Questions tagged [harmonic-analysis]
Harmonic analysis is a generalisation of Fourier analysis that studies the properties of functions. Check out this tag for abstract harmonic analysis (on abelian locally compact groups), or Euclidean harmonic analysis (eg, Littlewood-Paley theory, singular integrals). It also covers harmonic analysis on tube domains, as well as the study of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian on domains, manifolds and graphs.
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How Does My Radio Work?
Bear with me for a moment while I invoke the real world; the main question at the end is purely mathematical.
I live in an area with $n$ AM radio stations and $m$ FM radio stations.
AM station ...
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4
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Group theory in machine learning
I'm a Machine Learning researcher who would like to research applications of group theory in ML.
There is a term "Partially Observed Groups" in machine learning theory which has been ...
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7
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Learning roadmap for harmonic analysis
In short, I am interested to know of the various approaches one could take to learn modern harmonic analysis in depth. However, the question deserves additional details. Currently, I am reading Loukas ...
42
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0
answers
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A kaleidoscopic coloring of the plane
Problem. Is there a partition $\mathbb R^2=A\sqcup B$ of the Euclidean plane into two Lebesgue measurable sets such that for any disk $D$ of the unit radius we get $\lambda(A\cap D)=\lambda(B\cap D)=\...
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Intuition behind Harmonic Analysis in Analytic Number Theory
As far as I know, in analytic number theory, harmonic analysis appears often. The thing is that I would see the proof of some results where they use harmonic analysis, and I can follow the argument ...
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When are the eigenspaces of the Laplacian on a compact homogeneous space irreducible representations?
I was writing up some notes on harmonic analysis and I thought of a question that
I felt I should know the answer to but didn't, and I hope someone here can help me.
Suppose I have a compact ...
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The Bourgain-Demeter-Guth breakthrough and the Riemann zeta function?
Yesterday Bourgain, Demeter and Guth released a preprint proving (up to endpoints) the so-called main conjecture of the Vinogradov's Mean Value Theorem for all degrees. This had previously been only ...
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Proofs of Young's inequality for convolution
For $1\leq p,q \leq \infty$ such that $\frac1p +\frac1q\geq 1$, Young's inequality states $\|f\star g\|_r\leq \|f\|_p\|g\|_q$ (we work on $\mathbf{R}^d$ here), where $1+\frac1r = \frac1p+\frac1q$. ...
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Image of L^1 under the Fourier Transform
The Fourier Transform $\mathcal{F}:L^1(\mathbb{R})\to C_0(\mathbb{R})$ is an injective, bounded linear map that isn't onto. It is known (if I remember correctly) that the range isn't closed, but is ...
- 1,012
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Sum of Gaussian pdfs
I learned from a colleague that if one sums translates of the Gaussian density $f(x)=(2\pi)^{-1/2}e^{-x^2/2}$ translated by the integers (i.e. one considers $F(x)=\sum_{n\in\mathbb Z}f(x+n)$), the ...
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Applications of Hardy's inequality
Every so often I would encounter Hardy's inequality:
Theorem 1 (Hardy's inequality). If $p>1$, $a_n \geq 0$, and $A_n=a_1+a_2+\cdots+a_n$, then
$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(\frac{A_n}{n}\right)^p ...
24
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3
answers
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Fourier transform of the unit sphere
The Fourier transform of the volume form of the (n-1)-sphere in $\mathbf R^n$ is given by the well-known formula
$$
\int_{S^{n-1}}e^{i\langle\mathbf a,\mathbf u\rangle}d\sigma(\mathbf u) = (2\pi)^{\nu ...
- 29.5k
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9
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Nonseparable counterexamples in analysis
When asking for uncountable counterexamples in algebra I noted that in functional analysis there are many examples of things that “go wrong” in the nonseparable setting. But most of the examples I'm ...
23
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2
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Moments of Plücker coordinates on complex Grassmannian
Consider the Grassmannian $Gr(k,N)\simeq U(N)/(U(k)\times U(N-k))$ which parametrizes $k$-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{C}^N$. Let us put on it the $U(N)$-invariant probability measure. Let $\...
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A characterization of constant functions
In How to recognize constant functions. Connections with Sobolev spaces (Russian Math Surveys 57 (2002); MSN), H. Brezis recalls the following fact:
Let $\Omega\subset{\mathbb R}^N$ be connected ...
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Is a reductive adelic group a Type I group?
I foresee that to experts of automorphic forms this question will sound unimportant or useless or even not worthy of an answer; but none of these are going to stop me from asking it!
The question is ...
