Questions tagged [martingales]
The martingales tag has no usage guidance.
96
questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
12
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answers
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UMD constant of finite dimensional spaces
For a Banach space $B$, its one-sided Unconditional Martingale Difference (UMD) constant $C^-_p$ (for $p \in (1,\infty)$) is the smallest value such that for all $B$-valued martingale difference ...
11
votes
0
answers
214
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Savings property: A transformation which turns nonnegative martingales into uniformly integrable ones
Background
I work in a subfield of computability theory called algorithmic randomness. We have been using martingales as long as probability theory (going back to work of von Mises). However, since ...
6
votes
0
answers
155
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On almost sure convergence of conditional martingales
Let $X$ be a stochastic process with natural filtration $\mathcal F_t$, and $\mathcal G_t$ another filtration. Suppose that $X$ is a conditional martingale relative to $\mathcal G_t$, in the sense ...
6
votes
0
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145
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Delayed Pólya's urn process
The standard Pólya's urn process can be stated as follows:
You have an urn with red and green balls. At any time unit you choose one ball at random, note the colour, and give the ball back. At the ...
6
votes
0
answers
180
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Distribution of the stopping time of an autoregressive sequence
Consider $e_t$ being i.i.d. uniformly chosen from $\pm 1$. Let $\eta$ be a small positive constant. What is the distribution of $T$ such that $\eta^{0.5} (1+\eta)^T W_T$ first hits $\pm 1$, in which
$$...
6
votes
0
answers
219
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Reference request: Stochastic integration and martingale theory on the whole real line
I'm looking for a thorough treatment of stochastic integration and/or martingale theory on the whole real line, i.e. a way to construct a Brownian motion $(B_s)_{s \in \mathbb{R}}$ (if a two-sided BM ...
5
votes
0
answers
493
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Vector martingale concentration
Let $\varepsilon_1, \dots, \varepsilon_N$ be a martingale difference sequence in $R^d$ with $\|\varepsilon_n\| \le B_n, a.s.$ for each $n=1,\dots,N$. Do we have some Azuma-type concentration ...
5
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630
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Explicit martingale representation for a Brownian bridge
Let $W$ denote a Wiener process, $\displaystyle M_t = \max_{0 \le s \le t} W_s$ its running maximum. The martingale representation of $M$ is known explicitly:
$$M_T = \sqrt{\frac{2T} \pi} + \int_0^T ...
4
votes
0
answers
200
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A notion of SDE via the martingale representation theorem
$\newcommand{\d}{\mathrm{d}}$It is well-known that differentiating stochastic processes with respect to time is usually impossible in the usual sense. For instance, a Brownian motion $W$ on a ...
4
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260
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An inequality in harmonic analysis with the BMO flavour
I am asking myself this question (which seems to be a natural generalization of Remark 4.4 of these lecture notes).
Question. Let $I_s, s \in \mathcal{S}$ be a collection of intervals included in
$[0,...
4
votes
0
answers
325
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Martingale polynomial functions
If $B_t$ is a Brownian motion then using Hermite polynomials one can find that
$$1, B_t, B_t^2-t, B_t^3 - 3tB_t,...$$
are martingales.
If $X_t$ is a diffusion
$dX_t = \mu(X_t,t)dt + \sigma(X_t,t)...
4
votes
0
answers
131
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For a martingale $f_0,f_1,\ldots $ how can we bound $P(\frac{1}{n} \|f_n\| \le 1$ for all $ n \ge N)$?
Suppose $f_0,f_1, \ldots$ is a martingale (or i.i.d sequence) in $\mathbb R^d$ with $f_0=0$ and all $\|f_n - f_{n-1}\| \le L$ say. There are many concentration results for the initial segment of the ...
4
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220
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Does Novikov condition imply BMO martingale?
Let $(\Omega,\mathbb{F},P)$ be a complete probability space, equipped with a filtration $\mathcal{F}_t, 0 \le t < \infty$. Consider a continuous local martingale $(X_t, \mathcal{F}_t)$ such that $...
