Questions tagged [taylor-series]

Taylor series is a method to analyze functions as polynomials.

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9 votes
3 answers
4k views

Estimate for tail of power series of exponential function?

I would like to have an estimate for the infinite series $$ \sum_{k=B}^\infty \frac{A^k}{k!}, $$ where $A$ is a large positive quantity and $B$ is just a little bit bigger than $A$, namely, $B = A + C ...
1 vote
0 answers
26 views

Exponential-like function equivalent for the Dixonian Elliptics

Is there some exponential-like function that acts as partner for the intricate Dixonian Elliptics, in a similar way that the Exponential function acts as a partner for the trigonometric functions ?
0 votes
1 answer
52 views

Integration algorithm and analytic property

This question is the continuation of the previous one. In the article about the integration of analytical polynomial - time computable function $f(x)$ with the Taylor series $$f(x) = \sum_{n=0}^{\...
0 votes
1 answer
122 views

Small phase approximation

Does anyone known how to prove that if $|\phi_k (r)| \ll 1$ for all $r$ and all $k=1,...,n\,$, the following equation $$ S=\left|\int_0^\infty A(r)e^{-i[\phi_0(r)+\sum_{k=1}^n \phi_k(r)]} dr \right|^2 ...
0 votes
0 answers
144 views

Do we have tetration uniqueness by $ A = \inf \sum_n a_n^2 $?

Let $f$ be a real analytic (on at least $|x|<2$) and real solution of the functional equation $f(0) = 1,f(x+1) = \exp(f(x))$. For the existence of such $f$, see here. Then $$ f(x) = \sum_n a_n x^n ;...
6 votes
2 answers
204 views

Taylor expansion theorem for Gateaux differentiable functions

I am having a hard time studying Gateaux derivatives (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateaux_derivative), it seems that every author mentions the concept but only as a cliffhanger to study Fréchet ...
6 votes
2 answers
396 views

What's the summation of formal series $\sum_{n\geq0}\binom{n\delta}{n}x^n$?

$\delta$ is a positive number. Is this Taylor expansion of some function?
3 votes
0 answers
53 views

Jet at a singular point or a submanifold

Let $M$ be a smooth manifold, $p\in M$ and $f\in C^\infty(M\setminus\{p\})$. We will say that $f$ has a power-law singularity at $p$ of order $\eta$ if for every smooth immersion $\gamma:(-1,1)\to M$ ...
0 votes
0 answers
74 views

Could the patterns in the roots of the Riemann-Liouville differintegral of $(s-1)\,L(s, \chi_{q,j})$ be explained?

This question aims to extend this question to (automorphic) Dirichlet L-functions. Take: $$f(s,q,j) = (s-1)\,L(s, \chi_{q,j})$$ with $q$ the modulus and $j$ the index of a character $\chi$. A fast way ...
3 votes
1 answer
182 views

Other expansion for positive Taylor expansion

I was thinking of the following problem. Let $f$ be a Taylor expansion and $a_k$ the associated coefficients, $$\forall x\in\mathbb{R},~f(x)\triangleq\sum_{k=0}^\infty a_kx^k.$$ Let suppose that we ...
2 votes
2 answers
124 views

Is there a restriction on the structure of the set of points where all derivatives of a $C^\infty$ real function are 0? [duplicate]

Let $f$ be an infinitely differentiable real function and let $Z(f)$ denote the set of points on which all derivatives of $f$ vanish. It is not hard to describe an $f$ such that $Z(f)$ is any ...
2 votes
1 answer
203 views

Fourier series of an arbitrary function of a cosine function

Is there a general expression for the Fourier series of the function $f(a\cos(\omega t))$ in terms of the derivatives of $f$? Obviously, the function can be expressed as a Maclaurin series $f(0)+af'(0)...
0 votes
0 answers
62 views

How to calculate the weights for Discrete Laplacian Operator?

I am following this paper step by step and want to build an isotropic Laplacian kernel. As shown in the following figure, I can understand until using Taylor to expand the 2D discrete Laplacian ...
8 votes
1 answer
479 views

$f(f(z)) = z , f(\exp(z)) = \exp(f(z)) $?

