Questions tagged [harmonic-analysis]
Harmonic analysis is a generalisation of Fourier analysis that studies the properties of functions. Check out this tag for abstract harmonic analysis (on abelian locally compact groups), or Euclidean harmonic analysis (eg, Littlewood-Paley theory, singular integrals). It also covers harmonic analysis on tube domains, as well as the study of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian on domains, manifolds and graphs.
123
questions
18
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Explaining Mukai-Fourier transforms physically
A core concept in mathematics, engineering, and physics is the Fourier Transform (FT) and its many variants (Generalized Fourier Series, Green's Function, Pontryagin duality).
The basic algorithm is ...
- 9,931
24
votes
3
answers
12k
views
Fourier transform of the unit sphere
The Fourier transform of the volume form of the (n-1)-sphere in $\mathbf R^n$ is given by the well-known formula
$$
\int_{S^{n-1}}e^{i\langle\mathbf a,\mathbf u\rangle}d\sigma(\mathbf u) = (2\pi)^{\nu ...
- 29.5k
10
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Meaning of a quote of Doubilet, Rota and Stanley on harmonic analysis and combinatorics
The beginning of the paper On the foundations of combinatorial theory. VI. The idea of generating function (1972) says that
Since Laplace discovered the remarkable correspondence between set ...
- 489
12
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Uniform boundedness of an $L^2[0,1]$-ONB in $C[0,1]$
Assume that we have an orthonormal basis of smooth functions in $L^2[0,1]$. Are there useful practical criteria to determine whether the sup-norm of the basis functions has a uniform bound? I am sure ...
- 4,709
10
votes
2
answers
860
views
Isomorphisms between spaces of test functions and sequence spaces
I am in the process of writing some self-contained notes on probability theory in spaces of distributions, for the purposes of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. Perhaps the simplest ...
- 21.8k
16
votes
1
answer
2k
views
Comparison of the classical Fourier transform and the Fourier-Mukai transform [closed]
This question has been revised. Skip to the question in bold.
Two MO questions, "Heuristic behind the Fourier-Mukai transform" and "Explaining Mukai-Fourier transforms physically," compel me to ask ...
15
votes
3
answers
2k
views
Integration of a function over 7-sphere
Suppose we have $x_1^2 + y_1^2 + x_2^2 + y_2^2 + x_3^2 + y_3^2 + x_4^2 + y_4^2 = 1$ and we define $z_j = x_j + iy_j$, where $j = 1,\,2,\,3,\,4$.
The problem is finding or approximating the ...
- 153
7
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Properties of convolutions
Consider the function
$$f_{n}(x)=e^{-x^2}x^n.$$
and the function
$$h_p(x):=e^{-\vert x \vert^p}.$$
My goal is to analyze
$$ F_p(y):=\frac{(f_2*h_p)(y)}{(f_0*h_p)(y)}- \left(\frac{(f_1*h_p)(y) }{(f_0*...
- 173
3
votes
0
answers
71
views
Convergence of the Gaussian integral on $\mathcal{E}'$ for a mapping supported on $L^2$
Let $F : L^2(S^1) \to L^2(S^1)$ be a (nonlinear) mapping such that
\begin{equation}
\lVert F(f) \rVert \leq \lVert f \rVert
\end{equation}
for all $f \in L^2(S^1)$. For the space of smooth periodic ...
- 2,749
2
votes
1
answer
143
views
Surveys/monographs on the vortex filament equation
Where can I find surveys on the mathematical aspects of the vortex filament equation?
In particular, I'm interested in the following topics:
physical motivation;
notion of solutions and ...
- 267
0
votes
1
answer
118
views
Relationship between the vortex filament equation and the cubic Schrödinger equation
How is the vortex filament equation
$$\partial_t \chi = \partial_s \chi \wedge \partial_{ss} \chi,$$
where $\chi(t,s)$ is a curve in $\mathbb R^3$,
related to the cubic Schrödinger equation?
Note 1. ...
- 267
23
votes
9
answers
2k
views
Nonseparable counterexamples in analysis
When asking for uncountable counterexamples in algebra I noted that in functional analysis there are many examples of things that “go wrong” in the nonseparable setting. But most of the examples I'm ...
