Questions tagged [polynomials]
Questions in which polynomials (single or several variables) play a key role. It is typically important that this tag is combined with other tags; polynomials appear in very different contexts. Please, use at least one of the top-level tags, such as nt.number-theory, co.combinatorics, ac.commutative-algebra, in addition to it. Also, note the more specific tags for some special types of polynomials, e.g., orthogonal-polynomials, symmetric-polynomials.
2,541
questions
0
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0
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44
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Monotonicity of ratio of symmetric polynomials
The complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials of degree $\ell$ in $n$ variables are defined by
\begin{equation*}
h_{\ell}(x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n) = \sum_{1 \leq i_1 \leq i_2 \leq \ldots \leq i_{\ell} \...
5
votes
2
answers
432
views
On the derivative of the Bernstein polynomial
$\newcommand\Z{\Bbb Z}\newcommand\De{\Delta}$For a natural $n$ and a function $g\colon\Z\to\Bbb R$, let $B_n g$ be the corresponding Bernstein polynomial, so that
$$(B_n g)(x)=\sum_{k\in\Z} g(k)\binom ...
2
votes
1
answer
338
views
Why is this polynomial factorizable? [closed]
I met a curious problem on factorizing a homogenerous polynomial of degree 9.
Problem: Show that the following polynomial can be divided by $(a_1+a_2+a_3)$:
\begin{align}
&\quad\left|
\begin{array}...
4
votes
0
answers
67
views
Combinatorial interpretation of a pfaffian identity?
Let $n$ be a positive even integer. We introduce three types of skew-symmetric matrices, $A_{n+2}$, $B_n$ and $C_n$ (the subscript denotes the dimension of the matrices)
in terms of the variables $z_1,...
3
votes
0
answers
176
views
Do all polynomials (other than generalized cyclotomic polynomials) have the spaced polynomial property?
Anna Erschler just asked me a question that is posed as Question 1.2 in her recent preprint with J. Frisch and M. Rychnovsky. I am asking it here with her permission - since I find it interesting (...
4
votes
0
answers
214
views
When $\langle u,v,w \rangle$ is a maximal ideal in $\mathbb{C}[x,y]$?
Let $u,v,w \in \mathbb{C}[x,y]$ and let $\langle u,v,w \rangle$ be the ideal generated by $u,v,w$.
It is known that for two elements the following result holds:
$\langle u,v \rangle$ is a maximal ...
5
votes
1
answer
151
views
Rational functions of order $3$
Let $p$ be a prime, let $\mathbb K$ a field with $\operatorname{char}(\mathbb K)=p$ and $\mathbb{K}(x)$ be the field of fractions of the polynomial ring $\mathbb{K}[x]$, i.e. $$\mathbb{K}(x)=\left\{\...
7
votes
2
answers
513
views
Polynomials such that $|p(z)|\leq p(|z|)$
Let $p(x)=1+p_1x+p_2x^2+\cdots+p_nx^n$ be a polynomial with real coefficients and no positive zeros. Define
$$\mu(x)=\frac{xp'(x)}{p(x)}, \hspace{3ex} \sigma(x)=x \mu'(x).$$
Many years ago, as part of ...
11
votes
2
answers
709
views
What relationship is there between repeated roots of discriminants and orders of roots of the original polynomials?
Disclaimer:
I asked this problem several days ago on MSE, I'm cross-posting it here. The title sounds like a high school problem, but (as a grad student not in algebra) it feels subtle/deep.
...
-2
votes
0
answers
78
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System of polynomial equations and its Jacobian determinant
double post
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4875170/system-of-polynomial-equations-and-its-jacobian-determinant
Does this propostion hold?
Proposition
Let $\mathbb{C}[x_1,...x_n]$ be a ...
2
votes
1
answer
93
views
Bound for the $n$-th derivative of a proper rational function with no poles on the right half-plane
Suppose that
$f$ and $g$ are polynomials with nonnegative coefficients,
the degree of $g$ is greater than the degree of $f$,
$g + f$ have no zeros on the right half plane $\mathbb{C}_+ = \{z \in \...
-1
votes
0
answers
45
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Does a constant $C>0$ exist such that for $\forall\ p\in\mathbb{C}[z_1,z_2]$ we have: $\sup_{z\in rD^2}|p(z_1,z_2)|\le C\sup_{z\in D^2}|p(z_1,z_2)|$?