While talking about tetration with my friend the following idea (re)occured. $$f(f(z)) = z ,\quad f(\exp(z)) = \exp(f(z)) \tag{A}\label{A}$$ or variations of it like the weaker $$f(f(f(f(z)))) = z ,\...
3 votes
1 answer
446 views

Taylor expansion of Stieltjes Transform

I'm trying to derive a very basic result stated in several books on random matrix theory (e.g. Terry Tao's book and Potters & Bouchaud's book). Given a symmetric matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times ...
3 votes
0 answers
98 views

Convex minorants to convex functions, given partial Taylor expansion and smoothness estimate

Let $V$ denote a strictly convex function (in arbitrary dimension) whose Hessian is $L$-Lipschitz. Given only this knowledge, and the values of $\left\{ V \left( x \right), \nabla V \left( x \right), \...
0 votes
0 answers
59 views

Linear approximation of multivariate function of bounded second order partial derivatives

I have a question about linear approximation in the multivariate case.\ Let $f:B^d_r\to \mathbb{R}$ be a real-valued $C^2$-function defined on the $d$-dimensional ball of radius $r$ centered at the ...
0 votes
1 answer
94 views

Estimating the bound of the integral over whole $\mathbb{R}$ of the Taylor remainder term?

Let $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ be a smooth function which has a smooth inverse and satisfies the estimate \begin{equation} \lvert f(x) \rvert \leq \lvert x \rvert. \end{equation} Also, let $d\mu$ ...
2 votes
1 answer
157 views

Is this a valid method of extending convergence of the Maclaurin series for $\frac{x}{x+1}$ from $|x|<1$ to $\Re(x)>-1$?

I originally asked this question on Math StackExchange a few months ago and no answers or even comments have yet been posted, so I'm asking this question again here on Math OverFlow. This Math ...
1 vote
0 answers
46 views

A problem on monotonicity rule for the ratio of two Maclaurin power series

In the paper [1] below, a monotonicity rule for the ratio of two Maclaurin power series was presented as follow. Let $a_k$ and $b_k$ for $k\in\{0\}\cup\mathbb{N}$ be real numbers and the power series ...
4 votes
4 answers
629 views

What or where is the series expansion of the function $\ln\bigl(\frac{\tan x}{x}-1\bigr)$ or $\ln(\tan x-x)$ around $x=0$?

It is known that \begin{equation*} \tan x=\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{2^{2k}\bigl(2^{2k}-1\bigr)}{(2k)!}|B_{2k}|x^{2k-1}, \quad |x|<\frac{\pi}{2} \end{equation*} and \begin{equation*} \ln\tan x=\ln x+\...
1 vote
0 answers
122 views

Lower bound for variance of ratio of dependent random variables

I'm trying to find a lower bound on $\text{Var}(X / Y)$ for dependent random variables $X, Y \in [0, 1]$ with $X \leq Y$. More specifically, $X$ and $Y$ are defined as follows: Let $h, n \in \mathbb{N}...
2 votes
3 answers
207 views

Computing $_2F_2(a,a,a+1,a+1,z)$ (hypergeometric function)

Trying to implement the derivative of the gamma incomplete function, I encountered the hypergeometric function $_2F_2(a,a,a+1,a+1; z=-x)$, where $x$ would always be a positive real (and thus $z$ a ...
0 votes
1 answer
162 views

A holomorphic function in the open unit disk satisfying certain properties

Does there exist a function which is holomorphic in $|z|<1,$ continuous in $|z|\leq1$ and such that the series $\sum |a_n|$ is divergent, where $a_n$'s coefficients in the Taylor series expansion ...
19 votes
2 answers
2k views

Integral representation of higher order derivatives

I'm quite curious about the following phenomena, that still puzzle me although I have a proof, and I'd be really glad if someone may shred some light, showing an interpretation or a generalization. I ...
3 votes
0 answers
150 views

What is the meaning of big-O of a random variable?

