Questions tagged [periodic-functions]

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15 votes
2 answers
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A conjecture about $\lfloor n!\cdot q/e\rfloor-\,!n\cdot q$

I was thinking about this question asked at Math.SE, when I came up with the following conjecture. For every $q\in\mathbb Q$ consider a sequence $s_n^{(q)}$ (terms within the sequence are indexed by $...
Vladimir Reshetnikov's user avatar
14 votes
5 answers
2k views

What is $\sum (x+\mathbb{Z})^{-2}$?

This is a simple question, but its been bugging me. Define the function $\gamma$ on $\mathbb{R}\backslash \mathbb{Z}$ by $$\gamma(x):=\sum_{i\in \mathbb{Z}}\frac{1}{(x+i)^2}$$ The sum converges ...
Greg Muller's user avatar
  • 12.7k
13 votes
1 answer
640 views

Would efficient factoring have any *other* useful applications?

This question is certainly somewhat opinion-based, but hopefully not hopelessly so. The granddaddy of all applications for an efficient period finding or factoring capability (e.g. Shor's algorithm) ...
tparker's user avatar
  • 1,243
11 votes
1 answer
624 views

Periodic function $f$ for which $f(x^2)$ is periodic too

There is the following question which was asked multiple times on Math.SE (e.g. here and here) without any final result: Question: Is there a periodic function $f:\Bbb R \to\Bbb R$ of smallest ...
M. Winter's user avatar
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8 votes
1 answer
725 views

Does there exist a nonconstant, periodic, real analytic function with period 1 and rational Maclaurin coefficients?

Does there exist a nonconstant, real analytic function $f \colon \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ such that $f$ is periodic with period 1 and whose Maclaurin coefficients are all rational? (The function $\...
Ken Fan's user avatar
  • 870
6 votes
3 answers
241 views

Vanishing periodizations $\sum_{k \in \mathbb Z} f(t+ak)$ of a function $f$ for different values of $a$ implies $f=0$?

Consider a continuous function $f : \mathbb R \to \mathbb C$ with rapid decay (e.g. $|f(t)| < e^{-t^2}$). For a constant $a>0$ let $$ F_a(t) = \sum_{k \in \mathbb Z} f(t+ak) $$ be the ...
user975628's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
211 views

A limit related to quasi-periodic function

Let us consider $V(x) = 2-\sin(x) - \sin(\sqrt{2} x)$ on $x\in \mathbb{R}$ so that $V(x)>0$ everywhere. One can see that $$ \frac{C_1}{t^2} \leq \min_{|x|\leq t} V(x)\leq \frac{C_2}{t^2} $$ ...
Sean's user avatar
  • 311
5 votes
1 answer
787 views

Besicovitch Almost Periodic Functions a subspace of what?

The common example of a nonseparable Hilbert space comes from the collection of Besicovitch almost periodic function spaces. Starting with $L^p_{\text{loc}}(\mathbb{R})$ we look at those elements ...
Greg Zitelli's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
45 views

Approximation of triply periodic minimal surfaces with trigonometric level sets

Some triply periodic minimal surfaces are known to be approximated by trigonometric level sets very accurately. To see this, let's sample a gyroid scaled to the bounding box $[0, 1]^3$ exactly through ...
Greg Hurst's user avatar
5 votes
0 answers
134 views

The space of periodizable tempered distribution

The periodization operator $\mathrm{Per}$ is defined for a Schwartz function $\varphi \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ as \begin{equation} \mathrm{Per} \{ \varphi \} (x) = \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} \varphi( ...
Goulifet's user avatar
  • 2,174
4 votes
1 answer
509 views

Are the irrotational and solenoidal parts of a smooth vector field linearly independent?

Let $\textbf{F}\in \mathbb{R}^3$ be a smooth vector field for all space. It is well known using Helmholtz decomposition that we can decompose $\textbf{F}$ into two vector fields in $V$: $$\textbf{F} = ...
MrPie 's user avatar
  • 185
4 votes
1 answer
225 views

Under what conditions can interval exchanges be approximated by periodic maps?

Under what conditions can an interval exchange be approximated by periodic maps? (in the weak topology for the Lebesgue measure on $[0,1]$ ). Are there non-trivial examples of periodically ...
Mostafa's user avatar
  • 403
4 votes
1 answer
193 views

Periodic functions over different lattices in $\mathbb R^d$ are linearly independent [closed]

I have the following claim that I think have been proved by someone, but I can not find the reference, hence I would like to ask for help. Here is the claim: Let $f_1, \ldots, f_n$ be continuous ...
sweehong's user avatar
  • 320
4 votes
0 answers
381 views

Evaluating an integral of a periodic function. It's positive?