23
votes
2
answers
832
views
Moments of Plücker coordinates on complex Grassmannian
Consider the Grassmannian $Gr(k,N)\simeq U(N)/(U(k)\times U(N-k))$ which parametrizes $k$-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb{C}^N$. Let us put on it the $U(N)$-invariant probability measure. Let $\...
- 21.8k
17
votes
2
answers
4k
views
Is this statement which relates the Fourier transform of a function to its singularities correct?
I am working on a problem, which would possibly relate the Fourier transform/series with the jump singularities of the function where the function itself or one of its derivatives jump. ((some kind of ...
- 714
15
votes
4
answers
1k
views
Is the sequence of Apéry numbers a Stieltjes moment sequence?
Consider the sequence of Apéry numbers
$$
A_n = \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k}\binom{n+k}{k}\sum_{j=0}^k \binom{k}{j}^3
= \sum_{k=0}^n \binom{n}{k}^2\binom{n+k}{k}^2 .
$$
In an email, physicist Alan Sokal ...
- 40.2k
12
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Fourier transform of the critical line of zeta?
This was asked on MSE and got a lot of upvotes but no answers, so I'm posting it here.
Is there a known expression for the (distributional) Fourier transform of the Riemann zeta function, taken along ...
- 4,525
7
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Does anyone know what is the right reference for the following simple lemma from harmonic analysis?
The lemma says that given $\lambda\geq 1$, $p\geq 1$, $a_j\geq 0$, for a collection of balls $\{B_j\}_{j\in\mathbb{N}}$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, it holds
$$\bigg\|\sum_j a_j\chi_{\lambda B_j}\bigg\|_p\leq C(...
- 1,861
6
votes
4
answers
1k
views
How does one show the existence of discrete and complementary series for SL(2,R)?
In his book on $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb{R})$, Lang shows that any nontrivial irreducible unitary representation of this group is infinitesimally isomorphic to an irreducible admissible subrepresentation ...
- 486
6
votes
2
answers
993
views
Bohr compactification as a topological compactification
Let $G$ be a locally compact Hausdorff group. Denote its Bohr compactification by $bG$.
Despite group structure, $G$ has several (Hausdorff) compactifications that, in a sense, the smallest one is ...
- 707
5
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Is every distribution a linear combination of Dirac deltas?
My question is whether Dirac-type distributions over an Abelian group define a basis of the Schwartz-Bruhat space $\mathcal{S}(G)^\times$ of tempered distributions on $G$, so that any distribution $f\...
4
votes
1
answer
325
views
To give an estimate for the maximal function associated to the Schrödinger group by using a measurable selector function
I am consulting some papers (references below) about the Carleson's problem for the pointwise convergence of the Schrödinger group
\begin{equation}
S_t=e^{i t \Delta}.
\end{equation}
In this context ...
- 682
3
votes
2
answers
956
views
Composition of Riesz potentials
For $0<\alpha<n$ and $n\geq 2$ we define the Riesz potential by
$$
(I_\alpha f)(x) = \frac{1}{\gamma(\alpha)}
\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \frac{f(y)}{|x-y|^{n-\alpha}}\, dy\, ,
\quad
\text{where}
\quad
\...
- 27.3k
2
votes
2
answers
239
views
Given a specific function $f$, how to compute the left-inverse of $f$ in the sense of $\approx$?
For a non-negative function $\varphi$ defined on $[0,\infty)$, the left-inverse $\varphi^{-1}$ of $\varphi$ is defined by setting, $\forall t\geq 0$,
$$\varphi^{-1}(t):=\inf\{u\geq0:\varphi(u)\geq t\}....
- 51
2
votes
0
answers
227
views
Dense property of intersection of Sobolev space
I'm using Muscalu and Schlag's textbook (online notes) to study Littlewood-Paley theory in harmonic analysis, where I encounter the following claim:
Pick an arbitrary real number $s$, we have that the ...
- 197
56
votes
4
answers
13k
views
Group theory in machine learning
I'm a Machine Learning researcher who would like to research applications of group theory in ML.