4
votes
0
answers
73
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Existence of martingales given some constraint on laws
Let $X=(X)_{0\le t\le 1}$ be a continuous martingale starting at $0$, then denote by $\mu$ and $\nu$ the probability laws of $\int_0^1X_t \mathrm{d}t$ and $X_1$. Then it is easy to see that the couple ...
4
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267
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Some constants in Martingale Stein inequality
Dear all,
the following is a special case of Stein inequalities for martingales.
$\textbf{Theorem}$ Let $(\Omega, \mathbb{P})$ be a (standard) probability space equipped with a filtration of ...
3
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0
answers
133
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Request for article in Rev. Roumaine Math. Pures Appl. (1981)
I am looking for the following article:
Al-Hussaini, A. N. A projective limit view of $L_1$-bounded martingales.
Rev. Roumaine Math. Pures Appl.26 (1981), no.1, 51–54, but I can't find it anywhere.
Do ...
3
votes
0
answers
67
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Making a space UMD via interpolation
Recall that a Banach space $B$ has Unconditional Martingale Difference (UMD-$p$) if there is a constant $C_p$ such that for every $B$-valued martingale difference sequences $(d_n)_n$ and choice of $\...
3
votes
0
answers
74
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Probability of filling a small ball before exiting a big one for $d=2$
Let $S_n$ be the simple random walk in dimension $d=2$. Let $0<r<R$ and $\alpha \in (0,1)$. Let $B_r$ denote the $\{x \in \mathbb Z^2: \|x\|\le r\}$ where $\|\cdot\|$ is the Euclidean norm. ...
3
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0
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36
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On the property of a nonnegative stochastic process "attracted" near zero
Let $\{X_k\}$ be a nonnegative stochastic process satisfying
$$E\left[ X_{k+1} \mid \mathcal{F}_k \right] \leq \rho X_k + c,$$
where $0 < \rho < 1, c>0$. Intuitively, the process is likely to ...
3
votes
0
answers
79
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How can we use Martingales to identify an unknown particle?
Suppose there is a particle in a box. We are interested in identifying what type of particle it is, but are not allowed look inside the box. All we can do is observe the particles that are entering ...
3
votes
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answers
116
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Embedding a continuous-time martingale in Brownian motion
Using the Skorohod embedding, we can embed any square-integrable discrete time martingale $(M_n)$ into a Brownian motion, obtaining times $(T_n)$ such that $(B(T_n))_{n\ge 0}$ is a version of $(M_n)$. ...
3
votes
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108
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Has there been any study of the "extreme convergence property" for martingales?
Let $(M_n)_{n \geq 1}$ be a uniformly bounded martingale over a probability space $(\Omega,\mathcal{F},\mathbb{P})$. Define the probability measure $\mu$ on $\mathbb{R}^\mathbb{N}$ to be the law of $(...
3
votes
0
answers
120
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How can we show that the quadratic covariation of a Hilbert space valued martingale takes values in the space of nonnegative operators?
Let
$(\Omega,\mathcal A,\operatorname P)$ be a probability space
$(\mathcal F_t)_{t\ge0}$ be a complete filtration of $\mathcal A$
$H$ be a separable $\mathbb R$-Hilbert space
$(e_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$ ...
3
votes
0
answers
210
views
In which sense does the quadratic variation depend on the considered filtration?
Let
$(\Omega,\mathcal A,\operatorname P)$ be a probability space
$(\mathcal F_t)_{t\ge 0}$ be a complete right-continuous filtration on $(\Omega,\mathcal A,\operatorname P)$
$X$ be an almost surely ...
3
votes
0
answers
435
views
Hitting time of two dimensional continuous martingale
Let $(\Omega, \mathcal{F}, P)$ be a probability space, on which $\mathcal{F}_t$ is filtration satisfying general conditions. $W_{t}=\left(W_{t}^{1},W_{t}^{2}\right)^{T}$ is a two dimensional Brownian ...
