# All Questions

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### Residual Intersections of a complete intersection

Let $R$ be a Cohen-Macaulay local ring and $I=(b_1,\dots,b_s)$ be a complete intersection generated by a regular sequence $\underline{b}$. Let $\mathfrak{a}\subseteq I$ such that ...
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### Precise density estimates for Cantor sets

Let $C_\lambda$ be the classical Cantor set associated to a real number $0<\lambda<\frac{1}{2}$, as defined for example in the book of K. J. Falconer The geometry of fractal sets. I recall ...
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### What is an (automorphic) L-function?

To preface, I am a student of automorphic representation theory, and I know full well the definition of the L-function attached to an automorphic representation. I am intending to give a talk on the ...
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### When is an holomorphy ring a PID?

I posted this question on mathstackexchange but I realized it is probably more suitable for mathoverflow. I will use the notation and language of Stichtenoth, Algebraic Function Fields and Codes. ...
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### What's the probability that at least one of k top data still in top k positions of a data set with error?

Let {${d_1,d_2,d_3,..., d_k,...d_n}$} is a descendingly sorted data set. Now we suppose that each data in the set has a probability $p_e$ to go wrong. The problem is what's the probability that at ...
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### Decomposing adelic points using torsors

Let $k$ be a number field and $X$ be a $k$-scheme. Let $G$ be a linear algebraic group over $k$ and let $f: Z \to X$ be a $G_X$-torsor ($G_X = G \times_k X)$. We can twist the torsor $f$ by 1-cocycles ...
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### Finding inverse of a function [on hold]

I have a function: $$h(x) = \frac{1-\sqrt{x}}{1+\sqrt{x}}$$ With just pen and paper, how can I determine if there exists an inverse function? Am I supposed to sketch it on paper to see if it can ...
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### Almost sure convergence of a sequence of Markov chains

Consider for each $n \in \mathbb{N}$ a continuous-time Markov chain $(X^{(n)}_t)_{t \geq 0}$ with $2$ states $\{0, 1\}$, generator $Q^{(n)} = \begin{pmatrix} -n & n \\ n & -n \end{pmatrix}$ ...
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### Extending integrable almost-complex structure

Suppose $(X,I)$ is an almost-complex real analytic manifold where $I$ is a real-analytic almost complex structure. Suppose there exists an $I$-almost complex submanifold $M\subset X$ where this means ...
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### When is a topological space the homotopy colimit of an open covering?

Suppose that $X$ is a topological space and $\left(U_i \to X\right)$ is an open cover. We can associate to it the Cech diagram of this cover $$C_U:\Delta^{op} \to Top.$$ I know that for many good ...
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### Unitary factor in polar decompositions

Let $A, B$ be $n$-square (Hermitian) positive definite matrices. Let $AB=U|AB|$ be the polar decomposition of $AB$. So $U$ is unitary (called the unitary factor of $AB$). What is the optimal constant ...
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### Estimating polynomial approximation error in high dimension

Question Let $x \in [-1, 1]^d \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a $d$-dimensional variable and assume that -- given $n$ -- I have a way of computing a polynomial $p_n(x)$ of degree $n$ that approximates a ...
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### Simplest form for sum of Binomial Expressions

How difficult is the problem of reducing the number of terms in a sum of binomial expressions? Formally: Given $a_1, a_2, a_3, … a_n$, and $b_1, b_2, b_3, ... , b_n$, where $a_i, b_i \in \mathbb{Z}$, ...
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### An analytic characterization of eigenvalues of a Hermitian matrix [on hold]

[..the following is trying to understand a certain argument of Terence Tao in a lecture notes of his..] If $A$ is a Hermitian matrix with eigenvalues, eigenvectors $\{ \lambda_i , e_i \}_{i=1}^n$. ...
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### Probability of close approach for multivariate normal variables

The following problem comes from a physical model of two groups of particles in three dimensions. I need to know the probability that the two groups of particles approach each other within some ...
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### Koebe–Andreev–Thurston theorem - where can I find a proof?

