Questions tagged [lie-algebras]

Lie algebras are algebraic structures which were introduced to study the concept of infinitesimal transformations. The term "Lie algebra" (after Sophus Lie) was introduced by Hermann Weyl in the 1930s. In older texts, the name "infinitesimal group" is used. Related mathematical concepts include Lie groups and differentiable manifolds.

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Multiplication factors in folding root systems and Lie algebras by automorphisms

When Stembridge, in the paper Folding by automorphisms, considers folding by automorphism $\sigma$ he considers the root system generated by for each orbit $J$. $$\sum_{i \in J} \alpha_i .$$ Whereas ...
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Extension of a type A Springer fibre

Given a decomposition $p=(p_1,\dots,p_n)$ of $n$, one can associate its corresponding partial flag variety $$\mathcal{B}_p=\{F=(0=F_0\subset F_1\subset \dots \subset F_n=\mathbb{C}^n) \mid \dim F_i/F_{...
5 votes
1 answer
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Does the first fundamental representation of $\frak{sp}_n$ generates all the other fundamental representations

Let $\mathfrak{sp_n}$ be the symplectic Lie algebra, that is, the $C_n$ complex simple Lie algebra. Is it true that the first fundamental, which is to say the vector space, representation $V_1$ of $\...
1 vote
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Trivial representation of a maximal torus

Let G be a connected compact Lie group and $T\subset G$ a maximal torus. For an irreducible representation $V_\lambda$ of $G$, the multiplicity of the trivial representation of $T$ in $V_\lambda$ is ...
3 votes
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102 views

In how many ways does a Lie algebra decompose as an orthogonal direct sum of Cartans?

For a prime $p$, the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(p)$ can be decomposed into an orthogonal direct sum of $p+1$ Cartan subalgebras as follows. Consider the clock and shift matrices — these are a pair of ...
18 votes
1 answer
656 views

$8 \times 31 = 8 \times 31$?

The Lie algebra $\mathfrak{e}_8$ has (at least) two ways to be written as a direct sum of $31$ Cartan subalgebras. First, Thompson and Smith showed that the (compact or complex) Lie group $\mathrm{E}...
7 votes
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182 views

Chevalley-Solomon formula and Weyl character formula

Let $\Phi\subset V$ be a root system of rank $r$ with Weyl group $W$, a choice of positive roots $\Phi_+$ and exponents $d_1, \ldots, d_r$ (i.e. the invariant algebra $(\operatorname{Sym}^\bullet V)^W$...
2 votes
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39 views

An infinitely generated Lie algebra, its finitely generated envelope

If a Lie algebra $\mathfrak g$ is finitely generated, its enveloing algebra $U\mathfrak g$ is finitely generated as an associative algebra. In fact, taking the enveloping algebra of the surjection $\...
5 votes
2 answers
188 views

Enveloping algebra of affine Lie algebra is (not) noetherian

I work over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$. Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a semisimple Lie algebra, $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}=\mathfrak{g}[t,t^{-1}]\oplus\mathbb{C}K\oplus\mathbb{C}D$ the ...
6 votes
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165 views

Does every Lie algebra appear as centralizer of an element in a semisimple Lie algebra?

Given a finite dimensional, complex, semisimple (fcss) Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and an element $x\in\mathfrak{g}$, denote by $\mathfrak{g}^x$ the centralizer of $x$ in $\mathfrak{g}$ i.e. the set $\{...
17 votes
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Relations in a certain Lie algebra

Let ${\mathfrak g}$ be the (real) Lie algebra generated by infinitely many generators $D_i, E_i$ with $i=1,2,3,\dots$ subject to the following relations for any natural numbers $i,j$: \begin{gather*} [...
4 votes
1 answer
127 views

Which Lie groups admit finite generation by a set of Lie algebra elements? And what are some known choices of generators which realize this?

