Questions tagged [transcendence]

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Exponential of Liouville Numbers

By Mahler classification of Transcendental real numbers (into the sets of $S$-, $T$- and $U$-numbers), we know that Any Liouville number is a $U$-number. $\log \alpha$ is either an $S$- or a $T$-...
Jean's user avatar
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Analytical proof of an equation that includes transcendental functions

Can anyone help me find an analytical proof for the following statement: for $$t \in ]0,1[\setminus\{t_0\},\quad t' \in ]0,1[\setminus\{t_0\},\quad t\neq t',\quad k_1,k_2 \in \mathbf{R}^*,\quad t_0 \...
Tim's user avatar
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0 answers
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Transcendence of functions and change of field of definition

Suppose the one has a sequence of rational functions $Q_n(z)\in\mathbb Q(z)$. Let $p$ be a prime number. Suppose that that there exists an infinite subset $X$ of $\mathbb Q_p$ such that: the ...
joaopa's user avatar
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1 vote
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Siegel's method for transcendence measure quoted by Mahler

In "Zur Approximation der Exponentialfunktion und des Logarithmus. Teil II" Malher wrote (footnote 5 page 148) that the constant appearing in Satz 4 can be improved by a method communicated ...
joaopa's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
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Transcendence measure: of $\ln(a/b)$

In the book " Number Theory IV Transcendental Numbers" written by Parsin and Shafarevich (book, page 104) it is asserted that to explicit a transcendence measure of a complex number $w$, it ...
joaopa's user avatar
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1 vote
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Liouville numbers with some "special" convergents

Recall that a real number $\ell$ is called a Liouville number, if there exists an infinite sequence of rational numbers $(p_n/q_n)_n$ for which $$ 0<\left|\ell-\frac{p_n}{q_n}\right|<\dfrac{1}{...
Jean's user avatar
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4 votes
1 answer
155 views

Ground state energy of anharmonic oscillator: algebraic or transcendental?

Consider the quantum anharmonic oscillator, with Hamiltonian $H=p^2/2+q^2/2+gq^4$ for some real $g\geq 0$, with $p$ and $q$ obeying the usual Heisenberg commutation relations. For $g=0$, the ground ...
Matt Hastings's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
234 views

Reference request for results that involve the transcendence degree

Currently I'm reading "On the Decidability of the Real Exponential Field" by Macintyre and Wilkie and the Proof of Theorem 1.1 (page 462-464) uses two algebraic results that involve the ...
Bytegear's user avatar
  • 123
0 votes
2 answers
298 views

Transcendence on $ \alpha+f(\alpha), \alpha f(\alpha) $ and $ \alpha/f(\alpha) $ where $ \alpha$ is transcendental

Let $f(x)$ be a real transcendental function with algebraic coefficients. So $f(x)$ and $x$ are algebraically independent. Let $\alpha$ be a transcendental number, are the numbers $$\alpha+f(\alpha),\...
Beta's user avatar
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15 votes
2 answers
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Why is it easier to prove $e$ is transcendental than $\pi$?

Why is it easier to prove $e$ is transcendental than $\pi$? I noticed that the proofs of $\pi$'s transcendence are much longer and have more details to check than those of $e.$ My guess is that it's ...
Display name's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
101 views

Transcendence of values of Fredholm series at algebraic arguments

Let $d$ be an integer greater than $1$ and let $f(z)=\sum_{n\ge0}z^{d^n}$ be the Fredholm series. It is well-known that the Roth-Ridout theorem implies that $f(r)$ is a transcendental number for all ...
joaopa's user avatar
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31 votes
1 answer
1k views

How to prove that the solution to $x^{x+1}=(x+1)^{x}$ is transcendental?

I was asked by an high school student if there is an algebraic way to find the exact value of the solution to the equation \begin{equation}\label{eq} x^{x+1}=(x+1)^x \end{equation} Let us define that ...
gigi's user avatar
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3 votes
1 answer
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Can one define a degree of a period?

