Questions tagged [nonnegative-matrices]
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85
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Is this proof of Perron's theorem correct, and if so is it original?
A few years ago, I came up with this proof of Perron's theorem for a class presentation:
https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~web6720/Perron-Frobenius_Hannah%20Cairns.pdf
I've written an outline of it below ...
26
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Uniquely reconstruct a matrix $M$ from its inverse $M^{-1}$ if $n$ elements of $M^{-1}$ are unknown and $n$ elements of $M$ are given
This question was motivated by a recent MO post. You know $n$ elements of the $N\times N$ matrix $M$ and you do not know $n$ elements of the inverse $M^{-1}$ (but you know the other $N^2-n$ elements ...
25
votes
5
answers
2k
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When is a matrix power nonnegative
The following question came up today during a discussion:
Suppose $A$ is an $n \times n$ real matrix. Is there some way to tell whether there exists an integer $q > 0$ such that $A^q$ is ...
21
votes
3
answers
2k
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Sampling from the Birkhoff polytope
The set of $n\times n$ real, nonnegative matrices whose rows and columns sum to one forms the well-known Birkhoff polytope
Recently someone asked me if I knew
How to sample (in polynomial time) ...
13
votes
1
answer
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When is a matrix similar to a non-negative matrix?
Consider a real square matrix $A$ of size $n\times n$. Under which conditions on $A$ does there exist a row-stochastic matrix $U$ (non-negative, rowsums = 1), such that $A'=U^{-1}AU$ is a non-negative ...
12
votes
2
answers
3k
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Eigenvalues of nonnegative integer matrices
Edit
I realized that the key piece of information that I need is question 1, and so I'd like to rephrase this post:
What are the possible eigenvalues of nonnegative integer matrices?
Any answer to ...
12
votes
2
answers
1k
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Matrix inequality $(A-B)^2 \leq c (A+B)^2$ ?
Let A and B be positive semidefinite matrices. It is not hard to see that $(A-B)^2 \leq 2A^2 + 2B^2$. In fact, $2A^2 + 2B^2 - (A-B)^2 = (A+B)^2$ is positive semidefinite.
My question is: Is there a ...
12
votes
3
answers
699
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How to find Suleimanova's work on the Nonnegative Inverse Eigenvalue Problem?
Many papers cite the work of Suleimanova when studying inverse eigenvalue problems - in particular, the nonnegative inverse eigenvalue problem (NIEP). However, I cannot seem to find her work anywhere....
11
votes
2
answers
702
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Encyclopedia of properties of nonnegative matrices
I'd like to buy a book that contains more or less all known properties of elementwise nonnegative nonnegative matrices, i.e. matrices $A$ such that $a_{ij} \ge 0$ for all $1 \le i,j \le n$.
Chapter 8 ...
10
votes
2
answers
717
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Product $PVPVP$ is elementwise nonnegative?
Let $P\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ be the inverse of a positive definite M-matrix and $V\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ be any diagonal matrix. Prove (or disprove) that $PVPVP$ is elementwise nonnegative.
...
10
votes
0
answers
401
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A conjecture of Blakley and Dixon about odd powers of positive matrices
In a 1966 paper Blakley and Dixon conjecture the following. Let $S$ be a symmetric matrix with nonnegative entries and let $u$ be a unit vector with nonnegative entries. For integers $k\ge j$ both odd,...
8
votes
4
answers
1k
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Doubly stochastic matrices as squares of entires of unitary matrices
Given a unitary matrix $A$ with entries $a_{ii}$, it's clear that the matrix $B$ with entries $b_{ii} = |a_{ii}|^2$ is doubly stochastic. Is the inverse of this statement true? Namely, given a ...
8
votes
2
answers
692
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Factor matrix ${\bf A}$ into the product ${\bf B}{\bf C}$ where ${\bf C}$ has no negative entries and ${\bf B}$ has few non-zero entries
This is a more carefully worded version of this question, here tailored to professional mathematicians.
