Questions tagged [root-systems]
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98
questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
17
votes
0
answers
905
views
Combinatorial identity involving the Coxeter numbers of root systems
The setup is:
$R$ = irreducible (reduced) root system;
$D$ = connected Dynkin diagram of $R$, with nodes numbered $1,2,...,r$;
$\hat D$ = extended Dynkin diagram, nodes numbered $0,1,2,...,r$;
$\...
- 2,429
10
votes
0
answers
400
views
Gram matrix determinant in dimension 4 and $E_8$
Consider a determinant of a Gram matrix in dimension $4$.
$$\begin{vmatrix}
1 & -\cos(\alpha_1) & -\cos(\alpha_2) & -\cos(\alpha_3)\\
-\cos(\alpha_1) & 1 & -\cos(\alpha_6)& -\...
- 4,296
9
votes
0
answers
91
views
A characterization of root systems via their intersections with halfspaces
In a recent preprint I obtained a nice characterization of root systems as a side product.
I can imagine that this was known before, and that a source for this statement can shorten the proof of my ...
- 12.6k
8
votes
0
answers
259
views
A Lie-theoretic question regarding $B\ltimes \mathfrak{g}/\mathfrak{b}$
I am stuck on a seeming elementary Lie-theoretic question arising from a study of components of affine Springer fibers. Will be very grateful if somebody would like to share some insight, or ...
- 1,744
7
votes
0
answers
681
views
Is this construction related to the geometric Langlands program perhaps?
Given a complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$, a choice of Cartan subalgebra $\mathfrak{h}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$ and a dominant integral weight $\lambda$ of $\mathfrak{g}$, there is a natural construction ...
- 5,011
7
votes
0
answers
334
views
Why are fundamental weights denoted by omega?
In my field (and many others, I believe) the absolutely standard notation for the fundamental weights of a root system is lowercase omega: $\omega$. Recently I was taken aback to receive a copyedited ...
- 3,493
7
votes
0
answers
174
views
Regarding $F_4$ and $G_2$ Lie algebras, do there exist $F_n$ or $G_n$ families of Lie algebras?
For example, $E_6$ exceptional Lie algebra is part of the $E_n$ series of Lie algebras (Kac-Moody algebras). Are $F_4$ or $G_2$ maybe also parts of some $F_n$ or $G_n$ series of Lie algebras or are ...
7
votes
0
answers
188
views
Reference for an "elementary" combinatorial fact
This is a question I've been meaning to ask for quite some time.
Fact. For $n\in\mathbb N$ consider the set of segments $R=\{[i,j], 1\le i<j\le n\}$. Let a subset $E\subset R$ be nice iff $E$ is ...
- 3,493
6
votes
0
answers
190
views
Zero-one pairings between sets of vectors
Let
$A\subseteq V$ and
$B\subseteq V^\star$
be spanning sets in
a finite-dimensional real vector space $V$ and
its dual $V^\star$.
Suppose that
$$
\langle b,a\rangle\in\lbrace0,1\rbrace
$$
for all
$a\...
- 799
6
votes
0
answers
256
views
Macdonald's "Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials" Section 1.5 Example 9
I'm trying to follow Example 9 in Section 1.5 of the 2nd edition of Macdonald's book "Symmetric Functions and Hall Polynomials". I have trouble with understanding some points.
Before stating my ...
- 161
6
votes
0
answers
250
views
Branching rules for type B/C/D Hall-Littlewood polynomials
For a root system $\Phi$ of rank $n$ with Weyl group $W$ and a dominant integral weight $\lambda$ consider the Hall-Littlewood polynomial $$P_\lambda(x_1,\ldots,x_n;t)=\frac1{W_\lambda(t)}\sum_{w\in W}...
- 3,493
6
votes
0
answers
172
views
Root system inside the indefinite even unimodular lattice $II_{10,2}$
I apologize for asking questions that seem likely to be answered in Conway & Sloane's "Sphere Packings, Lattices, and Groups" if I knew where to look.
Let $L$ be the unique* even unimodular ...
