Questions tagged [rational-functions]
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133
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A question about the existence of rational functions
I am reading a paper Representations of shifted quantum affine algebras. I have a question about the existence of a rational function about the remark $4.4$
I'll briefly describe the problem.
We let $...
2
votes
1
answer
93
views
Bound for the $n$-th derivative of a proper rational function with no poles on the right half-plane
Suppose that
$f$ and $g$ are polynomials with nonnegative coefficients,
the degree of $g$ is greater than the degree of $f$,
$g + f$ have no zeros on the right half plane $\mathbb{C}_+ = \{z \in \...
2
votes
0
answers
89
views
Unirationality connected with $S$-unit equation
This update of question asked before.
Let $n$ be a natural number. Consider a subvariety in $\mathbb A^{3n+2}$ (say over $\mathbb C$) given by the equation
$$x_1(t-y_1)\dots (t-y_n)+x_2(t-z_1)\dots(t-...
5
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1
answer
136
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Upper bound for the $n$-th derivative of a rational function $\frac{f}{f+g}$
Let $f$ and $g$ be real polynomials with nonnegative coefficients. Let
$$
h = \frac{f}{f+g}.
$$
I want to prove that the $n$-th derivative of $h$ satisfies:
There exists $C > 0$ such that
$$
|h^{(...
1
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0
answers
229
views
Confusion regarding the invariant rational functions
I was reading S. Mukai's- An Introduction to Invariants and Moduli, and I came across Proposition 6.16 on page 195 (see the screenshot below)
It says that "every invariant rational function can ...
1
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0
answers
102
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On counter-examples to Noether's Problem
Noether's Problem was introduced by Emmy Noether in [4]:
Let $\mathsf{k}$ be a field and $K=\mathsf{k}(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ be a purely transcendental extension. Let $G<S_n$ be a group acting by ...
2
votes
1
answer
91
views
Numerical method with rational nodes and weights to compute exact value of definite integral?
Description
Let $p(x)$ be a polynomial of degree $n$ and rational coefficients.
I'm interested in computing numerically the exact value of the integral $I$, which is also rational
$$I = \int_{a}^{b} p(...
0
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0
answers
41
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Educated guess for algebraic approximation
I found a very neat ancient hindi formula for approximating square roots using rational numbers. After doing some algebra on the formula, i came across with this recursive relation:
Given any number $...
5
votes
1
answer
106
views
Jordan curve boundaries of Fatou components
Let $f:\mathbb C\to \mathbb C$ be a rational map and let $J(f)$ and $F(f)$ denote the Julia and Fatou sets of $f$, respectively.
Let $\mathcal S$ be the set of all boundaries of Fatou components. ...
1
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0
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155
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How to link the rank of Elliptic Surfaces and Elliptic Curves over function fields?
I have been investigating certain elliptic surfaces for my research, and when giving a presentation, I was asked why when given an elliptic surface $E$, say given in Weierstrass form
$$E\colon y^2+a_1(...
2
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A closed expression for definite integral of a rational function
Suppose $F(x) = P(x)/Q(x)$ is an integrable rational function on $\mathbb R$, that is, $\deg Q \geq \deg P + 2$, and $Q$ has no real roots.
Does there exist an expression for the definite integral $...
11
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1
answer
930
views
In the rational numbers, is every convergent power series a Taylor series for a rational function?
David Roberts wrote in the comment section of the blog post "Convergence of an infinite sum in the rationals" the following paragraph:
Someone mentioned (I think on Twitter) that the Taylor ...
1
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0
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86
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When is the product of two elements in algebraic closures of rational functions a constant function?
I have one question on some interactions between sum and product of elements in algebraic clsoures of rational polynomials over algebraically closed fields.
My question is as follows:
Let E and F be ...
