Questions tagged [semigroups-and-monoids]

A semigroup is a set $S$ together with a binary operation that is associative. Examples of semigroups are the set of finite strings over a fixed alphabet (under concatenation) and the positive integers (under addition, maximum, or minimum). A monoid is a semigroup with a neutral element. Of course, any group is also a monoid/semigroup.

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Generating functions in countable commutative monoids

Let $f: \mathbb{N}_0 \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ be a function. The power series of $f$ can be viewed as the function $\mathscr{P}_f : q \mapsto \sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}_0}^{} f(n)q^n$ where $q \in \mathbb{...
Tian Vlašić's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
85 views

A recursive description of the smallest divisor-closed subsemigroup containing a set

Let $S$ be a semigroup and $\widehat{S}$ be its unitization, i.e., the monoid obtained from $S$ by adjoining an identity element if necessary (so that $\widehat{S} = S$ when $S$ is already a monoid). ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
150 views

Every homomorphism between (rational) Puiseux monoids is multiplication by a non-negative rational

Let a (rational) Puiseux monoid be a non-trivial submonoid of the non-negative rational numbers under (the usual operation of) addition. It is not difficult to show that, if $f \colon H \to K$ is a (...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
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References on semigroup actions

I posted this question on Math Stack Exchange about 10 days ago, but received no answer (https://math.stackexchange.com/q/4843881/1223994). I would like to ask for references on semigroup actions on ...
Marco Farotti's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
67 views

Are the automorphisms of the power semigroup of a cancellative semigroup cardinality-preserving?

Let $S$ be a semigroup (written multiplicatively) and $f$ be an automorphism of the power semigroup $\mathcal P(S)$ of $S$, that is, a bijective function on the family of all non-empty subsets of $S$ ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
139 views

Congruences that aren't "finite from above," take 2: semigroups

This is a hopefully less trivial version of this question. Briefly, say that a congruence is parafinite if it is the largest congruence contained in some equivalence relation with finitely many ...
Noah Schweber's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
91 views

An isomorphism problem for semigroups of ideals

An ideal of a semigroup $S$ (written multiplicatively) is a set $I \subseteq S$ such that $IS$ and $SI$ are both contained in $I$ (here, $XY$ means, for all $X, Y \subseteq S$, the setwise product of $...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
14 votes
4 answers
730 views

Prove or disprove: $R^{n+1} \supseteq R \cap R^2 \cap \cdots \cap R^n$ for every binary relation $R$ on a set of size $n$

Prove or disprove: $R^{n+1} \supseteq R \cap R^2 \cap \cdots \cap R^n$ for every binary relation $R$ on a set of size $n$. I have verified the statement for $n \leq 4$ with a Mathematica code. I have ...
Geoffrey Critzer's user avatar
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88 views

What is the highest $n\in\Bbb N$ for which a complete classification of inverse semigroups of order up to $n$ is known?

What is the highest $n\in\Bbb N$ for which a complete classification of inverse semigroups of order up to $n$ is known? Given that there are $3{,}684{,}030{,}417$ semigroups of order $8$, I guess $n\...
Shaun's user avatar
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2 votes
1 answer
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Continuity of Moore-Penrose generalized inversion

Any matrix $A\in\mathbb{C}^{m\times n}$ has a unique generalized inverse $A^{\dagger}\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times m}$ with the properties $$AA^{\dagger}A=A,\qquad A^{\dagger}AA^{\dagger}=A^{\dagger},\qquad (...
Bumblebee's user avatar
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5 votes
0 answers
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$S$ and $T$ globally isomorphic semigroups, with $S$ (commutative and) cancellative, iff $S$ is isomorphic to $T$?

Denote by $\mathcal P(S)$ the semigroup obtained by equipping the non-empty subsets of a "ground semigroup" $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the operation of setwise multiplication ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
2 votes
1 answer
239 views

Apropos of two groups being globally isomorphic iff they are isomorphic

Denote by $\mathcal P(S)$ the semigroup obtained by endowing the non-empty subsets of a "ground semigroup" $S$ (written multiplicatively) with the operation of setwise multiplication induced ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
122 views

Name for a monoid on the basis of a vector space?