- 27.7k
6
votes
0
answers
326
views
Non-crystallographic cluster algebras
Background
Fomin and Zelevinsky have introduced cluster algebras in an influential article. To define a cluster algebra, Fomin and Zelevinsky have defined a mutation of seeds. Here, a seed $(\mathbf{...
- 2,580
5
votes
0
answers
244
views
Lie algebras, root systems and qubits
This post is about some concepts I am experimenting with. They are related to the Atiyah problem on configurations. They kind of mix Lie algebras and qubits. Given a compact (say semisimple) Lie group ...
- 5,011
5
votes
0
answers
209
views
Reference about the root systems $E_{n}$, $n \ge 10$
I am trying to understand the root systems $E_{n}$, $n \ge 10$. In particular, I would like to find some references which describe the number of real roots and imaginary roots of a given degree.
...
- 6,121
5
votes
0
answers
131
views
$q$-Kostant partition function and flow polytopes?
The Kostant partition function is known to be related to volumes and Ehrhart polynomials of flow polytopes of graphs (see e.g. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00031-008-9019-8 or https://...
- 22.9k
5
votes
0
answers
276
views
Can the Weyl orbits of fundamental weights tell us the Cartan matrix?
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra, $\Delta$ its root system contained in $\mathfrak{t}^{\vee}$ for a Cartan sub-algebra $\mathfrak{t}$ of $\mathfrak{g}$. Let $W$ be its Weyl group....
- 461
5
votes
0
answers
156
views
Kostka polynomials in root systems other than A
The q, t - Kostka polynomials $K_{\lambda\mu}(q, t)$ are defined as follows (all notations I do not explain here come from the classical book by Macdonald: Symmetric Functions and Hall polynomials, ...
user38762
5
votes
0
answers
272
views
root system generalizations of Sekiguchi-Debiard (aka Laplace-Beltrami) operators
For the root system $A_n$, taking the limit $q = t^\alpha$ and $t \to 1$, and letting $Y = (t-1) X -1$ one obtains from the Macdonald operator the so-called Sekiguchi-Debiard operator:
$$D_\alpha(X) =...
- 4,354
4
votes
0
answers
191
views
Schur polynomials are polynomials but also sequences on a lattice?
Monomial symmetric polynomials in $n$ variables $x_1, \ldots x_n$ form a natural basis for the space $\mathcal{S}_n$ of symmetric polynomials in $n$ variables and are defined by additive ...
4
votes
0
answers
90
views
Interpretation of the coefficients in the sum of positive roots
Take a finite Cartan datum with index set $I$, simple roots $\{\alpha_i\mid i \in I\}$ and positive roots $\Phi^+$. Let $2\rho=\sum_{\alpha\in\Phi^+}\alpha$ be the sum of the positive roots and write $...
- 558
4
votes
0
answers
96
views
Why is the $A$-series root system best written in a vector space of one dimension higher?
In the classification of root systems, we have four families $A_n,B_n,C_n$, and $D_n$, and six exceptionals $E_6,E_7,E_8, F_4$, and $G_2$. For every non-exceptional case except $A_n$, the root system ...
- 113
4
votes
0
answers
239
views
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the exceptional simple Lie group E6, E7, E8
What is the significance of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the exceptional simple Lie group root lattice to the Lie group or other mathematics branches?
For example,
E6, we have
$$
\left(
\begin{...
- 2,137
4
votes
0
answers
64
views
Stability of infinite root systems with a long path in their Coxeter diagrams
Given a Cartan matrix associated to a Coxeter diagram, I can modify it by replacing one of the edges in the diagram with a long chain of vertices connected by simply laced edges; for example, this is ...
- 453
4
votes
0
answers
227
views
Do these Zariski-dense subgroups of complex Chevalley group have non-empty intersection with this Bruhat cell?
Let $G$ be a complex Chevalley group (not necessarily adjoint type) with $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}-rank}\geq2$ and let $H$ be a normal subgroup of $G(\mathbb Z)$ with a finite index (so $H$ is Zariski ...