My purpose is to show that this integral  \begin{equation} I_t(x)=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}e^{-\frac{\cosh^2(u)}{2x}}\,e^{-\frac{u^2}{2 t}}\,\cos\left(\frac{\pi\,u}{2t }\right)\,\cosh(u)\,du\,\,,\,\,x,...
ppooppii's user avatar
  • 141
3 votes
1 answer
352 views

Fourier series of $e^{(\cos(\pi x) - m)^2}$

I'm looking for the Fourier coefficient of a "periodic Gaussian", which writes $$ f(x) = e^{-\frac{1}{2s}(\cos(\pi x) - m)^2} $$ It is a real even 2-periodic function, so its Fourier ...
gaspardb's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
780 views

Almost periodicity of Bessel functions

We know that a periodic function (e.g. a trigonometric function) has the property $$ f(x+n\Lambda)=f(x) \qquad n\in\mathbb Z $$ A Bessel function is not exactly periodic, because the value of the ...
DrManhattan's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
556 views

When is the periodisation of a function continuous?

Consider a function $f\in\mathcal{C}_0(\mathbb{R})$, where $\mathcal{C}_0(\mathbb{R})$ denotes the space of bounded continuous functions vanishing at infinity. I am interested in the $T$-periodisation ...
MatthieuMeo's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
158 views

Negative eigenvalue for a periodic Sturm-Liouville problem

Let $f \in C^{\infty}([0, 2\pi])$ be a smooth function and consider the following periodic Sturm-Liouville problem: $$\begin{cases} u''(x) + f(x)u(x) = - \lambda u(x) \\ u(0) = u(2\pi) \\ u'(0) = u'(2\...
Eduardo Longa's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
121 views

An elliptic function built from a log-theta-function integral?

I'm studying the apparent ellipticity of $$\Theta(z,a):=\frac{\exp(\tfrac2a\int_0^a\ln\vartheta(x+z)\,dx)}{\vartheta(z)\vartheta(z+a)},\tag1$$with $a$ is a free parameter and \begin{align}\vartheta(z)&...
Antonio DJC's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
260 views

Smoothing a periodic function of two variables

Let $F \colon \mathbb{R}^2 \to \mathbb{R}^n$ be a $C^{1}$-function 1-periodic in each variable, so it can be considered as a function on the flat torus $\mathbb{T}^2 = \mathbb{R}^2 / \mathbb{Z}^2$. We ...
demolishka's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
105 views

Probability of Intersection of Randomly Shifted Pulses

Defining a function $f_{a,T}:\mathbb R \to \{0,1\}$ to be $T$-periodic ($\forall x: f_{a,T}(x)=f_{a,T}(x+T)$), with $a\in[0,T]$ such that $\forall x\in [0,T] : f_{a,T}(x)= 1 \iff x\in [0,a]$. Given ...
Dudi Frid's user avatar
  • 255
2 votes
1 answer
178 views

The sum of $q^{-2}$ over nonzero Gaussian integers

I'm reading about the Weierstrass zeta function. In this context, $\phi(z)=\zeta(z)-\pi\bar{z}$ is periodic over the lattice $$\mathcal{L}=\{a+bi\mid a,b\in\mathbb{Z}\}.$$ If we take $w\in\mathcal{L}\...
isz's user avatar
  • 31
2 votes
1 answer
463 views

What is the big-O time complexity of computing $1/N$ to $\log_{2}(N)$ bits of precision?

I am considering large integer values of $N$ (100 or more digits in base-$10$). In my algorithm, I need to be able to compute the reciprocal of $N$ with enough precision that the repetend will have ...
DDS's user avatar
  • 99
2 votes
1 answer
115 views

$x '(t) + g (x (t)) = f (t),\quad \forall t\in \mathbb R$ have periodic solution $\iff\; \frac 1T \int_0 ^ T f (t) dt \in g (\mathbb R) $

I have a research work concerning the equation: $$x '(t) + g (x (t)) = f (t),\quad \forall t\in \mathbb R$$ f and g are defined and continuous in $\mathbb R$ and with values ​​in $\mathbb R$. ...
Pascal's user avatar
  • 1,503
2 votes
0 answers
56 views

Name of functions that are the discrete sum of a periodic discrete function

Research I am currently engaged in involves the usage of discrete functions of the following form. Let $a$ be a finite sequence of integers with length $n$ with $a^\infty = a \circ a \circ \dots$ ...
Jondow8's user avatar
  • 21
2 votes
0 answers
72 views

Periodic functions on groups

I'll give you some context: We can say that a (classic) periodic function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ with period $\omega$ is an invariant function under the cyclic subgroup $G=\langle\omega\...
PQH's user avatar
  • 171
2 votes
0 answers
111 views

Can all (inverse) trigonometric functions with periodic iterates be characterized?