3
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3
answers
1k
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Positivity of a one-variable rational function
Let's consider the $1$-variable rational function
$$F(z):=\frac{1-z}{(z^3 - z^2 + 2z - 1)\,(z^3 + z^2 + z - 1)}.$$
Numerical evidence convinces me of the truth of the following.
QUESTION. Can you ...
8
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586
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What are the rational functions on a noetherian affine scheme?
Let $A$ be a noetherian ring and $X=\operatorname {Spec}A$ the corresponding affine scheme.
There are three rings which might reasonably be called the ring of rational functions on $X$.
a) The total ...
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How to prove or disprove $ |r'(a)| \leq c_1 \sup_{x \in [a-1/2,a+1/2]} |r(x)|$?
Let $ A = \begin{bmatrix}
a & 1 \\ 0 & a
\end{bmatrix}$ be a Jordan matrix with $ -1 < a < 1 $.
Let $r(z) = \frac{p(z)}{q(z)}$ be an irreducible rational function, where $p(...
9
votes
2
answers
621
views
Is $\mathbb{Q}$ the orbit of a rational function under iteration?
In this previous post I asked for the smallest set of continuous real functions that could generate $\mathbb Q$ by iteration starting from $0$. Surprisingly one continuous function suffices.
In the ...
2
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0
answers
71
views
Is there a finite set of polynomials generating all rational numbers by iteration?
In this previous post I asked for the smallest set of continuous real functions that could generate $\mathbb{Q}$ by iteration starting from 0. Surprisingly one continuous function suffices.
The ...
33
votes
2
answers
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What is the smallest set of real continuous functions generating all rational numbers by iteration?
I recently came across this problem from USAMO 2005:
"A calculator is broken so that the only keys that still
work are the $\sin$, $\cos$, $\tan$, $\arcsin$, $\arccos$ and $\arctan$ buttons. The ...
11
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0
answers
497
views
A curious observation on the elliptic curve $y^2=x^3+1$
Here is a calculation regarding the $2$-torsion points of the elliptic curve $y^2=x^3+1$ which looks really miraculous to me (the motivation comes at the end).
Take a point of $y^2=x^3+1$ and ...
3
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1
answer
160
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A question about decompositions of rational functions
Let $f_1,g_1,f_2,g_2$ be non-constant rational functions on the Riemann sphere (i.e. elements of $\Bbb{C}(z)-\Bbb{C}$) satisfying $f_1\circ g_1=f_2\circ g_2$. Suppose there is a prime number $p$ such ...
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Arranging the $k$ solutions of $r(z)=te^{i\theta}$ into $k$ continuous functions of $(t,\theta)$
I have originally opened this question on MSE, but I migrated here, since I realized this environment is more suitable.
Let $r$ be a rational function, that is, quotient of two coprime polynomials $p,...
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votes
3
answers
711
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Subtraction-free identities that hold for rings but not for semirings?
Here is a concrete, if seemingly unmotivated, aspect of the question I am interested in:
Question 1. Let $a$ and $b$ be two elements of a (noncommutative) semiring $R$ such that $1+a^3$ and $1+b^3$ ...
3
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0
answers
43
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Convexity of integral trajectories of rational vector field
Suppose we have a vector field determined by a rational function,
of the form
$$
R(z) = \alpha i z + \sum_{j=1}^k \frac{c_j}{z-r_j}
$$
where $\alpha \in \mathbb{R}$, and the other constants are in $\...
1
vote
1
answer
656
views
Algebraic closure of $\mathbb{C}(t)$
Let $\mathbb{C}(t)$ be the field of rational functions $f(t) = \frac{p(t)}{q(t)}$ with $p,q\in\mathbb{C}[t]$.
For instance, the function $g(t) = \sqrt{t}$ does not belong to $\mathbb{C}(t)$ but is ...
8
votes
3
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937
views
residue calculation for rational function
A colleague and I are working on a problem and part of it comes down to evaluating the residue of a rational function. In particular,
$$
\mathrm{Res} \left( z^{kn-1} \left( az^{m}+1 \right)^{-k}; r \...