There is a term "Partially Observed Groups" in machine learning theory which has been ...
- 577
42
votes
0
answers
793
views
A kaleidoscopic coloring of the plane
Problem. Is there a partition $\mathbb R^2=A\sqcup B$ of the Euclidean plane into two Lebesgue measurable sets such that for any disk $D$ of the unit radius we get $\lambda(A\cap D)=\lambda(B\cap D)=\...
- 40.9k
26
votes
2
answers
3k
views
Image of L^1 under the Fourier Transform
The Fourier Transform $\mathcal{F}:L^1(\mathbb{R})\to C_0(\mathbb{R})$ is an injective, bounded linear map that isn't onto. It is known (if I remember correctly) that the range isn't closed, but is ...
- 1,012
20
votes
1
answer
2k
views
A conjectured formula for Apéry numbers
A conjecture by the late Romanian mathematician Alexandru Lupas.
Posted in sci.math in 2005, but no proof was found.
Physicist Alan Sokal just reminded me of it, saying it was related to something he ...
- 40.2k
20
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Bounding Schur symmetric polynomials on the unit circle
Recall the Schur polynomial in $n$ variables, indexed by the partition $\lambda$, with $\ell(\lambda) \leq n$, is given by
\begin{equation}
s_\lambda(x_1,\ldots, x_n) = a_{\lambda + \delta}(x_1, \...
- 4,354
19
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Is there a "right" proof of Riemann's Theta Relation?
Let $\theta$ denote the usual Jacobi Theta function (with auxiliary parameter $\tau = i$, for simplicity), i.e.
$$
\theta(z) = \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} \exp(-\pi (a + n)^2 + 2 \pi i n z) \ .
$$
I'm ...
- 915
16
votes
1
answer
1k
views
A possible mistake in Walter Rudin, "Fourier analysis on groups"
I have the following lemma 4.2.4 on page 80 in the book (we have locally compact abelian topological groups $G_1, G_2$ and their duals $\Gamma_1, \Gamma_2$):
Suppose $E$ is a coset in $\Gamma_2$ ...
- 556
15
votes
3
answers
858
views
Tauberian theorem $\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} $
I am trying to prove or disprove
$$\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}e^{-\lambda_{k}t}c_{k} \xrightarrow{t\to 0} \sum_{k=1}^{\infty}c_{k} ,$$
where $\sum c_{k}<\infty, \sum c_{k}^{2}<\infty\text{ and }\frac{\...
- 4,449
14
votes
2
answers
958
views
Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ such that $ \|f''\|_p \geq Cn^2 \| f \|_p$, where $1 \leq p\leq \infty$?
Let $f$ be a trigonometric polynomial on the circle $\mathbb{T}$ with $\hat{f}(j) = 0$ for all $j \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $\lvert j \rvert < n$. Does there exist some $C$ independent of $n$ and $f$ ...
- 141
14
votes
1
answer
1k
views
Definition of discrete spectrum and continuous and basic properties
I apologize if this is too basic for MO.
I have an embarrassing admission to make: I don't know the actual definition of the discrete/continuous spectrum of a reductive group $G/\mathbb{Q}$ (in the ...
- 587
14
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Borel set plus a closed set = Borel
Hi,
Let $R$ be equipped with the usual Borel structure. Let $F$ be a Borel subset and $E$ be a closed subset of $R$. Then $F+E=(f+e: f\in F, e \in E \)$ is Borel? If yes, is it true for any locally ...
12
votes
1
answer
437
views
Is there a physical/geometric proof for L^2 boundedness of Bourgain's maximal function along the squares?
One problem that has bugged me for some time (though I only seriously thought about it for a month several years ago) is to give a physical proof of the L^2 boundedness of Bourgain maximal function ...
- 579
12
votes
1
answer
645
views
Wavelet-like Schauder basis for standard spaces of test functions?
Edit: A more precise formulation of my question follows the separation line.
The Schwartz space of test functions $\mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ is isomorphic to $\mathfrak{s}$ the space of sequences of ...
- 21.8k
12
votes
6
answers
2k
views
Interesting examples of non-locally compact topological groups
Harmonic analysis is concentrated mostly on studying locally compact groups. I would like to ask people about examples of non-locally compact topological groups that are interesting in connection with ...