In the context of Feynman integrals, certain values of the zeta function appear at certain loop orders. Given that the tree-level amplitudes are rational, and assuming the zeta values to be ...
gmvh's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
326 views

Irrationality of $e^{x/y}$

How to prove the following continued fraction of $e^{x/y}$ $${\displaystyle e^{x/y}=1+{\cfrac {2x}{2y-x+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{6y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{10y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{14y+{\cfrac {x^{2}}{18y+\ddots }}}}}}}}}}...
Sourangshu Ghosh's user avatar
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0 answers
96 views

Transcendence à la Liouville

Let $\alpha\in\overline{\mathbb Q}^*$. How to prove that for a non ultimately constant sequence $(\varepsilon_n)_n$ with $\varepsilon_n\in\{0,1\}$, the number $\sum_{n\ge0}\frac{\varepsilon_n}{\alpha^{...
joaopa's user avatar
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0 answers
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Transcendence of Euler series

Is the Euler series $\sum_{n\ge0}n!X^n\in\mathbb C[[X]]$ transcendental over $\mathbb C(X)$?
joaopa's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
155 views

On a transcendental number defined as a variation involving the Lambert $W$ function in the nested square root representation of the golden ratio

Define the real number $\xi$ satisfying $$\xi=\sqrt{1+W\left(1+\sqrt{1+W(1+\ldots)}\right)}\tag{1}$$ where $W(x)$ denotes the main branch of the Lambert $W$ function, as reference I add that Wikipedia ...
user142929's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
190 views

Irrationality or transcendence of $i^{i\Omega}$ and $2^\Omega$, with $\Omega=W(1)$ and $W(x)$ being the main branch of Lambert $W$ function

In this post we denote the main (or principal) branch of the Lambert $W$ function as $W(x)$, I add as reference that Wikipedia has the article Lambert $W$ function. The particular value $W(1)=\Omega$ ...
user142929's user avatar
9 votes
1 answer
298 views

Concerning $k \subset L \subset k(x,y)$

The following is a known result in algebraic geometry: Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero (for example, $k=\mathbb{C}$). Let $L$ be a field such that $k \subset L \subset ...
user237522's user avatar
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0 votes
1 answer
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$a^b=b^a$ and algebraicity [closed]

Suppose $a$ and $b$ are reals such that $a^b=b^a$. If $a$ is algebraic, is $b$ algebraic too?
Sylvain JULIEN's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
2k views

$f,g \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ satisfying: $\operatorname{Jac}(f,g)=0$ and $f,g \notin \mathbb{Z}[h]$ for every $h \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$?

Is it possible to find $f,g \in \mathbb{Z}[x,y]$ (with $\deg(f),\deg(g) \geq 1$) such that the following two conditions are satisfied: (1) $\operatorname{Jac}(f,g)=f_xg_y-f_yg_x = 0$. (2) ...
user237522's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
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Number defined by a recursive binary sequence

In a math column in Scientific American many years ago, I encountered a peculiar binary sequence I describe below. Unfortunately I can't find a reference on this, so I would be grateful for any ...
Dominic van der Zypen's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
322 views

Transcendental Continued Fractions

Liouville famously showed the existence of a transcendental number by considering $\alpha =\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty10^{-n!}$ and showing that it did not satisfy 'Liouville's criterion' $|\alpha-p/q|\...
Elie Ben-Shlomo's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
260 views

If $f,g \in D[x,y]$ are algebraically dependent over $D$, then $f,g \in D[h]$ for some $h\in D[x,y]$?