5
votes
2
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323
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Approximation of analytic function by a fixed number of monomials
This question seems simple but I can't manage to disprove it. Let $N\in \mathbb{N}$. We know that by its analyticity that this precise linear combination of monomials
$
\sum_{n=0}^K \frac1{n!} x^n
$
...
-1
votes
1
answer
86
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Inferring polynomial rate of convergence from polynomial bound
Let $x_n$ be a non-negative valued sequence and suppose that the following hold:
$\lim\limits_{n\to\infty} x_n =0$
There exists some polynomial function $p$ of degree at-least $1$ such that:
$$
\|x_n\...
1
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0
answers
45
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Characterization of dimension over $\mathbb{Q}$ of infinite sums of rational functions
Let $P(n)=(n+r_1)(n+r_2)...(n+r_k)$ be a polynomial with simple, rational, negative roots (i.e. $r_i>0$) and degree $k\geq 2$ (I stick with negative roots as I don't have to worry about dividing by ...
4
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2
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410
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Roots of polynomials of particular type
How to find the solutions $x $ of the following equation: $$\frac{n_1}{x + n_1} + \frac{n_2}{x + n_2} + \cdots +\frac{n_k}{x + n_k} = 1$$ where $n_i$s are natural numbers.
For the case $k=2$, I get ...
1
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0
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Extension of closed-form solvability of polynomial equations of x and exp to rational expressions?
Is my conjecture below true?
It's a new conjecture. It's an extension of Lin's theorem in [Lin 1983] which is cited in [Chow 1999] - see both references at the bottom of this page.
It seems that Ferng-...
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273
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Algebraic geometry additionally equipped with field automorphism operation
I am looking for some facts on theory, which is essentially algebraic geometry but with field automorphisms added as 'basic' operations. (Precisely, I mean universal algebraic geometry for (universal) ...
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Constructive definition of noncommutative rational functions (aka free skew fields)
The question
Let $F$ be a field. (I am fine with assuming $F=\mathbb{Q}$, but I suspect
that a "right" answer will be independent of $F$.) Let $k$ be a nonnegative integer.
Question. Is ...
1
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1
answer
119
views
Determine whether a rational function on the codomain of a surjective morphism is regular
Let $X$ be a smooth affine algebraic variety with a (not necessarily free) action by an algebraic torus $T$. Let $Y$ be the quotient stack $X/T$ and let $p:X\rightarrow Y$ be the quotient map. Suppose ...
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2
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300
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Chebyshev rational approximation of $e^{x}, x >0$: does it exist?
It's well known that the scalar function $e^x$, for $x \in (-\infty,0]$ can be approximated by Chebyshev rational approximation. In practice, one wants to use a partial fraction decomposition form ...
0
votes
1
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519
views
How I can prove or disprove that $\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+x}=1$ has solutions in rationals? [duplicate]
The motivation of this question is to look if there is such solution in rational number to the identity which mentioned here, I have done many attempts using Wolfram Alpha to find such pairs of ...
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640
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Again, polynomial bijection $f:{\mathbb Q}\times{\mathbb Q}\times{\mathbb Q}\to {\mathbb Q}$
Assume that there is no polynomial $f(x,y)\in{\mathbb Q}[x,y]{}$ such that $f\colon {\mathbb Q}\times{\mathbb Q}\to {\mathbb Q}$ is a bjiection. Does this imply that there is no polynomial $f(x,y,z)\...
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4
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Does there exist a rational polynomial $P(x)\in{\mathbb Q}[x]{}$ such that $P(\zeta(s))=\zeta(P(s))$?
let $P(x)\in{\mathbb Q}[x]{}$ be a rational polynomial with $P(1) >1$ and $\zeta $ be the Riemann zeta function , I want to know if there exist a rational polynomial such that $P(\zeta(s))=\zeta(P(...
