Questions tagged [forcing]
Forcing is a method first used to prove the continuum hypothesis is independent of the classical axioms of set theory
842
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Independence result where probabilistic intuition predicts the wrong answer?
In some of his writings, Paul Cohen gave an informal, motivational discussion about the word generic (as it is used in forcing). While very suggestive, the discussion leaves the meaning of the word ...
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3
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Characterizing "bounded" distributivity in terms of dense open sets
Prikry forcing is a well-known example of a forcing which adds an $\omega$-sequence to some cardinal $\kappa$, but does not add bounded subsets to $\kappa$.
There are other examples of forcings which ...
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Countable Product of Class Forcing Notions
Is the following consistent?
There are definable class forcing notions $\lbrace \mathbb{P}_{n}\rbrace_{n\in \omega}$ such that:
The product of any finitly many of them preserves $\text{ZFC}$ and all ...
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282
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Is there a forcing closure?
The main theorem of forcing says that for any c.t.m of $ZFC$ like $M$ and for all partial order $\mathbb{P}$ and $\mathbb{P}$-generic $G$ over $M$, there is a c.t.m of $ZFC$, like $N$ such that $N$ is ...
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Solovay's paper from AD+ that all sets are Ramsey
For my research I've been trying to locate Solovay's proof that AD+ implies that all sets are Ramsey (or completely Ramsey, depending on the terminology). I know that it uses Mathias forcing but I ...
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Forcing axiom for a single poset
Let $FA_\kappa (\mathbb{P})$ be the claim that for every family $\mathscr{D}$ of dense sets in the poset $\mathbb{P}$ with $\vert \mathscr{D} \vert = \kappa $ there is a filter $G$ such that for all $...
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Does Laver Forcing add an infinitely often equal real?
Given a model $V$ of set theory and an inner model $W \subseteq V$, a real $x \in V \cap \omega^\omega$ is infinitely often equal over $W$ if for each real $y \in \omega^\omega$ there are infinitely $...
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On a theorem of Zhang Jinwen about models of arithmetic
In the paper ''A Nonstandard Model of Arithmetic Constructed by means of Forcing Method'', Zhang Jinwen states the following in his abstract:
The first nonstandard model of arithmetic was given by ...
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Tree Version of Hechler Forcing
In their recent (2009) paper Eventually Different Functions and Inaccessible Cardinals, Brendle and Löwe consider a 'tree version' of the Hechler forcing. This forcing $\mathbb{D}$ consists of ...
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Forcing out of L[U] when we have a precipitous ideal in V
The following theorem of Jech, Magidor, Mitchell and Prikry is well-known.
Theorem. (1) If $\kappa$ is a regular cardinal that carries a precipitous ideal, then $\kappa$ is a measurable cardinal in an ...
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Non-homogeneous forcing and HOD
Is there a separative forcing notion $\mathbb{P}$ such that:
1) For any $p \in\mathbb{P}, \mathbb{P}/p = \{q \in \mathbb{P}: q \leq p \}$ is not forcing isomorphic to any homogeneous forcing notion,
...
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Iteration of random reals
Consider two random reals $x, y$ over a transitive model $V$ of ZFC. More specifically, if $\mathcal C^V={}^\omega2$ is the Cantor space, composing the canonical homeomorphism with the projections $\...
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How Random is Cohen?
Suppose that $V$ is a universe of $\sf ZFC$, and $c$ is a Cohen generic real over $V$. Is it possible that $c$ is also generic in other senses? I know that it can't be random or Sacks or whatnot ...
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Consistency results using nonstandard models
Are there any consistency results in set theory (or in mathematics) that can be proved using nonstandard models of ZFC but not using transitive models of ZFC?
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subalgebra of a simple forcing
Let $\alpha > 0$ be any ordinal. Consider the forcing $Add(\omega,\alpha) * Add(\omega_1,1)$. Let $B$ be its boolean completion. Let $\dot{X}$ be the canonical $B$-name for the generic subset of ...
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Suslin algebras
A Suslin algebra is a generalization of a Suslin tree: it is a ccc, $(\omega,\infty)$-distributive boolean algebra. Jech proved that every Suslin algebra has size at most $2^{\omega_1}$. A proof is ...
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Proof (or reference) about the cc-ness of termspace forcing
Recall that for $P$ a forcing order and $\dot{Q}$ a $P$-name for a forcing order, the termspace forcing $T(P,\dot{Q})$ consists of minimal-rank names for elements of $\dot{Q}$, ordered by $\dot{q}'\...
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Preservation of projective stationarity
A set $S \subseteq [\kappa]^\omega$ is called projective stationary if for every stationary $A \subseteq \omega_1$, and every algebra $F : \kappa^{<\omega}\to\kappa$, there is $z\in S$ such that $z$...
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Dropping "generic" from the definition of forcing
Back when I was first learning about forcing and trying to understand the need to consider generic filters, I came up with the following question. Suppose we have a countable transitive model $M$. ...
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475
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Forcing the negation of CH without adding Cohen reals over L
Suppose CH + "there are no Cohen reals over L". Can we force the negation of CH without adding any Cohen real over L?
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Forcing Extension of Countable Linearly Iterable Structures
Let $V$ satisfy there exists a measurable cardinal. Let $\kappa$ be a measurable cardinal and $U$ be the normal measure on $\kappa$ witnessing this. Let $\mathbb{P}$ be a forcing of size less than $\...
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Generic filters of inverse limits
Maybe this doubt is silly, but I do not understand the final step of the proof of Lemma 5.2 in Hamkins' paper Fragile measurability, Journal of Symbolic Logic 59 (1994) 262-282.