- 71
4
votes
0
answers
151
views
Is one of the hyperplane partitions of a irreducible root system always generate the whole Weyl group?
Let $\Delta$ be a irreducible root system and $\Delta^+$ be its positive roots.
We say a subset $\Delta^{\prime}\subset \Delta^+$ can generate the Weyl group if reflections of roots in $\Delta^{\...
- 8,707
4
votes
0
answers
99
views
About the geometry of the set of weights that is strongly linked to $\lambda$
Define $\eta\uparrow\lambda$ if $\eta=\lambda$ or $\eta=s_\alpha\cdot\lambda<\lambda$ for some $\alpha\in\Phi^+$. More generally, $\eta\uparrow\lambda$ if $\eta=\lambda$ or $\eta=s_{\alpha_1}s_{\...
- 1,855
4
votes
0
answers
129
views
Panyushev's conjectured duality for root poset antichains
In his 2004 paper "ad-nilpotent ideals of a Borel subalgebra: generators and duality" (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021869303006380), Panyushev conjectured (Conjecture 6.1) the ...
- 22.9k
4
votes
0
answers
87
views
Good range and fair range
Let $G$ be a noncompact simple Lie group with complexified Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. Fix a Cartan involution $\theta$, which defines a maximal compact subgroup $K$ of $G$. Take a $\theta$-stable ...
- 831
4
votes
0
answers
183
views
Reference request for generalized root systems
Where can I find information on root systems where the inner product
is other than the standard (all positive) signature?
- 451
4
votes
0
answers
157
views
$N_{w \theta} \cap wN_{\theta}w^{-1}$ is normal in $N_{w \theta}$
Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over a field $k$, $A_0$ a maximal $k$-split torus, $\Phi = \Phi(A_0,G)$, and $\Delta$ a base of $\Phi$. Let $P_0$ be a minimal $k$-parabolic subgroup containing ...
- 6,110
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votes
0
answers
582
views
Lusztig's definition of quantum groups
In his book Introduction to quantum groups, Lusztig gives a definition (Def 3.1.1) of the rational form $U^{\mathbb{Q}(q)}_q$ that is rather different from the usual approach (see [1,Ch.9.1] for ...
- 1,651
4
votes
0
answers
230
views
Affine Steinberg groups vs Steinberg groups over Laurent polynomials
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $\Phi$ be a finite (also called spherical) reduced irreducible root system of rank $\geq 2$. I will denote by $\mathrm{St}(\Phi,R)$ the Steinberg group of type $\Phi$ ...
- 493
4
votes
0
answers
92
views
Highest (short) roots and commutation relations in (twisted) DAHA
I am trying to understand, explicitly, the commutation relation between $X_\vartheta$ and $Y_\vartheta = T_0T_{s_\vartheta}$ in the (twisted) DAHA for a root system $R$, where $\vartheta$ is the ...
- 41
3
votes
0
answers
114
views
Root space inner products and the partial order on roots
For a root system $R$ and a choice of positive roots $R^+$ it is a standard fact (see, e.g., Bourbaki, "Lie Groups and Lie Algebras," Theorem 1 of Section 1.3 of Chapter VI) that
if $(\...
3
votes
0
answers
150
views
Disconnected reductive algebraic groups in Sage
All simply connected split simple groups have been implement on Sage and it is possible to find their highest roots, fundamental weights, Dynkin diagrams or compute the tensor of two of their ...
- 350
3
votes
0
answers
89
views
How to determine sublattices S of a root lattice R
Let $R$ be a root lattice of a irreducible root system $\Phi$.
Suppose $W$ is a Weyl group of $\Phi$ and $S$ is a sublattice of $R$ which is $W$-stable and satisfies $|R/S|<\infty$.
For example, ...
- 89
3
votes
0
answers
171
views
The group of fixed points of an involution of a Weyl group
Let $R$ be a reduced root system in a vector space $V$ over $\mathbb Q$.
Let $W=W(R)$ denote its Weyl group.
Let $S\subset R$ be a basis of $R$ (a system of simple roots).
Let $D=D(R,S)$ denote the ...