11
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Green's function of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator
The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator $L$ is given by
$$
Lu = \Delta u- \frac{1}{2}x\cdot \nabla u.
$$
Is there a known closed form expression of the Green's function of $L$ on $\mathbb R^d$ (for $d\geq 2$ ...
11
votes
1
answer
618
views
For discrete groups, does the Haagerup property imply the AP of Haagerup-Kraus?
I don't expect to find an explicit counterexample to my question, because any example which was known to have the Haagerup property yet not have AP would have given an exact group without AP, and the ...
- 25.5k
11
votes
2
answers
1k
views
Interpret Fourier transform as limit of Fourier series
Let $V=\mathbb{R}^n$, $\Lambda_r=2\pi r \mathbb{Z}^n \subset V (r>0)$ a lattice; $V^*\cong\mathbb{R}^n$ the dual vector space of $V$, and $\Lambda_r^*=\frac{1}{2\pi r} \mathbb{Z}^n =\text{Hom}(\...
- 1,856
11
votes
0
answers
361
views
Carleson's Theorem on Manifolds
Let $M$ be an oriented, compact, differentiable manifold with some Riemmanian metric $g$, so that $(M,g)$ has a nice volume form and one can define $L^2(M,g)$ as the completion of $C^\infty(M)$ under ...
- 899
11
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Topology on the Unitary Dual
Suppose I have a locally compact topological group G. The unitary dual of G is the set of equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations of G. Now, it seems to me that the sensible way of ...
- 111
10
votes
0
answers
200
views
Projective tensor squares of uniform algebras
In discussion with a colleague recently (Jan 2017),
$\newcommand{\AD}{A({\bf D})}\newcommand{\CT}{C({\bf T})}$
I was reminded that if $A(D)$ denotes the disc algebra and $\iota: \AD\to \CT$ is the ...
- 25.5k
10
votes
1
answer
740
views
The Dirichlet heat semigroup, $L^1_\delta$, and the dimension shift phenomenon
In relation to the question on the Hardy inequality and the answer by Terry Tao, I've always been curious about the following:
Let $U \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be a bounded domain of class $C^2$, $(e^{-t ...
10
votes
1
answer
1k
views
The supremum value of $\int f(t) \log{\frac{1}{|t|}} \, dt$ for normalized Fourier pairs non-negative outside of $[-1,1]$
Observe that for any Schwartz function $f \in \mathcal{S}(\mathbb{R})$ having
$$
f(0) = \widehat{f}(0) = 1
$$
and
$$
f, \widehat{f} \geq 0 \quad \textrm{outside of} \quad [-1,1],
$$
the following ...
- 13.7k
10
votes
1
answer
654
views
Reference request: Riesz potential $I_\alpha : L^{d/\alpha} \to \rm{BMO}$?
Let us denote the Riesz potential in $\mathbb R^d$ by
$$
I_\alpha (f)(x) := c_{d, \alpha} \int_{\mathbb R^d} \frac{f(y)}{|x-y|^{d-\alpha}}
\, dy.$$
By the classical Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev theorem ...
- 632
9
votes
1
answer
514
views
Pontryagin dual of the surreal numbers?
Has any work been done on the Pontryagin dual of the surreal numbers (suitably topologized)? I have not been able to find anything and am not sure if this is still unknown.
Alternatively, has this ...
- 4,525
8
votes
2
answers
3k
views
$L^p$-norm of Fourier series in terms of coefficients, $p \neq 2$
It is known that the $L^2$-norm of a Fourier series equals the $l^2$-norm of the coefficients. Are there similar results in the case of $L^p$-norm for $p\neq 2$? Can it be expressed explicitly in ...
- 176
8
votes
1
answer
514
views
Which group algebras in analysis are "true group algebras"?
Let $G$ be a group, $A$ a unital associative algebra over ${\mathbb C}$, and let us call a representation of $G$ in $A$ an arbitrary map $\pi:G\to A$ such that
$$
\pi(1)=1,\qquad \pi(a\cdot b)=\pi(a)\...
- 7,274