3
votes
0
answers
156
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Pointwise convergence of ergodic averages of unconventional conditional expectations
Let $(X_i,Y_i)_{i\in\mathbb{Z}}$ be a finite-valued stationary process whose $\sigma$-algebra of tail events is trivial. Let $\mathcal{F}_n^m$ be the $\sigma$-algebra generated by $X_n,\dots,X_m$ ($n,...
3
votes
0
answers
170
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compactness of a probability set
I have a question about the compactness of a set of martingale measures. Let $\Omega=\mathcal{C}[0,1]$ be the space of continuous functions on $[0,1]$ and $\mathcal{M}_{\Omega}$ be the family of ...
3
votes
0
answers
1k
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Change of Time in Stochastic Integral
Hi everyone,
Let's be given $I(0,t)$ a Stochastic Integral with respect to a local martingale $ M_t$ of the form :
$I(0,t)=\int_0^t h(s_-)dM_s$ with $h\in L(M)$ (for example $h$ is an adapted ...
2
votes
0
answers
46
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Does this filtration have a name?
In the context of Ethier&Kurtz Markov Processes: Characterization and Convergence (Chapter 4, equation (3.2)) as well as the two papers Martingale problems for conditional distributions of Markov ...
2
votes
0
answers
61
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Upcrossing lemma and subharmonic functions
I have been studying the upcrossing lemma for submartingales, which asserts that if $X_n$ is a non negative submartingale, and $
\lambda>0$ then if we denote by $U_n$ the number of $[0,\lambda]$-...
2
votes
1
answer
181
views
Can we construct close martingales if their terminal marginal laws are close?
Let $M=(M_t)_{0\le t\le 1}$ be a real-valued continuous martingale. Let $\mu := {\rm Law}(M_1)$ and $\varepsilon \in (0,1)$. For any $\nu$ satisfying $W_2(\mu,\nu)\le \varepsilon$, can we construct ...
2
votes
0
answers
114
views
Martingale regularization
Consider a submartingale $X,$ then for almost every $\omega \in \Omega,$ for every $v \in \mathbb{R},\lim_{u \in \mathbb{{Q},u \uparrow v}}X_u(\omega)$ exist in $\mathbb{R}.$
I was wondering if there ...
2
votes
0
answers
266
views
Identify two continuous martingales in law as time-changed Brownian motions
Let $W$ be a Brownian motion and $\alpha$ be a progressively measurable process taking values in $\mathbb R_+$. Set $\beta_t:=\max(\alpha_t, 1)$ for all $t\ge 0$. Define respectively $X$, $Y$ by
$$X_t:...
2
votes
0
answers
59
views
Martigale that maximizes its expected number of upcrossings/downcrossings
Let $T\ge 1$ be some fixed integer. Consider a discrete-time martingale $(X_t)_{t=0,1,\ldots, T}$ or a continous-time martingale $(X_t)_{0\le t\le T}$ (the latter can be continuous or cadlag if it ...
2
votes
0
answers
109
views
Is a Riccati BSDE explicitly solvable?
Let $W=\{W_t\}_{t\in[0;T]}$ be a real-valued Brownian motion, $\{F_t\}_{t\in [0;T]}$ the filtration generated by $W$, augmented with the nullsets, let $C\in (0;\infty)$ and $\{a_t\}_{t\in[0;T]}$ be a ...
2
votes
0
answers
220
views
Martingale representation theorem for almost adapted martingales
Given a filtration $\mathcal F_t$ on a probability space, we say a stochastic process $X$ is almost $\mathcal F_t$-adapted if there exists some $\mathcal F_t$-adapted process $Y$ such that $\underset{...
2
votes
0
answers
114
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An unnatural martingale
What is an example of a real valued stochastic process $X$, and a filtration $\mathcal F_t$ such that $X$ is a martingale with respect to $\mathcal F_t$ but not it’s natural filtration?
Either ...
2
votes
0
answers
174
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Semimartingale decomposition and filtrations
In short: I am trying to understand how the decomposition of a semimartingale into its local martingale and finite variation components depends on the filtration we are using.
So, taking a toy example,...