This question asks: If $f,g \in k[x,y]$ are two algebraically dependent polynomials over an arbitrary field $k$, is it true that there exists a polynomial $h \in k[x,y]$ such that $f,g \in k[h]$, ...
user237522's user avatar
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5 votes
2 answers
235 views

A non-commutative analog of: two polynomials are algebraically dependent iff their Jacobian is zero

Let $f,g \in \mathbb{C}[x,y]$. There is a well-known result, that can be found for example here, pages 19-20, that says the following: $f,g$ are algebraically dependent over $\mathbb{C}$ if and ...
user237522's user avatar
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2 votes
0 answers
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Generalizations of Lüroth theorem

Let $k$ be an arbitrary field (I do not mind to take $k=\mathbb{C}$, if things are easier in this case). A more general version of Lüroth theorem says that a field $L$, $k \subset L \subset k(x,y)$, ...
user237522's user avatar
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6 votes
1 answer
379 views

Transcendence degree of the fraction field of $k[G]$ for torsion free abelian group $G$

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $p$ and $G$ be a torsion free abelian group . Then the group ring $k[G]$ is an integral domain , let $k(G)$ denote its field of fractions . Then can we say ...
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1 vote
0 answers
126 views

Nielsen--Schreier for fields

Is it true that a subextension of a purely transcendental extension is itself purely transcendental? In symbols, suppose we have field extensions $M/L/K$, with $M/K$ purely transcendental. Must $L/K$ ...
Sean Eberhard's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
1k views

Why is the Euler-Mascheroni constant not a Liouville number?

Let $\gamma$ be the Euler-Mascheroni constant. Why is $\gamma$ not a Liouville number? Are there any upper bounds for the irrationality measure of $\gamma$ known? Any pointers to the literature are ...
Christoph Mark's user avatar
12 votes
1 answer
516 views

"Transcendental tilings": Do they exist?

Let $T$ be a tiling of the plane. Fix an origin and shoot a ray $r$ from the origin. Mark off points $p_i$ along $r$ separated by unit distance. Compute from $r$ a binary number $0 < b(r) < 1$ ...
Joseph O'Rourke's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
294 views

Solving a transcendental equation, in closed form

There is a change of variable between two varibles $q$ and $Q$ as the following: $$q=Q\exp(2f(Q))\quad\quad \quad (*)$$ where $f(Q)$ is given by $$f(Q)=\sum_{d=1}^\infty \frac{(2d-1)!}{(d!)^2}Q^d$$ ...
user106085's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
590 views

Transcendence of $e^{\frac{\pi^2}{12 \log 2}}$

Is it known whether $e^{\frac{\pi^2}{12 \log 2}}$ is transcendental or algebraic? This number showed up in this other question.
user405683's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
141 views

$\mathbb{Z}$-linear independence of arguments of units in non-CM number fields

Playing a little bit with Groessencharacters a stumbled on the following question: Let $K$ be a non CM number field with $r_1$ real embeddings and $2r_2>0$ complex embeddings. Set $r=r_1+r_2-1$ ...
Hugo Chapdelaine's user avatar
8 votes
0 answers
385 views

Transcendence of the $p$-adic number $\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$

Let $p$ a prime number and $a\in\overline{\mathbb Q}\subset\mathbb C_p$ be an algebraic $p$-adic number such that $|a|_p<1$. Is the number $s_a=\sum_{n\ge0}a^{2^n}$ transcendental over $\mathbb ...
joaopa's user avatar
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-1 votes
1 answer
81 views

Preservation of algebraically dependence for derivative [closed]

It is well-known (see Allouche monography for example) that if $f$ is an algebraic function over $K(X)$ then $f'$ is also algebraic. I wonder whether $f$ and $g$ are algebraically dependent, then $f'$ ...
joaopa's user avatar
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0 votes
3 answers
753 views

algebraic independence of exponential functions

Let $a_1,\ldots,a_n$ be $\mathbb Q$-linearly independant algebraic numbers. Are the functions $e^{az},\ldots,e^{a_nz}$ algebraically independent functions (over $\mathbb C(z)$ or $\mathbb Q(z)$)? I ...
joaopa's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
410 views

Number of generators of ideal if quotient field has certain transcendence degree

I am trying to prove a result which is used in A. Macintyre and A. J. Wilkie (1995), 'On the decidability of the real exponential field', in Odifreddi, P.G., Kreisel 70th Birthday Volume, CLSI, p. ...
Lothar Sebastian Krapp's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
167 views