I wonder whether all (composites of) trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions with periodic functional iterations can be found. In order to specify what I mean by that, let's introduce some ...
Max Muller's user avatar
  • 4,485
1 vote
2 answers
1k views

Is there a periodic function without minimum period such that all the possible periods are irrationals? [closed]

Let $f:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R$ be a periodic function. We say $f$ is without minimum period if, $\forall t$ such that $f(x+t)=f(x)\forall x$, there is a $t'$ such that $0<t'<t$ and $f(x+t')=f(x)\...
alberto.bosia's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
237 views

Convergence of a sum to the integral

Let $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a 1-periodic function. I am looking about the conditions on $(a,b)\in\mathbb{R}^2$ such that we have the property : $$\frac{1}{n}\sum_{\ell=0}^{n-1}f(a+b\...
Christophe's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
129 views

To find a $2\pi$-periodic function with a property

I recently came across the following question in my research, and I don't know how to proceed this problem. Question: How to find a function $g(x)$ such that it satisfies (1) $2\pi$ periodic (2) odd (...
tony's user avatar
  • 297
1 vote
1 answer
620 views

Discretizing a cosine function?

I'd like to start by noting that for some fixed natural $N$ basis functions for my system will be generated by $f(k,x)$ as defined and explained here or in numerous other sources: $$f(k,x) = \sqrt2 \...
Francis's user avatar
  • 231
1 vote
1 answer
101 views

Bounds of periodic functions formed from infinite series of shifts

Recently, I have become quite obsessed with the follow series: $$f(t,x)=\sum_{m=-\infty}^{\infty} (-1)^m f(t+x m)$$ where $f$ is analytic. This series automatically produces a periodic function with ...
Bobby Ocean's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
45 views

Can we bound the squared Gaussian curvature of genus three triply periodic minimal surfaces?

Assume that $\mathcal{M}$ is a balanced triply periodic minimal surface of genus 3, embedded in a flat torus $T^3=\mathbb{R}^3/\Lambda$ for a lattice $\Lambda$ with volume 1. I want to understand the ...
Matthias Himmelmann's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
52 views

Mean of a periodic velocity field and trajectory displacement bound

Suppose $u(t,x)$ is a smooth velocity field on $[0,\infty)\times \mathbb{R}$ and periodic in space, i.e., $u(t,0)=u(t,1)$ $\forall t$. Assume that $\int_0^1 u(t,x) \,dx = c$, independent of time. Let $...
Stephen C. Preston's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
196 views

Quantification of the extent of periodicity in a time series using fractal analyses

I need metrics to quantify and compare the extent of periodicity between any two given time series, considering the time series were "almost periodic". By "almost periodic" I mean: if I were to take ...
np20's user avatar
  • 111
0 votes
1 answer
270 views

Least common period of a finite sum of exponentials

Hello, I have come across the function $f(t) = \sum_{j=1}^n c_j e^{2 \pi i a_j t}$ with $c_j \in \mathbb{C}$, $c_j\neq 0$ and $a_j\in\mathbb{R}$, $a_j \neq 0$ for $j=1,...,n$, and the $a_j$ ...
Eric Foxall's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
38 views

Lower bound of infinite sum of shifts

This is an extension of https://mathoverflow.net/posts/452526. So, it appears that $\sin(xt)$ serves as a better lower bound instead of a linear equation, in fact the series appears to uniformly ...
Bobby Ocean's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
156 views

Solving a nonlinear differential equation

I need to solve the following equation: $$y'(t)+2[\cos y(t)+\Omega(t)]=0,$$ where $$\Omega(t)=-2\eta +\frac{2(\eta^2-1)}{\eta-\cos(4\sqrt{\eta^2-1}t)}$$ with $\eta>1$. Undoubtedly, the differential ...
Young Q's user avatar
  • 43
0 votes
0 answers
164 views

What functions can one try employing to fit an apparently doubly-periodic real function over $[0,1]$?

I have a cosine-like data curve over $x \in [0,1]$ that I can rather well-fit by a function of the form $a \cos{2 \pi x} +b$. Although good, the fit is still lacking, in that the residuals from the ...
Paul B. Slater's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
27 views

Difference between $W^{k,p}([0,1]^d)$ and $W^{k,p}(\mathbb{T}^d)$

Let $\mathbb{T}^d \sim \mathbb{R}^d/\mathbb{Z}^d$. I know that $$W^{k,2}(\mathbb{T})\equiv\{f\in W^{k,2}([0,1]); f^{(i)}(0) = f^{(i)}(1), i = 0, \ldots, k-1\}.$$ Are there similar characterizations ...
Housen's user avatar
  • 176
-1 votes
1 answer
76 views

Fundamental of a signal

Consider the space $S$ of real functions with the norm $$\|f\|^2 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2/2} f^2(x) ~\mathrm{d}x, $$ or any reasonable Euclidean norm such that bounded ...
Arthur B's user avatar
  • 1,882