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0
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The Fourier Transform of taking Eigenvalues
The purpose of this question is to ask about the Fourier transform of the map which associate to an $n$ by $n$ matrix its $n$ eigenvalues, or some function of the $n$ eigenvalues. The main motivation ...
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A conjectured formula for Apéry numbers
A conjecture by the late Romanian mathematician Alexandru Lupas.
Posted in sci.math in 2005, but no proof was found.
Physicist Alan Sokal just reminded me of it, saying it was related to something he ...
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3
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Harmonic analysis on semisimple groups - modern treatment
For my finals, I am digging through the book by Varadarajan An introduction to harmonic analysis on semisimple Lie groups. I find it a rather hard read and I feel it's a bit outdated now. Any ...
20
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1
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Bounding Schur symmetric polynomials on the unit circle
Recall the Schur polynomial in $n$ variables, indexed by the partition $\lambda$, with $\ell(\lambda) \leq n$, is given by
\begin{equation}
s_\lambda(x_1,\ldots, x_n) = a_{\lambda + \delta}(x_1, \...
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2
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A functional inequality about log-concave functions
Let $f,g$ be smooth even log-concave functions on $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, i.e.,$f=e^{-F(x)}, g=e^{-G(x)}$ for some even convex functions $F(x),G(x)$. Is it true that:
$$
\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n}} \langle \...
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Existence of orthonormal basis for $L^2(G)$ in $C_c(G)$
Remark: I cross-posted this question on MSE and added a bounty to it.
Suppose that $G$ is a locally compact (Hausdorff) group endowed with the Haar measure. It is well-known that the compactly ...
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1
answer
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Intuition for the Hardy space $H^1$ on $R^n$
the standard intuition for Lebesgue spaces $L^p(\mathbb R^n)$ for $p \in [1,\infty]$ are measurable functions with certain decay properties at infinity or at the singularities.
In particular, a ...
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2
answers
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Is there a "right" proof of Riemann's Theta Relation?
Let $\theta$ denote the usual Jacobi Theta function (with auxiliary parameter $\tau = i$, for simplicity), i.e.
$$
\theta(z) = \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} \exp(-\pi (a + n)^2 + 2 \pi i n z) \ .
$$
I'm ...
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1
answer
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Proof of Minkowski theorem using harmonic analysis
I am trying to properly write a proof of Minkowski's theorem in a self-contained way and understandable by (good) undergraduates.
Theorem (Minkowski)
Let $L$ be a lattice of $\mathbb{R}^n$ and ...
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0
answers
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Laplace Transform in the context of Gelfand/Pontryagin
Question: Do quasi-characters or some other semi-group properly generalize the Laplace transform or decompose functions in some setting in a way similar to how characters generalize the classical ...
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2
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Explaining Mukai-Fourier transforms physically
A core concept in mathematics, engineering, and physics is the Fourier Transform (FT) and its many variants (Generalized Fourier Series, Green's Function, Pontryagin duality).
The basic algorithm is ...
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3
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Evaluating the sum $f(x):=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n! n^n}(-x^2)^n$ and estimating bounds
For real variable $x$, the function
\begin{equation}
f(x):=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n! n^n}(-x^2)^n
\end{equation}
clearly has infinite radius of convergence and defines a $C^\infty$ function on $\...
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Where do the real analytic Eisenstein series live?
In obtaining the spectral decomposition of $L^2(\Gamma \backslash G)$ where $G=SL_2(\mathbb{R})$, and $\Gamma$ is an arithmetic subgroup (I am satisfied with $\Gamma = SL (2,\mathbb{Z})$) we have a ...
17
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Is this statement which relates the Fourier transform of a function to its singularities correct?
I am working on a problem, which would possibly relate the Fourier transform/series with the jump singularities of the function where the function itself or one of its derivatives jump. ((some kind of ...
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Where did the term "additive energy" originate?
A fundamental object in modern additive combinatorics and harmonic analysis is additive energy. Given a subset $A$ of (say) an abelian group $G$ the additive energy of $A$ is defined to be the ...
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What is the intuition behind Almgren's frequency function?
It is by now well-known that for a harmonic function $u : B_1^n(0) \to \mathbb{R}$, the ratio
$$
N(r) := \frac{r\int_{B_r(0)}|\nabla u|^2}{\int_{\partial B_r(0)} u^2}
$$
is a non-decreasing function ...
- 1,141
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A possible mistake in Walter Rudin, "Fourier analysis on groups"
I have the following lemma 4.2.4 on page 80 in the book (we have locally compact abelian topological groups $G_1, G_2$ and their duals $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$):
Suppose $E$ is a coset in $\Gamma_2$ ...