Consider a (finite-dimensional) real connected Lie group $G$ with Lie algebra $\frak{g}$. Take a generating set $\mathcal{G} = \{ X_1, \cdots X_n \} $ of $\frak{g}$, i.e. such that any element of $\...
3 votes
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Lie algebra cohomology of formal non-commutative vector fields

Let $k$ be a field of characteristic $0$ and $A=k\langle\langle x_1,\dotsc,x_n\rangle\rangle$ be a free completed associative algebra. The space of continuous derivations $\mathrm{Der}(A)$ is ...
1 vote
1 answer
249 views

Problem in understanding the coadjoint action of $\mathfrak {g}^{\ast}$ on $\mathfrak {g}$

$\DeclareMathOperator\ad{ad}$Let $\mathfrak {g}$ be a Lie bialgebra. Then $\mathfrak {g}^{\ast}$ is also a Lie bialgebra which is dual to $\mathfrak {g}$. Let the brackets on $\mathfrak {g}$ and $\...
12 votes
1 answer
813 views

How are Sheffer polynomials related to Lie theory?

Sheffer polynomials $\{P_n(x)\}$ have generating function $P(x,t) = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}P_n(x)t^n=A(t)e^{xu(t)}$. This form reminds me of the Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence. Is there any ...
1 vote
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61 views

Is the adjoint action of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ on the Schwartz space proper and free?

$\DeclareMathOperator\SU{SU}$Let $t_1, t_2, t_3$ be generators of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(2)$. Let us consider a Schwartz space $\mathcal{S}$ defined as \begin{equation} \mathcal{S}:= \Bigl\{ \...
3 votes
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Nilpotent orbits in characteristic $0$ vs. positive characteristics

Let $G_\mathbb{C}$ be a connected reductive group over $\mathbb{C}$ with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}_{\mathbb{C}}$. For any algebraically closed field $k$, let $G_k$ denote the connected reductive group ...
1 vote
1 answer
434 views

Non-linear Lie algebra

Several versions of non-linear Lie algebras exist - at least in the physics literature. One version is just an ordinary Lie algebra but where the underlying vector space is a polynomial algebra. ...
1 vote
1 answer
261 views

Chevalley restriction theorem

$\DeclareMathOperator\Tr{Tr}\DeclareMathOperator\Sym{Sym}$I'm having a hard time understanding the proof of Chevalley's restriction theorem given by Humphreys in "Introduction to Lie Algebras and ...
2 votes
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Techniques for computing integrals on $G/K$

Edit: I originally tried writing a simpler question, but to make more clear what I want I wrote the general question below Let $G$ be a compact group with compact subgroup $K\subseteq G$ (everything ...
3 votes
3 answers
613 views

Expansions of iterated, or nested, derivatives, or vectors--conjectured matrix computation

The entry OEIS A139605 (also related OEIS A145271) has a matrix computation for the partition polynomials that represent the expansions of iterated derivatives, or vectors in differential geometry, $...
7 votes
3 answers
3k views

Clifford Lie algebras

I'm studying the "Clifford Lie Algebra" (see Lachieze-Rey - Spin and Clifford algebras, an introduction page 30). It's basically a way to look at Clifford algebras and their properties in a ...
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242 views

Any "inherent" definition of $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ independent of any matrix representation?

$\DeclareMathOperator\SU{SU}\SU(2)$ is explained in detail here. However, if I know right, this definition itself is known the "fundamental representation". I wonder if there is any "...
4 votes
1 answer
196 views

Structure of projective indecomposable modules for $\mathfrak{sl}_2$

I'm reading "BGG category $\mathcal{O}$" by Humphreys. In section 3.12 we look into the projective modules over $\mathfrak{sl}(2,\mathbb{C})$. If $\lambda\in\mathbb{Z}$ is a weight and $\mu=-...
1 vote
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Representation theory of reductive lie algebras

I have studied Lie algebras at the level of Humphrey's Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory. This only really includes representation theory of semisimple lie algebras. In the ...
2 votes
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166 views

Nonlinear Poisson brackets associated with nilpotent (matrix) Lie algebras?