Question: Does a finite constant $C>0$ exist such that for $\forall\ p\in\mathbb{C}[z_1,z_2]$ we have:
$$\sup_{z\in r \mathbb D^2}|p(z_1,z_2)|\le C\sup_{z\in \mathbb D^2}|p(z_1,z_2)|$$
where $r>...
3
votes
1
answer
135
views
Solving a recursion for polynomials defined by a matrix product
Define the polynomial $p_n(X) \in \mathbb{Z}[X_1,...,X_n]$ as the top left entry in $A^n$ for the $(d \times d)$ matrix
\begin{align*}
& A = \left(\begin{matrix}
X_1 & \dots & \...
1
vote
0
answers
126
views
What is the possible reminders modulo 4 of an "odd part" of a polynomial?
Let $f(x)$ be a polynomial with integer coefficients. Let $f(x) = 2^k \cdot m$ where $m$ is odd. The questions are
What are the possible values of $m \mod 4$ (1, 3 or both)? I want the algorithm ...
6
votes
1
answer
182
views
What is the smallest $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ multiple of $(x-1)^n$ in the coefficient vector $\ell_1$ sense?
Define a norm $\lVert p \rVert_1$ for $p\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ as the sum of absolute values of the coefficients of $p$, as expressed in the ordinary monomial basis. What is the smallest norm of a ...
4
votes
0
answers
96
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Finding the paper "Polynomial Inequalities" by Borislav Bojanov
I'm looking for the paper
B. D. Bojanov, Polynomial inequalities, in “Open Problems in Approximation Theory” (B. Bojanov, Ed.), pp. 25–42, SCT, Singapore, 1993.
The above reference is taken from the ...
0
votes
0
answers
87
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On polynomial equation of fourth order depending on two parameters and bound on a maximal root
I would like to apologize in advance for a too technical question. Let us consider the following fourth order polynomial equation in $x$:
\begin{eqnarray}
F(x) \equiv (2 a p +2)x^4+ (6a(1-a)p^...
2
votes
1
answer
88
views
Does a polynomial $P(X,Y)$ that specializes to a polynomial $P(x_0,Y)$ with distinct roots in $\overline{k}$ have distincts roots in $\overline{k(X)}$
Let $k$ be a field, $P\in k[X][Y]$ be a monic polynomial of degree $n$ in $Y$.
I am looking for a simple proof of the following fact.
"If there exists $x_0\in k$ such that $P(x_0,Y) \in k[Y]$ has ...
0
votes
0
answers
63
views
Hensel lifting of roots of a biquadratic polynomial
Let $5$ divide $p-1$. Therefore, we have $$1+x+x^2+x^3+x^4=(x-\alpha)(x-{\alpha}^2)(x-\alpha^3)(x-\alpha^4)=f_1f_2f_3f_4$$ over $F_p,$ where $\alpha$ is an element of order $5$ in ${F_p}^\times.$ We ...
5
votes
1
answer
136
views
Upper bound for the $n$-th derivative of a rational function $\frac{f}{f+g}$
Let $f$ and $g$ be real polynomials with nonnegative coefficients. Let
$$
h = \frac{f}{f+g}.
$$
I want to prove that the $n$-th derivative of $h$ satisfies:
There exists $C > 0$ such that
$$
|h^{(...
0
votes
1
answer
143
views
Coefficients of 0,1-polynomials factorization
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $P_{n}$ is $0,1$-polynomial whose coefficients are binary digits of $n$.
Let $Q_{1}(x) \cdot Q_{2}(x) \cdots Q_{m}(x)$ - polynomial factorization (over integers) of $P_{n}$.
...
3
votes
0
answers
238
views
On thickness of binary polynomials
OEIS A169945 introduces the concept of thickness of a polynomial as the magnitude of the largest coefficient in the expansion of the square of the polynomial. Considering the $2^{n+1}$ polynomials $p(...
25
votes
1
answer
954
views
Is every polynomial of the form $2x^{2n} -x^n +1$ irreducible over $\mathbb{Z}$?
Is every polynomial of the form $2x^{2n} - x^n +1$ irreducible for $n>0$?
Motivation: A few years ago a student asked if $29$ was the largest number which is prime and one more than a perfect ...
0
votes
0
answers
66
views
Quick calculation of a symmetric product with two indices
Say I have a product $\prod_{1\le i \le N-1}\prod_{i<j\le N-1} (1+t_i t_j a_{ij})$, where $a_{ij}$s are real number. I want to calculate the coefficient of $\prod_{0 \le i < N} t_i$. Is there an ...