- 13.6k
3
votes
0
answers
247
views
Singular del Pezzo surfaces and degeneration of root systems
Let $S$ be a smooth del Pezzo surface of degree $d$ and $K_S^*$ the anticanonical class. It is well known that the set of classes
$$R(S)=\{\alpha\in H^2(S,\mathbb Z)|\alpha^2=-2,\alpha\cdot K_S^*=0\},$...
- 1,701
3
votes
0
answers
142
views
Relation between root subgroups and the root system in unitary groups
Consider a 4-dimensional non-degenerate unitary space over a field of order 4. It can be shown that there are 45 isotropic lines. For each such a line one can associate a unitary transvection and each ...
3
votes
0
answers
172
views
Description of real roots of Kac—Moody algebra
Let $\Delta$ be a root system associated to a generalized Cartan matrix, $\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n$ its simple roots.
It is known that if $\Delta$ is of finite, affine or hyperbolic type, $\alpha=\...
- 3,101
3
votes
0
answers
125
views
Cohomology of root data
Let $(X,\Phi,X^\vee,\Phi^\vee)$ be a semisimple root datum (in the sense of SGAIII), and $W_0$ its (finite) Weyl group. What is known about the cohomology groups $H^n(W_0, X^\vee)$ ?
- 1,644
3
votes
0
answers
56
views
Self-map of a set for which the sizes of fibers of iterates are given by polynomials
I am interested in functions $f\colon X\to X$ (where $X$ is some countable set) such that for every $x \in X$ there exists a polynomial $P_x$ such that $\#(f^k)^{-1}(x)=P_x(k)$ for all $k \geq 1$.
...
- 22.9k
3
votes
0
answers
156
views
How large is the intersection of the root system of a subalgebra of a compact Lie algebra with the original root system?
Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional real compact Lie algebra and $\mathfrak{t}\subset \mathfrak{g}$ a maximal abelian subalgebra. Let $\Delta(\mathfrak{g}_\mathbb{C},\mathfrak{t}_\mathbb{C})\...
- 1,890
3
votes
0
answers
253
views
How do I obtain Vandermonde identity from Weyl's denominator formula?
Let $\Phi$ be a root system with Weyl group $\operatorname{Weyl}(\Phi)$, let $\Phi^+$ be a set of positive roots for $\Phi$ and $\rho$ be the half sum of the elements of $\Phi^+$. Then the Weyl's ...
- 1,479
3
votes
0
answers
120
views
Synonyms for "labeling" of a graph
In Preprint 1 we write numerical labels 0 or 1 at each vertex of a Dynkin diagram $D$. We call it a labeling of the graph (Dynkin diagram) $D$.
In Preprint 2 we consider an extended (affine) Dynkin ...
- 13.6k
3
votes
0
answers
284
views
Conjugation of faces in root systems / of parabolic subgroups having same Levi in split reductive groups
If $(V,\Phi)$ is a root system of rank $n$, one knows that its Weyl group $W$ acts simply and transitively on Weyl chambers. But in general, if $d\lt n$, the action of $W$ on faces of dimension $d$ is ...
- 31
2
votes
0
answers
157
views
Root system terminology
Let $\Phi$ be a root system. In a paper I'm writing, I need to work with subsets $\Phi' \subset \Phi$ satisfying the following two conditions:
For all $\lambda_1,\lambda_2 \in \Phi'$ and $c_1,c_2 \...
- 21
2
votes
0
answers
135
views
The Cartan is a complex vector space but the root system is real?
Let $\frak{g}$ be a complex semisimple Lie algebra with some choice of Cartan subalgebra $\frak{h}$. The dual space $\frak{h}^* = \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathbb{C}}(\frak{h},\mathbb{C})$ is a complex vector ...
- 1,144
2
votes
0
answers
47
views
Multiplicative invariants of non-reduced root systems
It is a well known fact (cf. [1] VI.3.4 Thm. 1) that if $\Phi$ is a (reduced) root system with weight lattice $P$ and $W$ is the Weyl group of this root system, then the algebra of invariant ...
- 543