With every finite-dimensional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ one can associate a linear Poisson bracket on $\mathfrak{g}^\ast$. With some more restrictions on $\mathfrak{g}$ and some extra ingredients, ...
2 votes
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Quantum Schubert cell algebra and quantum odd-dimensional euclidean space

De Concini, Kac, Procesi introduced quantum Schubert cell algebra associated to a complex Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ which is denoted by $\mathcal{U}^{w}_{\epsilon}$ where $w$ is an element of Weyl ...
9 votes
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345 views

How large must the characteristic of $k$ be, for the cohomology of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_n(k)$ to be exterior as in characteristic zero?

$\DeclareMathOperator\SU{SU}$In this question, all Lie algebra cohomology is of the form $H^*(\mathfrak{g}; k)$, with $k$ the trivial one-dimensional representation of $\mathfrak{g}$. All Lie algebra ...
7 votes
1 answer
293 views

Do you know a survey of modular Lie algebras and its representations?

When I was an university student, I liked reading some books about the representation theory of finite groups or Lie algebras and I was interested in explicit constructions of irreducible ...
5 votes
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328 views

Have you seen this Lie algebra?

Computing something I have come across a Lie algebra $\def\L{\mathfrak L}\def\CC{\mathbb C}\L_N$ that I would like to identify. Fix an integer $N$ such that $N\geq2$, let $\L_N$ be the free complex ...
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Representation theory for symmetries of probability distribution functions

I would like to parameterize all the possible modifications to a probability density function. Is there a representation theory for this? Something along the lines of, these are all the operators $L$ ...
19 votes
1 answer
2k views

Motivation for Hall-Witt identity

I've wondered for a while about the (Hall-)Witt identity in group theory: $[[a,b^{-1}],c]^b \cdot [[b,c^{-1}],a]^c \cdot [[c,a^{-1}]],b]^a = 1$. (Here, $x^y$ means $y^{-1}xy$ and $[x,y]$ means $...
6 votes
1 answer
409 views

Adjoint orbits of a finite group of type $G_2$

Let $q=p^\alpha$ be a prime power and $k=\mathbb{F}_q$. Let $G\subseteq \mathrm{GL}_N(k)$ be a simple finite group of Lie type, with root system of type $G_2$, and let $\mathfrak{g}\subseteq \mathfrak{...
3 votes
1 answer
142 views

Symmetric tensor of highest weight modules for $\mathrm{SU}(2)$

Let $V_i$ be the $(i+1)$-dimensional representation of the special unitary group $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ with the highest weight $i$. Is there any uniform way to compute the irreducible decomposition for the ...
1 vote
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212 views

Is the span of all nilpotent ideals also a nilpotent ideal?

Given a non-zero Lie algebra $\mathcal{L}$ over $\mathbb{C}$, we define $\mathcal{L}^2 = \big[\mathcal{L}, \mathcal{L} \big] = \big\{ [x, y]: x, y\in \mathcal{L} \big\}$, and for any $k\in\mathbb{N}$ ...
5 votes
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152 views

Are there known minimal models for the cohomology of semisimple Lie algebras?

My student and I recently found a cute construction of a minimal model for the cohomology of a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. This is a "minimal model" in the sense that it is a minimal chain-...
2 votes
1 answer
242 views

Reasons about the difference between twisted affine algebras of $A_{2l}$ and other types

I am reading about Kac–Moody algebras. I have a question about the construction of twisted affine algebras. Let $\sigma$ be a graph automorphism of the simple Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$. When $\...
5 votes
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106 views

On Soergel's results concerning projectives modules in category $\mathcal{O}$

I am looking for a translated proof of two results of Soergel usually referred to as endomorphismensatz and struktursatz. Both of those results were shown in the paper Soergel, W. (1990). Kategorie 𝒪...
6 votes
1 answer
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If two Lie algebras are isomorphic, under which conditions will their Lie groups also be isomorphic?