Consider a matrix ${\bf A}\in{\bf M}_{n\times n}({\mathbb R})$ with possibly positive, negative ...
8
votes
1
answer
594
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Inequalities for Hadamard products of complex symmetric matrices
Consider a complex symmetric matrix $$ C= C_R + i C_I $$ with $C_R,C_I \in \text{Mat}_{n\times n}(\mathbb R)$ symmetric, and assume that the eigenvalues of $C_R$ are all strictly positive. Then, $C$ ...
8
votes
2
answers
651
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Finding a matrix from its diagonal and the off-diagonal elements of its inverse?
This question comes from https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/457375/recover-full-covariance-matrix-from-covariance-diagonal-and-precision-off-diagon where it have not found answers. So, let $\...
8
votes
1
answer
287
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Distance from nonnegativity of some orthonormal vectors
Suppose that $1 < k < n$. Does there exist a constant $\beta > 0$, such that for every $k$ orthonormal vectors $f_1,\ldots,f_k \in \mathbb R^n$,
there exist $k$ orthonormal vectors with ...
8
votes
0
answers
394
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Eigenvalues of cyclic stochastic matrices
Let's consider the following $n \times n$ cyclic stochastic matrix
$$ M= \begin{pmatrix}
0 & a_2 & & & &b_n \\\
b_1 & 0& a_3& &&& \\\
& b_2 & ...
7
votes
1
answer
4k
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How much can a diagonal matrix change the eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix?
Suppose that we have a symmetric matrix ${\bf S}$ with eigenvalue decomposition ${\bf S} = {\bf Q}{\bf \Lambda}{\bf Q}^T$. Assume that we have two diagonal matrices ${\bf D}_1$ and ${\bf D}_2$ that ...
7
votes
2
answers
735
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An extension of the Golden-Thompson inequality
For three symmetric positive semidefinite matrices $A, B,C$, I am trying to figure out if the following inequality holds, at least in some cases:
$$ \operatorname{tr} \left( A e^{B+C} \right) \leq \...
7
votes
1
answer
439
views
"Unimodality" of the positive eigenvector of a non-negative irreducible matrix?
Consider an eigenvalue / eigenvector problem for a matrix $A$ that is known to be non-negative and irreducible (so the Perron-Frobenius theorem applies):
$$\sum_j A_{ij} x_j = \lambda x_i$$
Here $\...
7
votes
1
answer
1k
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Determinant of some covariance matrix (Gaussian kernel process)
Let $x_1,\dots,x_p$ be $p$ points in $\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\geq 2$) with $x_1=0$. Consider the symmetric matrix $M(x)=(m_{ij}(x))_{1\leq i,j\leq p}$ where $m_{ij}(x) = \exp(-\frac{1}{2}\Vert x_i - x_j\...
7
votes
1
answer
382
views
Which zero-diagonal matrices contain the all-one vector in their columns' conic hull?
Let $A$ be a non-negative zero-diagonal invertible matrix. Which $A$ make the following assertions true, which are all equivalent:
The all-one vector $j$ is contained in the conic hull of $col(A)$.
...
6
votes
2
answers
1k
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Extreme points of transportation polytope
I'm interested in $n \times m$ joint probability tables with prescribed row and column marginals. Such tables form a convex set known as the transportation polytope. What are the extreme points of ...
6
votes
2
answers
437
views
Is a normal matrix satisfying $A^TA=...$ circulant?
Let $A=\{a_{ij}\}$ be a normal matrix such that $a_{ij}\geq 0$ with equality iff $i=j$. Suppose that
$$
A^TA=\begin{pmatrix}
a & b & \cdots & b\\
b & a & \ddots & \vdots\\
\...
6
votes
1
answer
886
views
A matrix inequality involving the Hilbert-Schmidt norm
This question comes from a problem in PDEs on which I'm currently working. Let $a$ be a $3\times 3$ matrix, real symmetric and positive definite. Denote with $\|a\|^2 _ 2=\sum a_{ij}^2$ the square of ...