Koebe–Andreev–Thurston theorem (known also as the circle packing theorem) says that any planar graph can be realized by a set of (interior-) disjoint disks corresponding to vertices, such that two ...
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### Series of swapping terms

Suppose $f(z)=a_0+a_1z+\cdots+a_nz^n+\cdots$ is defined in the unit disk, $\mathbb{D}$, and $\|f\|_{\infty}\leq 1.$ Lets form a series $f_k$ by interchanging $a_1$ and $a_k$ i.e. ...
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### Is ther a dense subset of parameter plane, which is not an interior?

In case of parameter plane of complex quadratic polynomial : is it possible to find part of parameter plane, scanned with given limited precision ( rasterised) where : every pixel contains part ...
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### why is $\frac {dy}{dx} dx = dy$? [migrated]

if $y$ is a function of $x$, why is $\frac {dy}{dx} dx = dy$? This has been bugging me. Why is it you can treat that as a fraction? I would like the traditional calculus view first if possible, then ...
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### Solutions for n such that the path number to the n-th node is also n in a complete, rooted, ordered k-ary tree

The path to find the $n$-th node within a complete, rooted, ordered $k$-ary tree can be represented by a number to the base $(k+1)$ that contains no zero digits. See A245905 in OEIS as an example for ...
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### Number of median graphs?

What is the number of $n$-vertex median graphs? These graphs generalize hypercubes and trees, and have many applications. It seems unlikely that a closed form expression is known, so I would also be ...
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### Lifting $SHFC$ to non singular foliations

In this question we would like to complexify the idea in the following post. We would like to lift a "singular holomorphic foliation by curves", briefly "SHFC", of $\mathbb{C}P^{2}$ to a ...
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### Integral of Weingarten Map / Shape Operator [on hold]

This Paper states that the Weingarten Map / The Shape operator $W_p$ of a two-dimensional surface $S\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ at a point $p$ can be expressed in the following way: ...
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### Normal Variation on Manifolds

Let $M$ be a smooth surface and let $x,y \in M$. Let $d_{M}(\cdot, \cdot)$ be the geodesic distance metric on $M$, that is the length of the shortest geodesic curve on $M$. Let $\kappa$ be the maximum ...
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### A true-false exam has five questions. Andy is completely ignorant and so he tosses a fair coin to answer each question [on hold]

A true-false exam has five questions. Andy is completely ignorant and so he tosses a fair coin to decide his answer to each question. What is the probability that he scores at least four correct?
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### Powers of traces, integrals over spheres and class functions

I asked this on math.StackExchange a while back but got no answers. I hope I'll be forgiven for the double post. Let $V$ be a complex vector space of dimension $\operatorname{dim}_{\mathbb C} V = n$, ...
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### Identifying a cohomology class arising from a Postnikov decomposition of BU(2)

For various reasons I'm currently interested in Principal $U(n)$-bundles $U(n)\hookrightarrow E\xrightarrow{p} S^m\times X_g$ over the Cartesian product of an $m$-sphere and a closed oriented surface ...
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### Initial Value for an ODE Problem [on hold]

I have the following ODE $\mathbf{A}\dfrac{d\vec{y}}{dt}+\mathbf{B}\vec{y}=\vec{x}$, where $\vec{y}$ and $\vec{x}$ are $n\times1$ vectors and are functions of $t$, and $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ ...
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### Asymptotic variance for partial sum of a stationary process

Let $X = (X_1, \dots, X_n, \dots)$ be a sequence of random variables. We assume that the process X is stationary i.e. for any integer $k$, any set of indices $i_1 < \dots < i_k$ and any integer ...
Let $M$ be a compact Riemannian manifold with vanishing curvature of Levi-Civita connection. Such manifolds were classified by Bieberbach; sometimes they are called Bieberbach manifolds. According to ...