dagger$ creation operator). ...
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### Existence of solution to weak form of linear equation with boundary integral (parabolic PDE)

Let $W(0,T) := \{ u \in L^2(0,T;H^{\frac 12}(\partial\Omega)) \mid u_t \in L^2(0,T;H^{-\frac{1}{2}}(\partial\Omega))\}$. Let $\gamma$ and $\xi$ denote the trace map and its right inverse. Does there ...
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### Example of a Frobenius algebra that is not projective over a Frobenius subalgebra

I'd like to know an example of a Frobenius algebra $A$, with a subalgebra $B$ that is itself a Frobenius algebra, such that $A$ is not projective as a left $B$-module. I don't require any ...
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### The letters of the word “ART”

Are there only a finite number of connected topological spaces $X$ (up to homeomorphism) with the property that $X$ has an open subset $U$ such that $U$ and $X-U$ are homeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}$? I ...
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### Linear algebra over principal rings 1 [on hold]

If N is a left-idea of ring R and R is a left R-module, then submodule N is a direct sum if and only if N has a right unit.
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### Joyal's letter to Grothendieck

Mostly out of curiosity: Where do I find Joyal's letter to Grothendieck in which he defines a model structure on simplicial sheaves? The question was already asked in this MO post, but that ...
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### journal to submit mathematic books' review

it has been asked to me to write a review on a book about the history of mathematics in Italy between the two world wars. The book is a non-technical one. I would like to know which journal accepts ...
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### On matrix rank inequality

Let $A$ be a $\{0,1\}$ square matrix. Let $J$ be all $1$ matrix. Let $\bar{A}=J-A$. Is it possible for $rk_+(A)\geq c\cdot rk_+(\bar{A})^d-1$ and $rk_+(\bar{A})\geq c\cdot rk_+({A})^d-1$ for some ...
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### Can ergodic theory help to prove ergodicity of general Markov chain?

I am a beginner in ergodic theory. I have read some lecture notes(such as this and this) about it in hope that I could find something which helps to prove the ergodicity of some Markov chain taking ...
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### Real algebraic solution

Suppose a system of polynomial equations with rational coefficients has a real solution. Does necessarily there exists a real solution with algebraic coordinates? What about the simplest case of one ...
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### Injective map between two schemes

Assuem we have a finite surjective map between two irreducible, separated schemes, $f:X \rightarrow Y$, and for a dense open $U \subset Y$ and for any $y \in U$, $|X_y| =1$, then can we say $f$ is ...
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### Dual connections for Information Geometry

In information Geometry, there is a definition of dual connection, which is: two affine connections $\nabla$ and $\nabla^*$ are called dual if they satisfied ...
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### Prove that $\sum_{a<n\le b}\{f(n)\}=\frac{1}{2}(b-a)+O(\lambda^{1/3}(b-a)+\lambda^{-1/2})$ [on hold]

Let $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}$, and $f\in C^2([a,b])$ such that $|f''(t)|\asymp \lambda$ for $a\le t\le b$. Prove that $$\sum_{a<n\le b}\{f(n)\}=\frac{1}{2}(b-a)+O(\lambda^{1/3}(b-a)+\lambda^{-1/2}).$$ ...
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### Results about moduli of surfaces

There are early successes of the moduli theory - the construction and compactification of the moduli spaces of curves $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_g$ . I want to study about the moduli of algebraic ...
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### Finding an example for [on hold]

Let $\varphi$ be a periodic function s.t. at zero and every integer points it is equal to 1. Moreover it's equal to one in at least one point between each integer. Can we have two distinct density ...
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### invariant measures of the expanding maps on the circle

I would be very happy to know about original references for the following results; For the expanding map $x \mapsto mx$ on the circle, (with $m$ some integer greater than 1) (1) There exist ...
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### How to construct a graph with arbitrarily large girth and large chromatic number? [on hold]

Erdos theorem says it is possible and it is not so easy. What is the general procedure to construct graphs like Grötzsch graph?
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### Looking to derive bound for modulus of harmonic eigenfunction on weighted graph

We have a homogeneous graph $G = (V,E)$ with a function $f:V\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$. We define the following modulus: $\displaystyle \omega(s) = \sup\{f(x)-f(y) \ | \ |x-y|=s \}$ and wish to lower ...
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### Height of a tripod [on hold]

I am trying to determine the height of a tripod when the length on the tripod's legs (81") and the distance between the ends that touch the ground are 57" apart. My thought process so far: When the ...
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### Beginners Guide to Cartan for Beginners [on hold]

I am working through parts of Cartan For Beginners by Ivey and Landsberg. Thankfully some exercises have solutions, but, we would benefit from some additional guidance. Question: I am seeking ...
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### Cylinder in a topological space? [on hold]

There is a notion of path in a topological space $X$, namely a continuous function f with domain X and codomain the interval $[0, 1]$. Given that, in a Quillen model category, the dual of a path ...
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### Is the blowing up the rectifiable set cone?

Let $M$ be a rectifiable set in $\mathbb{R}^N$. For any point $p\in M$, is the following true?: $\lambda_i M$ subconverges to a cone in $p$ for $\lambda_i\to\infty$, i.e. $(\lambda_i M)\cap B(p,R)$ ...
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### Proof of Kolomogrov-Sinai Theorem [on hold]

I've seen reference to the result, but have not been able to actually locate a proof of said theorem. If anybody here could point me that way, then I'd greatly appreciate it.
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### Isoceles Triangles on a Grid Proof [on hold]

Given: A Finite Set of Unit Squares on a Large Grid. If we were to choose one of those sets of unit squares, we see that the squares of the set are tiled with isosceles right triangles, each with a ...
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### Transformation Matrix Problem [on hold]

Can anyone break down this Transformation Matrix process for me after the characteristic polynomial? http://i.stack.imgur.com/xdvyp.png
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### Is there any study about positive definiteness of some matrix space whose matrices don't have to be positive-definite?

--Updated description-- I'm trying to investigate the stability of tensegrity structures, and this question is related to the second order test. Suppose there is a vector space ...
Let $P(x)$ be an irreducible monic polynomial of degree $\ge4$ with integer coefficients. We all know that over a finite field $\mathbb F_p$, $P$ will often split, and I am interested in polynomials ...