I encountered this problem in a book "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" by Christopher M. Bishop. I excerpt it below: screenshot of the book In the excerpt, the big-O notation $O(\xi^...
5 votes
1 answer
349 views

Family of functions with prescribed derivatives

Suppose $f: \mathbb C \times (-1,1) \to \mathbb C$ is a smooth function that satisfies $f(0,t)=1$ for all $t\in (-1,1)$. Assume that for any $k\in \mathbb N$, any $z \in \mathbb C$ and any $t \in (-1,...
2 votes
1 answer
69 views

Exponential taylor series for multiple variables with linear constraints for coefficients

I'm trying to simplify the sum $$ \sum_{\vec x \in (\mathbb{N}_0)^n: M\vec x = \vec b} \prod_i \frac{(a_i)^{x_i}}{x_i!}, $$ where $M$ is a $\mathbb{N}_0$-valued $m\times n$ matrix, $\vec b$ is $\...
3 votes
1 answer
2k views

Taylor series on a Riemannian manifold

I need some help for the following problem. Let $M$ a riemannian manifold and $f$ a smooth differential function, then consider the following integral $$\int_M \Gamma(x,y)(f(y)-f(x))dV_y$$ where $dV_y$...
1 vote
0 answers
59 views

Showing bound $\|\nabla_t \dot{\tilde{x}}_Y(h, 0)\| \le L \|Y\|_{2, \infty}$ for smooth homotopies of geodesics

This question pertains to Lemma 3.5 of this article. Let $M$ be a smooth Riemannian manifold and $\gamma$ some geodesic with respect to the Levi-Civita connection $\nabla$. For any $C^2$ vector field $...
3 votes
1 answer
186 views

Probabilistic Taylor theorem for concave functions

This paper proves a probabilistic version of Taylor's theorem \begin{equation*} \mathbb{E}g(X) = \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \frac{g^{(k)}(0)}{k!} \mathbb{E}X^k + \frac{\mathbb{E}X^n}{n!} \mathbb{E} g^{(n)}(X_{(...
1 vote
0 answers
233 views

Asymptotics to Taylor expansions?

I posted a question on MSE about approximating Taylor series but Despite a bounty I did not receive any answers or comments. Maybe you guys can help. https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1440931/...
2 votes
1 answer
129 views

Expressing a vector valued function in terms of its derivatives

Consider a function $$ f:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^m $$ given by $m$ functions $f_i:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ that we can assume to be polynomials in $x_1,\dots,x_n$. Does there ...
7 votes
0 answers
287 views

Weaker version of the Borel lemma for vector-valued functions

Borel's lemma for Frechét-spaces $V$ says: (i) For every $(v_j)_{j \in \mathbb{N}} \in V^\mathbb{N}$ there exists a smooth $f: \mathbb{R} \to V$ such that $$f^{(j)}(0) = v_j.$$ For general locally ...
2 votes
0 answers
122 views

Taylor series with less than differentiability

I have a function $f^0\colon (0;\infty) \to \mathbb R$ with the property that the following limit exists and is finite $$ F^1 := \lim_{x\to \infty} x \cdot f^0(x) $$ Then I consider $f^1(x) := x \cdot ...
5 votes
0 answers
610 views

The Basel problem revisited?

In the Basel problem, the $sinc$ function is considered at the Wikipedia page. Let me try to make an alternative function definition: $$f(x) = \prod_{n=1}^\infty \left ( 1+ \frac{x^3}{n^3} \right ) = \...
8 votes
3 answers
2k views

What characterizes rational functions with nonnegative integer Taylor coefficients?

