Questions tagged [sampling]

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3 votes
1 answer
181 views

Fast sampling of matroids

In his classic paper, Donald E. Knuth described how random matroids of fixed rank can be generated. What is the currently the fastest (in terms of mixing behaviour) known way to sample matroids of ...
2 votes
1 answer
464 views

Shift-invariant spaces

We can define a shift-invariant space as $$V_{\varphi}(\mathbb{Z}):=\left\{\sum_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}c_k\varphi({\cdot}-k):(c_k)\in \ell_2\right\},$$ where convergence of the series is taken to be in $L^2(\...
0 votes
1 answer
86 views

Yates-Grundy draw-by-draw sampling inclusion probabilities

Is there an efficient algorithm to calculate the inclusion probabilities (the probability that an item will be included in a sample) in the Yates-Grundy draw-by-draw sampling? Sampling description: ...
12 votes
5 answers
3k views

How can I sample uniformly from a surface?

Given an equation of a parametric surface, is there a general way to sample of points uniformly distributed on that surface? I'm interested in this problem for purposes of visualisation - rather than ...
3 votes
0 answers
91 views

Sampling uniformly from the convex cone

Let $n$ vectors of dimension $d$ (e.g., $n = 100$, $d = 10000$), each with infinity norm of $1$, be given. The conic combination of those $n$ vectors generates a convex cone. How to uniformly sample ...
1 vote
0 answers
78 views

How can one build a min-2-wise independent small sample space from min-3-wise permutations?

I have been studying a polynomial-size set of permutations from one of my lectures. The below image, taken from the lecture notes PDF, illustrates how to construct min-3-wise permutations. My ...
1 vote
2 answers
324 views

Use Importance sampling for multimodal and multivariate distribution draws, how to choose proposal distribution?

I'm in trouble trying to generate samples following a particular distribution which is not numerically known perfectly. Let us consider a $R^n$ space provided with an orthonormal base $( e_{1},...,e_{...
1 vote
1 answer
216 views

Question about the proof of Propp-Wilson algorithm in Olle Häggström's book

Update: Oops! This is a stupid question and should be closed. The definition of the probability space that contains events $A_i$ requires using a single random stream. I have difficulties ...
2 votes
0 answers
124 views

How to sample uniformly over a polytope knowing its vertex presentation?

Say that a convex polytope $P$ is presented as $P = \mathrm{Conv}(v_1, \dots , v_m)$. I would like to sample over $P$, without generating the facet presentation of the polytope. How can I do that? I ...
8 votes
3 answers
2k views

Sampling uniformly from a sphere

Let $B^{n} _p= ${$ (x_1, \dots, x_n) : |x_1|^p + \dots |x_n|^p = 1 $} be the unit ball in $\mathbb{R}^n$ in the $\ell^p$ norm. If $X_1,\dots,X_n$ are iid $\exp(1)$ -distributed random variables, then ...
14 votes
3 answers
4k views

How to generate random points in $\ell_p$ balls?

How do I feasibly generate a random sample from an $n$-dimensional $\ell_p$ ball? Specifically, I'm interested in $p=1$ and large $n$. I'm looking for descriptions analogous to the statement for $p=2$:...
3 votes
1 answer
446 views

When can you describe a population and its component subpopulations with the same parametric family of distributions?

I believe that it is often the case that you are trying to select the best probability distribution to use to describe some phenomenon you are studying, and you have data not only for a population, ...
0 votes
1 answer
87 views

Definition of sequence sampled from a measure

I have scouted books on statistics, probability, and consulted with mathematicians whom I know, and I have not succeeded in getting a satisfactory answer to this basic question: Question: Exactly what ...
3 votes
1 answer
326 views

Importance resampling with exponential weighting

Suppose that we have $$ \frac{p(x)}{q(x)} \propto \exp(\tau f(x)), $$ where we can sample from $q$ but not from $p$. Our goal is to generate a set of particles $\{x_i\}_{i=1}^n$ such that $n^{-1}\sum_{...
2 votes
0 answers
43 views

When can convolutional integral operators be sampled

Consider an integral operator $F:C^{1/2}([0,T],\mathbb{R}^n)\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ of the form $$ f\mapsto \int_0^T f(t)^{\top}\kappa(T-t)dt, $$ for some $\kappa\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R})(\mathbb{R},\...
3 votes
2 answers
235 views

Is there something like a "self-avoiding Markov chain" on a continuous space?

If stumbled accross self-avoiding walks. They seem to be deterministically generated, but from a quick google search term seem to be randomly generated variants. However, as far as I can see they are ...
1 vote
0 answers
39 views

Does the constrained Wasserstein barycenter admit a blue noise property?

Let $(E,d)$ be a metric space and $\nu$ be a probability measure on $\mathcal B(E)$. In this paper, it is mentioned that sampling from $\mu$ can be described as choosing $n\in\mathbb N$, $x_1,\ldots,...
7 votes
1 answer
246 views

Square-root lattices: where do they appear?