6
votes
3
answers
524
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Product and convex combination of two stochastic matrices
Let $K_1$ and $K_2$ be two $N \times N$ stochastic matrices (hence non-negative and rows adding up to one) with zeros on the diagonal. If $\alpha \in (0,1)$, is it possible to have
$$K_1 K_2 = \...
6
votes
2
answers
4k
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similarity transformation into symmetric matrices
I want to determine some structures of matrices that can be transformed into a symmetric matrices using similarity transformation, i.e.,
$B=T^{-1}AT$
where $T$ is the similarity transformation ...
6
votes
0
answers
99
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What is this matrix decomposition called and does it exist always? - II
Given a rank $2r$ matrix $M\in\Bbb Q_{\geq0}^{n\times n}$ can we find two matrices $M_+\in\Bbb Q_{\geq0}^{n\times n}$ and $M_-\in\Bbb Q_{\geq0}^{n\times n}$ each of rank at most $r$ such that $M=M_+-...
5
votes
2
answers
1k
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spectral radius monotonicity
I encountered an inequality when reading a paper. Can someone help to show how to prove it?
Let be the spectral radius of matrix $A$ or $\rho(A)=\max\{|\lambda|, \lambda \text{ are eigenvalues of ...
5
votes
2
answers
274
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An equality relation for complex numbers off the nonnegative real axis [closed]
For every complex number $z$ off the nonnegative real axis there exist positive numbers $p_0,... ,p_n$ such that $\sum_{i=0}^n p_iz^i = 0$.
Finding difficulty in proceeding with the problem. Need ...
5
votes
4
answers
759
views
Expected value of the spectral radius of a random nonnegative matrix
I have two questions, the second of which is related to this question posed by Denis Serre.
Let $X$ be a random variable and suppose that $Y=|X|$ (e.g., $Y$ could be the folded normal distribution). ...
5
votes
1
answer
589
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Nonnegative matrices and singular values
I would like to prove (or prove it is not true with a counter example) the following result:
Let $A$, $B$ be two squares matrices of size $n\times n$ with positive entries.
If $A \leq B$, then $\sum_{...
5
votes
1
answer
407
views
Determining the primitive order of a binary matrix
Let ${\bf A}_n$ be an $2n \times 2n$ matrix that is defined as follows
$$
{\bf A}_n=\left(
\begin{array}{c}
0&0&\cdots&0&0&0&0&1&1\\
0&0&\cdots&0&0&...
5
votes
1
answer
609
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Characterizing invertible nonnegative matrices with bounded sums
Almost a year ago, I asked in this question about obtaining a tight bound on the sum of the entries of the inverse of a strictly positive definite matrix. Denis Serre gave a nice counterexample ...
5
votes
0
answers
424
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Non-diagonalizable positive matrices
Let $n\geq 3$ and $E_n$ be the set of $n\times n$ matrices $A$ satisfying the $3$ following properties:
$\bullet$ its entries $(a_{i,j})$ are positive integers.
$\bullet$ the eigenvalues of $A$ are ...
5
votes
0
answers
226
views
An inequality concerning non-negative integer matrices with constant row and column sums
[I posted this question on math.stackexchange a few weeks back, but no luck there so far: https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1095659/an-inequality-concerning-non-negative-integer-matrices-with-...
4
votes
1
answer
541
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No arbitrary product of matrices has eigenvalue 1?
Consider the matrix $D$, adjacency matrix of an undirected graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, with the notation that $d_{i,i}=0,\forall i$.
The matrices $A_i$ are constructed from Identity matrices, $I_{n*n}$...
4
votes
2
answers
396
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Frobenius normal form of a doubly stochastic matrix
If $A \in M_n(\mathbb{C})$, then $A$ is called reducible if there is a permuation matrix $P$ such that
$$
P^\top A P =
\begin{bmatrix}
A_{11} & A_{12} \\
0 & A_{22}
\end{bmatrix}, $$
in ...