Let $G$ and $G'$ be compact connected Lie groups (which are not necessarily simply connected) with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ and $\mathfrak{h}$. Suppose that the two Lie algebras are isomorphic, ...
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1 answer
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Conjugacy of Cartan subgroups in $\mathrm{GL}(n)$

$\DeclareMathOperator\SL{SL}$I have probably a very basic question on the structure of semisimple Lie groups. Sorry if it is too elementary. Let either $G=\SL(n,\mathbb{R})$ or $G=\SL(n,\mathbb{C})$. ...
4 votes
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Relation between two Harish-Chandra homomorphisms

Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a Lie algebra admitting a triangular decomposition $\frak g = N^-\oplus h\oplus N^+$ and $\gamma$ the classic Harish-Chandra isomorphism defined on the center $\frak Z$ of the ...
2 votes
1 answer
235 views

Non-example to PBW theorem

I am interested in a (simple) example of an associative algebra $A$ with 1 generated by $x_1, \ldots, x_n$ which is quadratic (i.e. all relations between $x_1, \ldots, x_n$ have degree $\leqslant 2$) ...
0 votes
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Hilbert representation with compactness and *-property

Given a continuous representation $\pi$ of a Lie group $G$ on a Hilbert space $H$, not unitary. Suppose that it is a $\star$-representation for the Lie algebra, i.e., $\pi(X)^\star=\pi(-X)$ on the ...
2 votes
1 answer
127 views

Solvability of derivation Lie algebras of local finite-dimensional commutative algebras

Let $A$ be a finite-dimensional local commutative algebra (with one) over a characteristic zero field $k$. Is it true that the Lie algebra $\operatorname{Der}_k(A)$ of $k$-derivations of $A$ is ...
1 vote
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Explicit central elements of $\mathcal{U}(\mathfrak{so}(4,1))$

I am interested in finding the central elements of the universal enveloping algebra of the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{so}(4,1)$. Notation: the 10 generators are $D, J_i, P_i, K_i$ ($i=1,2,3$), satisfying ...
2 votes
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119 views

Classification of restricted Lie algebras of reductive groups

$\DeclareMathOperator\Lie{Lie}$Let $G/K$ be a reductive group over a field $K$. In characteristic $0$ the Lie algebra is invariant under base change of fields, so to understand $\Lie(G)$ it is enough ...
3 votes
1 answer
192 views

Relation between enveloping algebras and algebras of differential operators

I asked this question on math stack exchange about 3 years ago, but received no answer. Our base field $\mathsf{k}$ will be algebraically closed of zero characteristic. Let $X$ be an smooth affine ...
7 votes
1 answer
298 views

Are there natural isomorphisms $S^{(2,1)}(k^{m+1})\cong k^2\otimes W$?

In this popular 2019 MO question, user მამუკა ჯიბლაძე asked: The spaces $\operatorname{S}^2(k^n)$ and $\Lambda^2(k^{n+1})$ from the title have equal dimensions. Is there a natural isomorphism between ...
0 votes
1 answer
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What's an example of an $n$-step nilpotent Lie algebra whose centre is not $g^{(n)}$?

Let $\mathfrak g$ be a Lie algebra. $\mathfrak g^{(1)}=\mathfrak g$ and $\mathfrak g^{(n+1)}=[\mathfrak g,\mathfrak g^{(n)}]=\mathbb R$-span$\{[X,Y]:X\in\mathfrak g,Y\in\mathfrak g^{(n)}\}$. The ...
2 votes
1 answer
196 views

Wedderburn–Artin like theorem for infinite dimensional Lie algebras?

The Wedderburn–Artin Theorem is one of the cornerstones of the structure theory of (associative) rings. Wedderburn–Artin Theorem : Let $R$ be a left Artinian ring with zero Jacobson radical. Then $R$ ...

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