Is there a name for the structure of a vector space with a monoid defined on its basis? Given a vector space V over a field F, we can choose a basis and define a monoid on it. Now we can use each ...
Spencer Woolfson's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
281 views

Can we generalise groupoids to monoid-oids? [closed]

Groups correspond to one object categories where every morphism is an isomorphism. Monoids correspond to one object categories. Groupoids correspond to small categories where every morphism is an ...
Diego de la Paz's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
408 views

Generalization of the concept of a measure

Consider the following generalization of the concept of a measure: Let $L = (X, \lor, \land, \bot)$ be a semi-bounded lattice. Let $M = (Y, \bullet, e)$ be a commutative monoid. An $(L, M)$-measure is ...
user76284's user avatar
  • 1,793
3 votes
0 answers
172 views

The monoid of stably-free modules over integral group rings

Fix a torsion-free group G, let $M_G$ be the monoid of stably-free $\mathbb{Z}G$-modules under operation $\oplus$, the direct sum of modules. In studying objects related to Wall’s D2 problem on CW-...
William Thomas's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
151 views

Is lambda calculus polymorphism a type of generalized monad?

Let $\mathbf{C}$ be a Cartesian closed category. Then simply typed lambda calculus in $\mathbf{C}$ in one type variable can be interpreted as a category $\mathbf{STLC}_{\mathbf C}$ where the objects ...
Johan Thiborg-Ericson's user avatar
2 votes
0 answers
286 views

Does this monoid have a name?

Fix a positive integer $n \geq 1$. Let $M$ be the monoid with generators $S=\{x_0,x_1,\ldots,x_n\}$ and relations $R = \{ \alpha x_0 = \beta x_0\colon \alpha,\beta \in S^*, |\alpha|=|\beta|\}$, where $...
Sam Hopkins's user avatar
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2 votes
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On the origin of power semigroups

Let $S$ be a (multiplicatively written) semigroup. Equipped with the (binary) operation of setwise multiplication $(X, Y) \mapsto \{xy \colon x \in X, \, y \in Y\}$, the family of all non-empty ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
8 votes
3 answers
1k views

Are all free monoids residually finite?

I cannot manage to prove that a free monoid with operation concatenation, and with at least two generators is residually finite. If there is just one generator, the free monoid $\{a\}^*$ is isomorphic ...
iguessarian's user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
81 views

Semigroup algebras with one dimensional center

Let $S$ be a finite semigroup and $K$ a field of characteristic 0 (we can assume the complex numbers for simplicity). Question: Is there a characterization when the center of the semigroup algebra $...
Mare's user avatar
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1 vote
1 answer
126 views

Cycles in almost breakable semigroups

Last October, I learned from Benjamin Steinberg's answer to another question of mine that a semigroup $S$ is called breakable if $xy \in \{x, y\}$ for all $x, y \in S$. Let's now say that $S$ is an ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
41 views

Semigroups containing an appropriate subgroup

We are looking for a class of non-monoid semigroups $S$ (resp. monoids $M$) satisfying the following conditions: (1) $S$ has a left identity; (2) There exists a subgroup $H$ of $S$ (resp. $M$) such ...
M.H.Hooshmand's user avatar
4 votes
0 answers
131 views

What is the tiling semigroup for an Einstein "hat" tiling?

My undergraduate dissertation was on inverse semigroups and the key text I used for it was Lawson's, "Inverse Semigroups: The Theory of Partial Symmetries". In said book, Lawson describes ...
Shaun's user avatar
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A construction that sort of merges two semigroups to build a new one

Suppose $H$ and $K$ are semigroups and assume without loss of generality that (the underlying sets of) $H$ and $K$ are disjoint. We can then extend the operations of both $H$ and $K$ to a binary ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
0 votes
0 answers
115 views

Is there a name for this condition on a monoid?