Transcendence of solutions of $\sum_{i=1}^n a_i b_i^x = 1$

I am currently doing things related to the Akra–Bazzi theorem. One element in that theorem is the following: For $n>0$ and sequences of real numbers $a_i, b_i$ of length $n$, where all $a_i>0$ ...
Manuel Eberl's user avatar
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11 votes
1 answer
533 views

Transcendence of products of certain real algebraic numbers

Let \begin{equation} z := \prod_p p^{1/p^2}, \end{equation} where the product is over all prime numbers $p$, and we always take the positive real root. Is $z$ transcendental or algebraic, or (as I ...
Bobby Grizzard's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
281 views

Hermite Lindemann and transcendental reals

This is about compass and straightedge constructions, although I suspect nothing changes if we expand to real numbers algebraic over the rationals. Anyway, let $E$ be the "constructible numbers," ...
Will Jagy's user avatar
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4 votes
3 answers
392 views

Algebraically Independent Numbers and Affine Linear Maps

Suppose I have two lists $\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_k$ and $\beta_1,\dots,\beta_k$ of real numbers such that all $2k$ numbers are mutually algebraically-independent over the rationals. For each $i \in \{1,...
Derrick Stolee's user avatar
22 votes
3 answers
1k views

Numbers with known finite irrationality measure greater than 2

For a real number $\alpha$, let the irrationality measure $\mu(\alpha) \in \mathbb{R}\cup \{\infty\}$ be defined as the supremum of all real numbers $\mu$ such that $$ \left| \alpha-\frac{p}{q}\right|...
jsm's user avatar
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-2 votes
1 answer
430 views

Random Sequence : Definition of [closed]

"A sequence of bits is random if there exists no Program shorter than it which can produce the same sequence." ~ Kolmogorov Q: How do the digits of Pi fall as a random sequence based on the above ...
ARi's user avatar
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53 votes
2 answers
16k views

Why is it hard to prove that the Euler Mascheroni constant is irrational?

Philosophically why should proving that $\gamma$ is irrational (let alone transcendental) be so much harder than proving $\pi$ or $e$ are irrational?
user16557's user avatar
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5 votes
2 answers
2k views

What was Lambert's solution to $x^m+x=q$?

I've been thinking about Lambert's Trinomial Equation quite a bit, and I want to see his solution. The only solution I could find was in Euler's form, and I still don't quite understand how he got ...
B H's user avatar
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3 votes
0 answers
510 views

quasi periodic continued fractions and powers of e, tanh, tan

It is well known that some transcendental numbers like e.g. rational multiples of $e^{2/n}$ with $n\in\mathbb N $, when written as regular continued fractions (R.C.F.), yield what can be called a ...
Wolfgang's user avatar
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4 votes
0 answers
305 views

Transcendental numbers that are "suspected" to be algebraically dependent without conjectured relation?

I am experimenting with a solver for finding algebraic dependencies and would like to test it on more data sets. Are there transcendental numbers that are "suspected" to be algebraically dependent ...
joro's user avatar
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24 votes
1 answer
2k views

Is this seemingly novel irrational constant also transcendental?

I recently discovered a constant that is constructed as follows: $\chi=\sum_{n=1}^\infty (\frac{\cos{n}}{2|\cos{n}|}+\frac{1}{2}) 2^{-n}$ Furthermore I can prove that it is an irrational number ...
Stuart LaForge's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
397 views

Finding purely transcendental parts of field extensions

If we have a field $K$ such that $K\cong K(t)$ (i.e. it is isomorphic to the field you get if you adjoin one transcendental) then is there necessarily a subfield $L\lt K$ such that $L\ncong L(t)$ and $...
user21765's user avatar
11 votes
0 answers
635 views

Connections of results in Harmonic analysis in the theory of Transcendental Numbers

An entire function $f$ is said to be of exponential type if there exist constants $c$ and $k$ such that $|f(z)|\leq c e^{k |z|}$. A famous result of Polya says if $f$ is an entire function of ...
Vagabond's user avatar
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