2
votes
0
answers
165
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Non-integer conditional moment of exponential functional of Brownian motion
Let $B_t$ be a standard Brownian motion.
I want to solve the following:
$$
\mathbb{E}\left[\left(\int_0^1 e^{\sigma B_t}dt \right)^{1/(1-\beta) }\mid e^{\sigma B_1}=z \right],
$$
for some fixed $0<\...
2
votes
0
answers
67
views
p-Variation distance defines semi-martingales
Question
When, does the process $\tilde{X}_t$, defined path-wise by
$$
\tilde{X}_t(\omega)\triangleq \rho_{\frac1{2}}\left((y_t,\mathbb{Y}_t),(x_t(\omega),\mathbb{X}_t(\omega))\right),
$$
define a ...
2
votes
0
answers
195
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Is martingale solution equivalent to weak solution for SDE driven by stable process
Consider the following SDE
$$
d X_t=b(X_t)d t+d L_t,
$$
where $L_t$ is the symmetric $\alpha$-stable process. The corresponding generator is given by
$$
L=\Delta^{\alpha/2}+b\cdot\nabla.
$$
Is the ...
2
votes
0
answers
217
views
Non-negative martingale transforms and Radon Nikodym derivatives
Consider a filtered probability space $(\Omega, (\mathcal F_n), \mathcal F, \mathbb P)$, where $\Omega$ is the set of sequences with value in some $E \subseteq \mathbb R^d$, and $\mathcal F$ is the ...
2
votes
0
answers
104
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Modified Pólya's Urn Process
Suppose that we have an urn that initially contains $n$ balls, partitioned into $k\geq 2$ color-classes with respect to some initial probability distribution $P=(p_1,\dots,p_k)$.
At each discrete time ...
2
votes
0
answers
409
views
Hitting time of a specific Markov chain using martingale approach (or otherwise)
Let $0 < c < 1$. Consider the Markov chain $(X_i)$ on $\{0, 1, \dots, n\}$, with transition probabilities
$$ P(k,k+1) = \left(1 - \tfrac {k}{n} \right)(1-c), \quad k = 0, \dots, n-1, $$
$$ P(k,...
2
votes
0
answers
123
views
Quadratic characteristic and constancy
Consider a change of measure on $\mathcal{F}_{t}$ defined by the restriction of two probability measures of the form
\begin{align}
\frac{dQ_{t}(\theta)}{dP_{t}}=\exp^{ \theta A_{t}-\kappa(\theta) S_{t}...
2
votes
0
answers
79
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Modify Process to a Semimartingale
The original post is from mathstackexchange
According to some difficulties, i decided to ask here again.
Given a filtered space $(\Omega, F,\mathcal{F}_{t})$ with rightcontinous filtration. We have a ...
2
votes
0
answers
221
views
Strong law of large number for semimartingale
I just want to know if for semimartingale $X$ we have $\lim_{t \rightarrow \infty} \frac{X_{t}}{\langle X\rangle_{t}}=0$ or when it is possible. I know it is true for Brownian motion.
Thanks
2
votes
0
answers
432
views
integrability of Brownian motion stopped at some stopping time
Let $B=(B_t)_{t\ge 0}$ be a standard Brownian motion starting at zero and denote by $S=(S_t)_{t\ge 0}$ its running maximum, i.e. $S_t=\sup_{0\le s\le t}B_s$. Given a fixed number $p>1$, define the ...
2
votes
0
answers
321
views
Question about the characteristics of semimartingales
Let $D=D([0,1,R)$ be the space of cadlag (right-continuous with left limits) functions defined on [0,1] and $X:=(X_t)_{t\in [0,1]}$ be the canonical process on $D$, i.e. $X_t(x)=x(t)$ for all $x\in D$....
2
votes
0
answers
118
views
A result on absolute mean of a stopped supermartingale
The reason of posting the following problem here is that I heard that it is a result from some paper.
Let $(X_n, \mathscr{F_n}), n \geq 0$ be a super martingale and $T$ an $\{F_n\}$-stopping time a....