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Trasforming a system of rational equations into an equivalent system of polynomial equations
Suppose that a system of rational equations $r_1=0, r_2=0, \dots, r_m=0$ defines a zero dimensional variety $V$.
Is there an algorithm to produce polynomials $p_i$, starting from the rational ...
4
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1
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340
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About $a_n = \frac{a_{n-1}(a_{n-1} + C)}{a_{n-2}}.$
Let $A,B,C > 0$. Put $a_1 = A$ and $a_2 = B$ and, for integer $n > 2$,
$$a_n = \frac{a_{n-1}(a_{n-1} + C)}{a_{n-2}}$$
and
$$ T = \lim_{k \to \infty} \frac{a_k}{ a_{k - 1}}.$$
Notice the limit ...
13
votes
1
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786
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“Taylor series” is to “Volterra series” as “Padé approximant” is to _________?
Padé approximants are often better than Taylor series at representing a function. Given a Taylor series, one can use Wynn's epsilon algorithm to easily produce the Padé approximants to it.
Volterra ...
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Extend any morphism to suitable projective variety? [closed]
Let $F: X\to \mathbb{P}^n$ be a morphism from an affine variety to projective space (over some algebraically closed field of characteristic zero). Can we always find an open immersion $\iota: X\...
4
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246
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How to measure how much a rational function/a singularity of variety is complicated?
There are some theorems about various zeta functions which states the rationality of those.
For example, when you consider Igusa's zeta function, roughly the generating series of solutions mod $p^n$ ...
8
votes
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419
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When does $\sqrt{a_1} + \cdots + \sqrt{a_k} \in K$ imply $\sqrt{a_1}, \ldots, \sqrt{a_k} \in K$?
Consider $R = \mathbb{Z}[X_1, \ldots, X_k]$, the polynomial ring in $k$ variables over $\mathbb{Z}$, and let $S = \mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{X_1}, \ldots, \sqrt{X_k}]$. Then $S/R$ is an integral extension of ...
0
votes
0
answers
104
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Root of the expectation of a random rational function
I am trying to figure out a formula for the unique $\lambda>1$ such that
$$
\mathbb{E}\bigg[\frac{X}{\lambda -X}\bigg]=1
$$
where $X$ is a discrete random variable taking values in $\{\frac{1}{n},....
3
votes
2
answers
612
views
Transformation of a fourth degree polynomial
Given $$ P (x) = ax ^ 4 + bx ^ 3 + cx ^ 2 + dx + e = a (x ^ 2 + p_1x + q_1) (x ^ 2 + p_2x + q_2) $$ for some $ a, b, c, d, e, p_1, q_1, p_2, q_2 \in \mathbb R$, prove that $ P (x) $ can be reduced to ...
0
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0
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44
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Algorithm to determine if a rational fraction has only non negative coefficients
Is there an algorithm that takes as input a polynomial in two variables $P \in \mathbb{N}[x,y]$ and outputs YES if and only if the coefficients of the series $\frac{1}{1-(x+y)} - \frac{1}{1-P}$ are ...
4
votes
0
answers
171
views
On sums of minima and maxima
Let $h_1,\ldots,h_n$ be positive integers, and define
$$m(h_1,\ldots,h_n)=\sum_{r_1=0}^{h_1-1}\ldots\sum_{r_n=0}^{h_n-1}\min\left\{\frac{r_1}{h_1},\ldots,\frac{r_n}{h_n}\right\}$$
and
$$M(h_1,\ldots,...
3
votes
1
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297
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Detecting if a series represents a rational function
A lemma by Kronecker states that the series $f(z):= \sum_{i=0}^{\infty} c_i z^i$ represents a rational function if and only if for every $m \gg 0$ the determinant of the following matrix is equal to ...
3
votes
1
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475
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Relation between coefficients of expansions
Related to Relations between coefficients of expansions of a rational function at 0 and infinity
I commented at the linked question that the question seemed less about what happened "at infinity", ...