4
votes
1
answer
289
views
What is this matrix decomposition called and does it exist always?
Given a rank $2r$ matrix $M\in\Bbb Q^{n\times n}$ can we find two matrices $M_+\in\Bbb Q_{\geq0}^{n\times n}$ and $M_-\in\Bbb Q_{\geq0}^{n\times n}$ each of rank $r$ such that $M=M_+-M_-$ holds?
...
4
votes
2
answers
185
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Requesting reference for result from linear algebra on Schur complements of M-matrices
In my research in linear algebra, I have come across a useful result stating that the Schur complement of a principal non-singular submatrix of an M-matrix is also an M-matrix, but I have never found ...
4
votes
1
answer
423
views
non negative solution of the matrix equation $A^T U A = U - C$ if C is non-negative
Given $A$ a matrix with spectral radius smaller than 1 and a matrix $C$ symmetric.
It can be shown that $U=\sum_{k=0}^\infty (A^T)^k C A^k$ converges, is symmetric and is the solution of the equation ...
4
votes
1
answer
214
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Spectrum of primitive nonnegative integer matrices
Let $P(X) = a_nX^n + \cdots + a_1X + a_0$ with $a_i \in \mathbb Z$.
Question 1. Is there an efficient criterion on the $a_i$ to decide if there exists a primitive nonnegative integer matrix with ...
4
votes
1
answer
291
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On the real and finite field rank of a $0/1$ matrix - I
Let $M\in\{-1,0,+1\}^{n\times n}$ be a matrix of rank $r$.
Consider the matrix $f(M)\in\{0,+1\}^{mn\times mn}$ where $0$ in $M$ is replaced by $m\times m$ all $0$ matrix, $+1$ in $M$ is replaced by $m\...
4
votes
1
answer
405
views
Proving convergence of modified ALS for non-negative matrix factorization
The general Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem asks that for given a matrix $X \in \mathbb R^{m,n}_{0+}$ (with this notation meaning a matrix containing real numbers greater than or equal ...
4
votes
1
answer
429
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Finding all local maximum points of a function?
Let ${\boldsymbol \theta}=(\theta_1,\theta_2,\ldots,\theta_n) \in{\mathbb T}^n$ and $P:{\mathbb T}^n\rightarrow {\mathbb R}$ be a function defined on $n$-torus as
$$
P({\boldsymbol \theta}) = \sum_{i&...
4
votes
0
answers
923
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Generate non-negative linear combinations of non-negative vectors with different supports
(I will not be surprised if this problem has been solved and/or has a trivial solution – I just do not know the right terminology to google for it.)
So the problem is as follows. I have an $m \...
3
votes
1
answer
3k
views
Non symmetric matrices with real eigenvalues
Consider the following block matrix
$A=\pmatrix{A_1 & A_2\cr kA_2^\top & A_3}$
where $A_1$ is a symmetric matrix, $A_3$ is diagonal matrix and all entries of $A$ are real and non-negative.
...
3
votes
1
answer
179
views
Which nonnegative matrices have exact nonnegative matrix factors of smaller dimensionality?
The nonnegative matrix
$V = \left( \begin{array}{cc}
1 & 1 \\
1 & 1 \end{array} \right)$
has nonnegative matrix factors $W = \left( \begin{array}{c} 1 \\ 1 \end{array} \right)$ and $H = \...
3
votes
1
answer
902
views
numerical range of a column-zero-sum matrix
I am trying to produce an example of a (necessarily non-normal) matrix that has only eigenvalues with positive real part, but whose numerical range contains elements with strictly negative real part. ...
3
votes
2
answers
1k
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Eigenvectors and eigenvalues of Tridiagonal matrix with varying diagonal elements
is it possible to analytically evaluate the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues of a tridiagonal $n\times n$ matrix of the form :
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & b & 0 & ... & 0 \\\
b & 2 &...