As an experimental physicist working on crystallography I'm often dealing with the reconstruction of an object from intensity data that emerge from an imaging device. In mathematics the problem is ...
3 votes
0 answers
267 views

Injectivity of the convolution operator $f \mapsto (k*f(s))_{s \in S}$ via sampling at $S=\alpha \mathbb Z$

Let $S \subset \mathbb R$ be a set of sampling points, say $S = \alpha \mathbb Z, \alpha >0$. Let $k$ be some convolution kernel and $A$ the operator which maps some $f$ to the sequence $$ Af = (k*...
0 votes
0 answers
70 views

Alternative to the Sampling Theorem / Invertible transform with sampling criteria

I seek a transform $T$ that operates on real-valued $x(t)$, that Is perfectly invertible Has discrete counterpart with continuous reconstructor Provides conditional reconstruction guarantees ...
3 votes
0 answers
39 views

Invertibility of the sampling matrix

Given a function $f: \mathbb{R}^2\rightarrow\mathbb{C}$ sampled as a matrix $F_{ij}$ on some ractangle $[a,b]\times[c,d]\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ with steps $\Delta x$ and $\Delta y$ as the stepsizes so ...
2 votes
1 answer
189 views

Given iid samples from the joint distribution $P$ of pair of r.v.'s $(X,Y)$, how to get iid samples from independence coupling $P_X \otimes P_Y$?

Let $(X,Y)$ be a pair of random variables on a measure space $\mathcal T \subseteq \text{"subsets of }\mathbb R^2\text{"}$, with joint probability distribution $P$. We don't assume $X$ and $Y$ are ...
5 votes
3 answers
687 views

Probability of an edge in a random graph

Consider a vertex set $V$ and a degree sequence $(d_v)_{v\in V}$. I want to know the probability that an edge exists between two given vertices $u$ and $v$ in a random graph with this degree sequence. ...
4 votes
1 answer
181 views

Integral of $\ln(1/|f|)$ for $f$ bandlimited

I came across the following assertion: if $f\in PW_\infty([-a,a])$, i.e. the Bernstein space of functions in $L^\infty(\mathbb{R})$ which are the Fourier transform of a distribution supported on $[-a,...
1 vote
0 answers
33 views

Correlating two matrices $A,B$ with stochastic dependency structure imposed by cross-validation

Consider a labelled data set $$D = \{(x_1, y_1),...,(x_n, y_n)\} $$ on which we want to evaluate a machine learning algorithm using $k$-fold cross validation with $m$ different random seeds. This ...
1 vote
1 answer
158 views

Intuition of the "work" done by random variables in Monte Carlo methods (incl. MCL)

(I've tried Math SE, but have so far come up empty handed, so I'm trying my luck here.) I would like to get a better intuitive understanding of why Monte Carlo works so well in approximating a ...
0 votes
1 answer
260 views

Random sampling from modified Erlang distribution [closed]

I am tasked with randomly sampling from the following probability density function, which is a modified Erlang Function: $$f(k,q,\nu)=\frac{(k q)^{k-1}}{[(k-1) !]^{v}} \quad \text { with } \quad q \...
5 votes
0 answers
121 views

Which operations commute with fractional translation?

Let $\mathbf{v}$ be a real signal (i.e., an infinitely long vector). A translation operation $T_{s}\mathbf{v}$ with integer $s$ is trivially defined by $\forall i,s:\left(T_{s}\mathbf{v}\right)_{i}=v_{...
1 vote
1 answer
61 views

Distribution of a two-part sampling process

I have a known distribution $f(x)$ (in fact, I can safely assume that $f(x)$ is the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, i.e. $f(x)\propto x^2 \exp(-x^2)$). I take $N$ samples from the distribution, but am ...
2 votes
1 answer
74 views

Column subset selection with least angle optimization

Given a matrix $A$ I need to select a "representative" subset of its columns so that the each non-selected column is as close as possible to a selected one. Formally: Given $A \in \mathbb{R}...
2 votes
0 answers
69 views

Are two degree sequences compatible, for random simple graph generation?

Consider a set $V$ of $n$ vertices, and three degree sequences $a_i$, $b_i$ and $c_i$ such that $c_i = a_i+b_i$, $i=1..n$. Assume these degree sequences are graphical: there exist simple graphs (no ...
4 votes
2 answers
754 views

Is it possible to sample uniformly on the surface of a high-dimensional polytope?