Suppose we have a commutative monoid ${\mathcal M}=\langle M,\otimes\rangle$ such that the usual divisibility relation $\leq_\otimes$ given by $a\leq_\otimes b\Leftrightarrow \exists c(a\otimes c=b)$ ...
Steven Stadnicki's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
141 views

Three preprints and one manuscript of Tamura on power semigroups

I'm reading Takayuki Tamura's article "On the recent results in the study of power semigroups", pp. 191-200 in Goberstein & Higgins' Semigroups and Their Applications, Kluwer, 1987 (the ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
131 views

When is semigroup algebra local?

Let $G$ be a finite semigroup (or monoid if that helps) and $K$ a field. Question: When is the semigroup algebra $KG$ local? Here local means that there is a unique maximal right (or left) ideal. ...
Mare's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
138 views

Cartan matrix of the full transformation monoid ring

Let $T_n$ be the full transformation monoid of an $n$-set and $A_n=KT_n$ its monoid algebra over the complex numbers. Question 1: Is the Cartan matrix of $A_n$ known? Im especially interested to see ...
Mare's user avatar
  • 25.7k
6 votes
1 answer
368 views

Algebra generated by transformation matrices

Let $T_n$ be the full transformation monoid of an $n$-set $N_n$ with elements 1,...,n consisting of all functions $f: N_n \rightarrow N_n$. We can associate to each function $f$ a matrix $M_f$ in the ...
Mare's user avatar
  • 25.7k
2 votes
1 answer
163 views

Understanding the picture of monoidal space

Ogus in his slides https://math.berkeley.edu/~ogus/preprints/colloqhandout.pdf presents the following picture of a monoidal space $\operatorname{Spec}(\mathbb{N} \longrightarrow \mathbb{C}[\mathbb{N}])...
Nicholas S's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
248 views

Cancelable commutative monoids with finite maximal subgroups

Suppose $\mathcal{M} = (M, +, 0)$ is a cancelable commutative monoid. Let $G$ be the maximal subgroup of $M$, i.e. $$G = \{ a \in M \colon (\exists b \in M)\, a + b = 0 \}.$$ For $a, b \in M$ say $a \...
Nate Ackerman's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
47 views

Neighborhoods of idempotents in topological inverse semigroups

In a topological group, for any neighborhood $U$ of the origin, there is another such neighborhood with the property that $V.V\subseteq U.$ I conjecture a similar property for topological inverse ...
Bumblebee's user avatar
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3 votes
0 answers
151 views

Making the powerset into a topological monoid

Every monoid $X$ induces a monoid structure $\circledast$ on $\mathcal{P}(X)$ via $$U\circledast V := \{uv\ |\ u\in U,v\in V\}.$$ Moreover, a morphism of monoids $f\colon X\to Y$ induces a morphism of ...
Emily's user avatar
  • 10k
1 vote
0 answers
92 views

Eventual stabilization for repeatedly adding multiplayer games

This question is an outgrowth of a couple previous questions of mine. In order: 1,2,3. This should be fully self-contained, but those questions may help motivate this one. To keep things readable, I'...
Noah Schweber's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
252 views

Usefulness of total algebras and exotic generating series

In his first Algebra volume, Bourbaki [1] defines the structure of a “total algebra” i.e. the space of functions on a monoid $M$ (to a ring $k$) with the convolution product ( a function $f:\ M\to k$ ...
Duchamp Gérard H. E.'s user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
238 views

Monoid associated to $>2$-player Hackenbush

There is some literature on multiplayer combinatorial game theory, but as far as I can tell none of it follows the line of attack below. I'd love a pointer to a similar approach taken in the ...
Noah Schweber's user avatar
6 votes
0 answers
156 views

Examples of groups with a positive homogeneous presentation without the Haagerup property or not of type $F_\infty$

I am looking for groups with a certain presentation that do not have the Haagerup property or are finitely presented but not of type $F_\infty$ (meaninig that for some $n\geq 3$ we cannot find any ...
Arnaud's user avatar
  • 61
2 votes
1 answer
110 views

Primal identity in matrix semigroup

Given a finite set of matrix $\{M_1,M_2,\cdots,M_n\}\subseteq \mathbb{C}^{d\times d}$, we consider the semigroup generated by matrix product. We call $s_1\cdots s_k$ an identity index if $M_{s_1}M_{...
gondolf's user avatar
  • 1,483
1 vote
0 answers
72 views

A term for a submonoid of a free abelian monoid?