1
vote
1
answer
128
views
common zeroes of multivariable polynomials
Let $P_1(X,Y),\cdots,P_n(X,Y)$ be polynomials of $\mathbb C[X,Y]$ not all zero and $S$ be an infinite subset of $\mathbb C^2$ such that $P_1,\cdots,P_n$ vanish on $S$. My question:
do there exist a ...
0
votes
1
answer
38
views
relations between non-negativity of multivariate polynomials and SOS over gradient ideal
We know there is a necessary condition for the non-negativity of multivariate polynomials in the paper "Sum of Squares Decompositions of Polynomials over their Gradient Ideals with Rational ...
2
votes
1
answer
133
views
Existence of an integer coefficients polynomial with prescribed bounds on [0,4]
Is there a polynomial f with integer coefficients that satisfies the following criteria:
f is not constant;
for all $x\in[0,1]$, $1-\frac{1}{x}\leq f(x)\leq \frac{1}{x}$;
For all $x\in [1,4]$, $0\leq ...
1
vote
1
answer
92
views
Extension of eigenvalue and eigenprojection to its complex neighbourhood for constantly hyperbolic operator
I am reading a paper named The block structure condition for symmetric hyperbolic systems written by G. Metivier. There is a statement really has bothered me for a long time.
Consider the following ...
3
votes
1
answer
298
views
Rationals polynomials with integers values
I have asked this question here (*), but there are no answer.
Let $q \in \mathbb N \cap [2,+\infty[$ and $P \in \mathbb Q[x]$ with $\forall k \in [0,\deg(P)] \cap \mathbb N, P(q^k) \in \mathbb Z$.
Is ...
0
votes
1
answer
109
views
Loss of degree for polynomials
Let $q$ be a power of a prime $p$, $m$ be an integer greater than $0$. Does there exist polynomials $P_0,\cdots,P_m$ of $\mathbb F_q[T]$ not all in $\mathbb F_q$ such that there exist polynomials $Q_0,...
4
votes
0
answers
120
views
Vanishing exponential sums of fractional parts of polynomials
Let $p$ be an integer polynomial and $k$ be a natural number, both fixed. Is it the case that if
$$C(\alpha) = \sum_{i=1}^k e(\alpha \{p(i)/k\})$$
equals 0, then $\alpha$ is an integer? Here, $e(x) = ...
0
votes
0
answers
103
views
How many isolated points can a degree $d$ planar curve have?
Let $p(x,y)\in\mathbb R[x,y]$ be a bivariate polynomial of degree $d$. What is the maximum possible number of its acnodes (i.e. isolated roots in $\mathbb R^2$ not counting multiplicities)?
A pretty ...
2
votes
0
answers
59
views
Eulerian polynomial from Bruhat interval - h* of something?
Let $\sigma \in S_n$ be a fixed permutation.
Consider the polynomial
$$
P_{\sigma}(t) = \sum_{\substack{\pi \in S_n \\ \pi \leq \sigma}} t^{\textrm{des}(\pi)}
$$
where $\leq$ denotes Bruhat order, and ...
0
votes
1
answer
93
views
Necessary and/or sufficient condition for invertibility of the gradient of a polynomial of $m$ variables, viewed as a self map of $\mathbb{R}^m?$
I was wondering whether the following is true, and if not, is something known in this direction?
Let $P:\mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}$ be a degree $r$ polynomial (not necessarily homogeneous) that ...
0
votes
0
answers
61
views
Reference Request: Factorization method for polynomials whose maximum absolute value of coefficient is 1
So, today I came up with a method for factoring polynomials whose coefficients are either $-1$ or $1.$
Let me explain with examples.
Example No. 1. Factorize $P(x)=x^8+x^7+1$
Solution. It is known ...
1
vote
0
answers
44
views
generating set of polynomial ring
I am considering the polynomials $P=P[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n]$ with coefficients in a ring $R$. Consider a subset $S=\{p_1,p_2,\ldots,p_k\}$ of $P$. There is a map $f\colon P[x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_k] \to P$ ...
0
votes
1
answer
130
views
On the solutions of system of homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$ in $n$ variables
Consider the following two system of n homogeneous polynomials in n variables of degree $d$ with complex coefficients:
System 1 ($S_1$):
$f_1(x_1,\dots,x_n) = 0$,
$f_2(x_1,\dots,x_n) = 0$,
$\vdots$
$...