There are some pretty simple methods to do uniform sampling on the surface of high-dimensional spheres or cubes. Are there any methods that sample uniformly on the surface of a high-dimensional ...
3 votes
1 answer
768 views

Relation between signal derivative and frequency spectrum

I want to sample a signal whose derivative I know to be bounded by physical constraints. The sampling is disturbed by gaussian noise, hence I need to filter the sample with a lowpass filter. Since I ...
1 vote
1 answer
146 views

Sampling i.i.d. variables with restrictions

General Problem: Suppose $X_1,\ldots,X_n \sim \mathbb{P}_X^{\otimes n}$ is a finite sequence of i.i.d. (real- or integer-valued) random variables. Suppose $A\subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ is a set of "...
6 votes
0 answers
282 views

Probability that a random multigraph is simple

Question. Consider a given sequence of $n$ integers $d_1$, $d_2$, $\cdots$, $d_n$ with $\sum_i d_i$ even and $d_i\le n$ for all $i$. One may sample a random multi-graph having this degree sequence ...
2 votes
1 answer
777 views

Interior point of a convex polytope

Suppose the convex polytope is the set of feasible solutions $\mathbf{x}\in\mathbb{R}^n$ for the linear system $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}\,,\; \mathbf{A}\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ subject to ...
0 votes
0 answers
33 views

Condition on the point cloud matrix making the points "generic" in the uniform sense

For a matrix $X\in\mathbb{R}^{d\times n}$, what condition can I impose on $X$ to make the collection of its columns generic in the sense that they look like the result of uniformly sampling a convex ...
5 votes
2 answers
859 views

Invariant measure vs Riemannian measure on Stiefel manifold

I'm interested in sampling uniformly from the Stiefel manifold $V(k, n)$, but while researching how to do this I came to wonder the following. In Edelman et al. [1] there are presented two ...
21 votes
3 answers
2k views

Sampling from the Birkhoff polytope

The set of $n\times n$ real, nonnegative matrices whose rows and columns sum to one forms the well-known Birkhoff polytope Recently someone asked me if I knew How to sample (in polynomial time) ...
1 vote
1 answer
131 views

Random optimization problem

Let $V$ be a set of $n$-dimensional vectors such that, for each ${\bf v}\in V$ and for each index $i\in [n-1]$, we have $0\le v_{i+1}\le v_i$. Let $P(\cdot)$ be a discrete probability distribution ...
5 votes
1 answer
239 views

What is the pdf of Laplace distribution conditioned on a plane? How can I sample from it?

Our goal is to sample from the Laplace distribution conditioned on a linear subspace. Here are the details of this problem. Let $$p(x) \propto \exp(-\|x\|_1/\sigma)$$ be the pdf of the Laplace ...
4 votes
1 answer
380 views

Minimize the variance of a Boltzmann distribution

N.B.: Sorry for cross-posting from https://stats.stackexchange.com/posts/347804/edit (I realized it was the wrong venue for the question, but couldn't find an easy way to transfer the question here). ...
-2 votes
1 answer
47 views

Using common samples to numerically estimate pairwise equality of three random variables

Let $X,Y,Z$ be three discrete random variables which I can numerically sample. I need to numerically estimate the probability that $X=Y$ and the probability that $X=Z$. I would like to know whether ...
2 votes
0 answers
110 views

Can computers take uniform samples from a polytope?

For each $r \in \mathbb N $ write $\mathbb Z/ 10^r = \{a/10^r: a \in \mathbb Z\}$ and $P(r)$ for the lattice $(\mathbb Z/10^r)^N \subset \mathbb R^N$. Suppose the plane $P \subset \mathbb R^N$ is ...
8 votes
1 answer
395 views

Expectation inequality for sampling without replacement

Is the following proposition correct? $X_1, X_2, X_3$ are uniformly at random sampled from a finite set $\mathcal X$ without replacement. $f : \mathcal X^2 \rightarrow \mathbb R_{\ge0}$ is symmetric:...
2 votes
2 answers
97 views

Draw samples from distribitions in the neighborhood of a fixed distribution

Disclaimer Sorry in advance for vagueness. I'm still trying to get my ideas right on this one. Setup So, let $P$ be a distribution on a Euclidean space $X$ with an $\ell_p$ metric, and let $P_\...
8 votes
1 answer
678 views

Randomly covering a sphere

Let $S$ be the $n$-dimensional unit sphere in the Euclidean space. Further, let $X_1,\ldots,X_k$ and $Y_1,\ldots,Y_m$ be iid $S$-valued random variables with common (unknown) distribution $\mu$. With $...
1 vote
1 answer
750 views

Uniform sampling of random connected graph with given number of vertices/edges

I am looking for algorithms for the exact uniform sampling of connected labelled graphs with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. By "exact" I mean that every such graph should be generated with precisely (not ...
2 votes
1 answer
72 views

Sampling with non-uniform probabilities

Let $p_1,p_2,...,p_n$ are given probabilities. ($\sum_{i=1}^n p_i =1, p_i \geq 0 $). Is there any distribution, which picks $k\leq n$ distinct elements from $1,2,...,n$ such that $P(i \in S) = k p_i$ ...
1 vote
1 answer
127 views

Plancharel-Pólya inequality for functions of exponential type

If $f(z)$ is an entire function of exponential type $\tau$ and $p$ a positive number such that that $$\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}|f(x)|^pdx<\infty$$ then it can be proven that $$\int_{-\infty}^{+\...