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Hearing the 17 planar symmetry groups
Though I'm sure it's not really hard to work out for myself, does anyone know a reference for the spectra of the Laplacian on the 17 flat compact orbifolds that underlie the 17 planar symmetry groups. ...
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Comparison of the classical Fourier transform and the Fourier-Mukai transform [closed]
This question has been revised. Skip to the question in bold.
Two MO questions, "Heuristic behind the Fourier-Mukai transform" and "Explaining Mukai-Fourier transforms physically," compel me to ask ...
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3
answers
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Is there a non-constant function on the sphere that diagonalizes all rotations simultaneously?
INTRODUCTION. I am teaching a course in Harmonic Analysis. In class, very often I find myself stressing out the fundamental property that the functions
$$
e_n(x)=\exp(2\pi i n x), \quad \text{where }\...
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Integration of a function over 7-sphere
Suppose we have $x_1^2 + y_1^2 + x_2^2 + y_2^2 + x_3^2 + y_3^2 + x_4^2 + y_4^2 = 1$ and we define $z_j = x_j + iy_j$, where $j = 1,\,2,\,3,\,4$.
The problem is finding or approximating the ...
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Steinhaus theorem and Hausdorff dimension
Assume for simplicity that sets $A_i\subset\mathbb{R}$ are compact. If $A_1$ and $A_2$ have positive length, then $A_1+A_2$ contains an interval. That is a variant of the classical Steinhaus theorem ...
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Why is the dual of a torus the same as its fundamental group?
The set of continuous homomorphisms from a torus ${\mathbb T}^n = ({\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z})^n \to {\mathbb R}/{\mathbb Z}$ can be identified with ${\mathbb Z}^n$ if we assign to each $k = (k_1, \ldots ...
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Is the sequence of Apéry numbers a Stieltjes moment sequence?
Consider the sequence of Apéry numbers
$$
A_n = \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}\sum_{j=0}^k \binom{k}{j}^3
= \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k}^2\binom{n+k}{k}^2 .
$$
In an email, physicist Alan Sokal ...
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Does the Legendre-Hadamard condition imply a generalized Gårding inequality?
For simplicity, we restrict to constant coefficients. Let $A^{ij}_{ab} \in \mathbb{R}$, $1 \le i, j \le n$ and $1 \le a, b\le m$, satisfy the Legendre-Hadamard condition:
$$
A^{ij}_{ab}\xi_i\xi_jv^av^...
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For what LCH groups is the Haar measure $\mu(U x U)$ bounded?
Let $G$ be a locally compact Hausdorff (LCH) topological group with left Haar measure $\mu$. Given a compact unit neighborhood $U$, consider the function
$$
\Phi: \quad G \to (0,\infty), \quad x \...
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2
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Can a continuous function on a compact group $G$ be interpreted as the sum in $C(G)$ of its Fourier series?
I asked this in math.stackexchange, but it disappeared from the "main list" almost immediately, so I hope it will be appropriate as a separate question in MO.
For a given function $f\in C(G)$ on a ...
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3
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Tauberian theorem $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} $
I am trying to prove or disprove
$$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} ,$$
where $\sum c_{k}<\infty, \sum c_{k}^{2}<\infty\text{ and }\frac{\...
- 4,449
15
votes
1
answer
622
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History of the notion of irreducible representation
I am looking for the earliest references where the study of irreducible representations appears. There has been many articles and books on the history of representation theory. A fundamental feature ...
- 21.8k
15
votes
1
answer
590
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Integrability property of polynomials in several variables
This might be very trivial, or not.
Let $p\colon\mathbb{R}^n\to \mathbb{R}$ be a polynomial of even degree, at most $n-2$. Assume that $p(x)\leq 0$ for any $x\in\mathbb{R}^n$. Assume that there ...
- 151
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votes
1
answer
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Uncertainty principle
A version of the uncertainty principle says that a function and its Fourier transform cannot be both with compact support: it is not difficult to prove since a compactly supported distribution has an ...
- 15.2k
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2
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Borel set plus a closed set = Borel
Hi,
Let $R$ be equipped with the usual Borel structure. Let $F$ be a Borel subset and $E$ be a closed subset of $R$. Then $F+E=(f+e: f\in F, e \in E \)$ is Borel? If yes, is it true for any locally ...
14
votes
2
answers
3k
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Differentiability of Fourier series
Consider the function defined by the Fourier series
$$ f(x;\alpha) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^\alpha} \exp(i n^2 x ) , $$
where $\alpha >1 $.
For what values of $\alpha $ is $f$ ...
- 241
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3
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Positive definite function zoo
I've asked the following question on math.stackexchange but there has been no response so I'll ask it again here:
A positive definite function $\varphi: G \rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ on a group $G$ is a ...