I believe that there is a statement along the following lines (I would, of course, love to be corrected): a formal power series is the Taylor expansion of a rational function if and only if the ...
11 votes
1 answer
378 views

Estimating the growth of the Taylor coefficients given the growth of the function at the boundary

Let $f(z)=\sum a_nz^n$ be a Taylor series that converges for $|z|<1$ and satisfies $$ |f(z)|\le \frac{1}{(1-|z|)^{k}} $$ for some fixed $k>0$. Question: What can I deduce about the growth of the ...
8 votes
1 answer
2k views

Polynomial approximation for square root function with fast convergence and bounded coefficients

Let $\delta, \varepsilon \in (0,1)$. I am interested in a sequence $\{f_n\}$ of polynomial approximations of the square root function $x \to x^{1/2}$ on $[\delta,1]$, of the form $$ f_n(x) = \sum_{i=0}...
0 votes
2 answers
416 views

Expected value of Taylor series with central moments of binomial variate

I want to understand this entry, but do not understand how the $\mathcal{O}\left(\frac{1}{n^2}\right)$ in the accepted answer comes into play. I reproduce the question here: We have $x \sim \mathrm{...
6 votes
0 answers
2k views

Do smooth cutoff functions analytically continue functions?

My goal is to prove (or disprove) that sufficiently smooth and quickly decaying cutoff functions being tacked on to a Taylor series correctly extend the radius of convergence to the analytic ...
2 votes
0 answers
369 views

Norm of a Taylor approximation of a multivariate function

I have a function $f:\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}^m$. My goal is to bound the first order Taylor approximation of $f$. Given $x,x'\in\mathbb{R}^n$ I have that \begin{equation} f(x)-f(x')\approx (x-x')^...
1 vote
1 answer
443 views

Approximate expectation of a random variable that is the logarithm of a function of a binomial

I want the expectation of the following random variable: $\log\left(\frac{X}{k-X}+\alpha \right)$ with $X \sim Bin_{(k-1),p}$ and $\alpha > 0$, Therefore I derived the Taylor Series: \begin{...
2 votes
0 answers
156 views

Calculating the polynomials which are invariant under the action of a simple finite group

Let $G$ be a simple, finite group. In general, $G$ is not abelian. Let $\rho$ be a representation of this group, where each $\rho(g)$ for $g\in G$ is a unitary, complex, $d$-dimensional matrix, $\rho(...
-1 votes
2 answers
288 views

show this inequality with $\frac{d^i}{dx^i}\left(1-\left(\frac{-x}{\ln(1-x)}\right)^{1/K}\right) \Bigg|_{x=0}>0, ~~~\forall i\in N^{+}$

I am trying to solve this Komal problem 661: Let $K$ be a fixed positive integer. Let $(a_{0},a_{1},\cdots )$ be the sequence of real numbers that satisfies $a_{0}=-1$ and $$\sum_{i_{0},i_{1},\cdots,...
0 votes
1 answer
334 views

Simplification on the estimation on error of the ratio of 2 random variables

Let $Z=\dfrac{X}{Y}$ the ratio of 2 random variables. Distribution of $Z=\dfrac{X}{Y}$ Consider the case of two independent normal variables $X$ and $Y$ with strictly positive means and variances $\...
25 votes
3 answers
15k views

What's an example of a function whose Taylor series converges to the wrong thing?

Can anyone provide an example of a real-valued function f with a convergent Taylor series that converges to a function that is not equal to f (not even locally)?
2 votes
0 answers
52 views

A certain expectation of a function of independent gammas

Suppose that $Y_1...,Y_n$ are independant gamma random variables: $Y_i \sim \Gamma(\alpha_i,\beta_i)$, with density $f_i(t) = \frac{t^{\alpha_i-1} e^{-\frac{x}{\beta}}}{\Gamma(\alpha) \beta^{\alpha}}$....
5 votes
0 answers
253 views

Hadamard lemma without integration

Let $I$ be the ideal of smooth germs vanishing at zero. Let $I^{k+1}$ be the ideal generated by $(k+1)$-fold product of such germs. Write $F_k$ for the ideal of $k$-flat germs at zero. By the product ...
1 vote
0 answers
188 views

Is a mixture of real analytic functions again analytic?

Let $$h : \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^+.$$ Suppose that for each $x$, $h(x, y)$ is a real analytic function of $y$. Let $\mu(dx)$ be a finite measure on $\mathbb{R}$, and for each $y$, suppose that $$...