Are there multiple ways of characterising which monoids are submonoids of free abelian monoids? What free abelian monoids are: A free abelian monoid $\mathbb N^d$ with $d$ generators (where $d$ is an ...
wlad's user avatar
  • 4,792
21 votes
1 answer
601 views

Grothendieck group of the Fibonacci monoid

Let's denote the Fibonacci numbers by $F_0=0,F_1=1,F_{n+2}=F_{n+1}+F_n \; \forall n \ge 0$. According to Zeckendorf's theorem, every positive integer can be represented uniquely as the sum of some (at ...
Zerox's user avatar
  • 1,111
2 votes
0 answers
65 views

Semigroups related to iterated orthogonal complement

Let $R\subset V\times V$ be a relation on a set $V$. For a subset $S\subset V$, define its orthogonal complement with respect to $R$ as $$S^l:=\{ x: \forall y\in S\ \ (x,y)\in R\},\ \ S^r:=\{y: \...
user494312's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
204 views

Two numerical monoids are isomorphic iff they are equal

A numerical monoid (or numerical semigroup) is a submonoid $S$ of the additive monoid $(\mathbb N, +)$ of non-negative integers with the property that the set $\mathbb N \setminus S$ is finite. It is ...
Salvo Tringali's user avatar
1 vote
0 answers
131 views

Category whose morphisms are commutative monoids but not enriched

In a recent investigation, I constructed a category $\mathcal{C}$ with the following property. For objects $X,Y \in \mathcal{C}$, the morphism set $\text{Mor}(X,Y)$ is a commutative monoid with ...
F J's user avatar
  • 161
2 votes
0 answers
53 views

A particular generalization of free partially commutative monoids

A trace monoid, or free partially commutative monoid, is one with the presentation $\langle \Sigma \mid a_1b_1 = b_1a_1, \dots, a_nb_n = b_na_n\rangle$. The theory of trace monoids has been well ...
rotas's user avatar
  • 21
0 votes
1 answer
91 views

Left syndeticity and right syndeticity in nilpotent group

$\DeclareMathOperator\Pf{\mathcal{P}_\mathrm{f}}$Question: Does there exist any reference regarding the study of left and right syndeticity in nilpotent group? More specifically, did anyone introduce/...
Surajit's user avatar
  • 73
3 votes
0 answers
114 views

Closure of the inverse image under the projection map

Let $S$ be a subsemigroup of a semitopological semigroup $(T,+)$, let $e$ be an idempotent in $T\setminus S$ such that $e\in cl_T(S)$, let $\mathcal{E}$ be a subsemigroup of $S\times S$ such that $(e,...
John's user avatar
  • 45
9 votes
0 answers
157 views

Parallelizability of Lie monoids

A Lie monoid is a monoid, together with a structure of a smooth manifold (possibly with a boundary), such that the monoid multiplication is smooth. If all left (or right) translations in a Lie monoid $...
Žan Grad's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
71 views

The existence of an idempotent in some special semigroups

Problem. Does a semigroup $S$ have an idempotent, if there exist elements $b\in S$ and $a_1,\dots,a_n\in S$ such that $b\in \bigcup_{i=1}^na_ixSxa_i$ for every $x\in S$? What is the answer to this ...
Taras Banakh's user avatar
  • 40.7k
3 votes
1 answer
228 views

A pexiderization of the sine addition law on semigroups

Can we solve the follwing functional equation $$f(xy)=g(x)h(y)+g(y)h(x)$$ on semigroups for unknown complex valued functions $f,g,h$ ?
Aserrar Youssef's user avatar

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