0
votes
0
answers
58
views
Linear recurrences in coefficients of powers of quotients of polynomial rings
It is known that linear recurrences with constant coefficients
can be computed via powers in $\mathbb{Z}[x]/f(x)$.
We believe that this generalizes to quotients of multivariate polynomial
rings.
Let $...
4
votes
0
answers
138
views
Does an instance of this generalisation of the determinant exist?
Let $n$ be composite, $d$ a divisor greater than $1$ and $m=n/d$. Does anybody know if there is a general mapping $T$ from $n×n$ matrices to $m×m$ matrices that preserves the determinant? Over a field ...
0
votes
0
answers
102
views
Non-isomorphic cubic fields with a given discriminant
For a cubic field $K$ with defining polynomial $P(x)=x^3 + \frac{39}{25}x^2 + \frac{22}{25}x +\frac{4}{25}$ Magma calculates the discriminant $D=-3340$.
...
4
votes
1
answer
340
views
Sufficient condition for a probability distribution on $\mathbb Z_p$ to admit a square-root w.r.t convolution
Let $p \ge 2$ be a positive integer, and let $Q \in \mathcal P(\mathbb Z_p)$ be a probability distribution on $\mathbb Z_p$.
Question. What are necessary and sufficient conditions on $Q$ to ensure ...
2
votes
0
answers
65
views
Set partitions with big blocks - real-rooted polynomials?
The polynomials
$$
T_n(t) := \sum_{\pi \in \text{Set Partitions}(n)} t^{\text{blocks}(\pi)} = \sum_{k=1}^n S(n,k)t^k
$$
with $S(n,k)$ being the Stirling numbers of the second kind, are well-known to ...
1
vote
1
answer
227
views
Zeroes of elementary polynomials without involving closed-form solutions
Consider the following two polynomials, where $n$ is an integer:
$$
p_n(x) = x^3-\frac1nx-\frac2n, \\
q_n(x) = x^2-\frac2n.
$$
For any $n$, let $x_p=x_p(n)$ and $x_q=x_q(n)$ be the unique positive ...
0
votes
1
answer
190
views
Simple question about 0,1-polynomials
Being interested in these polynomials, would like to clarify one small observation.
Let $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and $P_{n}$ is $0,1$-polynomial whose coefficients are binary digits of $n$.
Let $n$ has prime ...
0
votes
0
answers
176
views
Proof that the zeroes of certain polynomials are increasing with respect to degree
Choose $k+1$ positive integers $d_j\in\{0,1,2,3,\ldots\}$ and let $d=(d_1,\ldots,d_k)$.
Consider the following polynomial equation over the positive reals:
$$
\sum_{j=1}^{k}\frac1{x^{d_j}} = x^{d_{k+1}...
10
votes
2
answers
463
views
Polynomial inequalities of the form $\int_0^1 |f(x)|^2 x \,dx \geq C \int_0^1 |f(x)|^2 \,dx$
Let $P_n$ denote all (real or complex) polynomials $f(x)=\sum_{k=0}^n a_k x^k$. I'm interested in inequalities of the form
$$
\int_0^1 |f(x)|^2 x \,dx \geq C \int_0^1 |f(x)|^2 \, dx, \quad \text{for ...
18
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Polynomials with many zeros of absolute value 1
Let $S$ be a finite subset of the positive integers. Define $N_S(x) =
1-(1-x)\sum_{j\in S}x^j$. Assume that $N_S(x)$ is symmetric, i.e.,
$x^dN_S(1/x)=N_S(x)$, where $d=\deg N_S(x)$. It seems that $N_S(...
1
vote
0
answers
53
views
Factorization of the symmetric function identity $E(t)=1/H(t)$ with the refined Euler characteristic polynomials of associahedra / Lagrange inversion
I've come across two matrix identities, flagged with daggers below, relating the two sets of elementary and complete homogeneous symmetric polynomials/functions via the two sets of refined Lah and ...
0
votes
1
answer
61
views
Can non-periodic discrete auto-correlation be inversed?
I'm trying to understand whether discrete auto-correlation can be reversed.
That is, we are given $t_0, \dots, t_n \in \mathbb C$ and a set of equations
$$
t_{k} = \sum\limits_{i=0}^{n-k} b_i b_{i+k},
...
36
votes
6
answers
3k
views
Number of real roots of 0,1 polynomial
$0,1$ polynomial has coefficients from $\{0,1\}$.
I investigate the number of roots in such polynomials.
We are talking about real roots, and multiples are counted only once.
It was found numerically ...