There, $\mathbb P_\...
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Can the Cohen forcing collapse cardinals?
Let $\kappa$ be a regular cardinal, and let $\mathbb{P} = Add(\kappa,1)$ be the standard forcing notion for adding a new subset of $\kappa$ using partial function from $\kappa$ to $2$ with domain of ...
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GCH+ Kurepa Families
I have a couple of questions about known theorems for GCH+Kurepa families.
Definition first: Let $\kappa$ be a infinite cardinal. A $\kappa^+$ Kurepa family is a family $F$ of subsets of $\kappa^+$ ...
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Symmetric extensions and class forcing
Suppose $V\models ZFC$ and $P\in V$ is a poset of forcing conditions.
It is a basic theorem in forcing that $V[G]\models ZFC$ for any generic extension by a $V$-generic filter $G$.
It is also known ...
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336
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How hard is it to get "absolutely" no amorphous sets?
A beautiful and surprising (to me at least) result around the axiom of choice is that, while full $\mathsf{AC}$ is preserved by forcing, a model of $\mathsf{ZF}$ + "There are no amorphous sets&...
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Class forcing as set forcing followed by truncation
My question arises from thinking about how we can obtain class forcing extensions from truncations of set forcing extensions in the presence of a (strongly) inaccessible cardinal in the following ...
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240
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Pseudo-Prikry sequences vs Prikry sequences
Definition: Let $V\subseteq W$ be two transitive models of $ZFC$. A pseudo-Prikry sequence, $s$, at a cardinal $\kappa$ for $(V, W)$ is an $\omega$-sequence, cofinal at $\kappa$ such that for every ...
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2
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Characterization of $\kappa$-closed forcings
For the notion of distributivity of forcings, we have equivalent defintions, one combintorial, the other in terms of what the generic extensions look like. For a partial order $\mathbb{P}$, the ...
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Reals added after Cohen forcing II
This is related to my previous question "Reals added after Cohen forcing" Reals added after Cohen forcing
The fact is that what I had in mind by $\lambda-$many Cohen reals was different from what was ...
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673
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complete embeddings of boolean algebras and preservation of stationarity
Define a complete embedding of Boolean algebra as an homomorphism of Boolean algebras which preserves also the sup and inf operations. Notice that if $\mathbb{B}$ and $\mathbb{D}$ are complete boolean ...
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Bounding and domination numbers for relation $\leq$ modulo $\omega$-nullsets
We say that $A\subseteq \omega$ is a nullset if $$\lim\sup_{n\to \infty} \frac{|A\cap n|}{n+1} = 0.$$
Let $\omega^\omega$ denote the set of functions $f:\omega\to\omega$. We define a pre-ordering ...
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2
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Characterizations of infinite compact Abelian groups and probability spaces based on the forcing notion they give
Let $G$ be an infinite compact Abelian group with the collection $\mathcal{B}$ of Borel subsets of $G$, and $m$ the (unique) normalized Haar measure on $\mathcal{B}$. This gives a natural forcing ...
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Restrictions of the Stationary Tower forcing providing various critical points
Following Larson's "The Stationary Tower", let $\mathbb{P}_{<\delta}$ be the full stationary tower on $\delta$, and for a stationary $S\subset \mathcal{P}_\delta(V_\delta)$, $\mathbb{P}_{<\delta}...
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Silver forcing and Cichoń's diagram
Recall that the Silver forcing $\mathbb{P}$ is defined as the set of all partial functions $p\in 2^{\le\omega}$ such that $\omega\setminus dom(p)$ is infinite. As usual, $p\le_\mathbb{P}q$ if $p$ ...
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Set theoretic forcing, large cardinals and probabilistic methods
This question is motivated by the work of Ajtai "The complexity of the pigeonhole principle" and similar works. In this paper, the author proves that $PHP_n$, the pigeonhole principle for $...
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Extending Sacks forcing
Sacks forcing allows us to build a model $V[G]$, such that there is no "intermediate model" between $V$ and $V[G]$, meaning if $V \subseteq W \subseteq V[G]$ is a model of ZFC then either $W = V$ or $...
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Intermediate submodels which do not satisfy AC
The following is known:
Theorem. Suppose $V[G]$ is a generic extension of $V$ by a set forcing, and let $N$ be a model of $ZFC$ with $V\subseteq N\subseteq V[G].$ Then $N$ is a generic extension of $...
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A special c.c.c forcing notion and adding minimal generic reals
This question is related to my question "Forcing with c.c.c forcing notions, Cohen reals and Random reals".
A natural way to answer Prikry's conjecture is to build a c.c.c. forcing notion which adds ...
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Consistency of Rado's conjecture with not CH
Rado's conjecture (one of many equivalent formulations) states: any non-special tree has a non-special subtree of cardinality $\aleph_1$.
"Special" means a tree can be decomposed into countably many ...
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How many closed measure zero sets are needed to cover the real line, really?
This is a refinement of an earlier question.
This question assumes familiarity with combinatorial cardinal characteristics of the continuum.
For the reader's convenience, I reproduce below the ...
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On Consistency of an Existence
Let $\omega \leq \kappa <2^{\omega}$ , $\omega \leq\lambda \leq \kappa$ and $D(\kappa, \lambda)$ be the statement:
For all $ \mathfrak{B} \subseteq \mathbf{P}(\omega)$ with $|\mathfrak{B}|=\kappa$...
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On the definition of $\alpha$-proper poset
I am reading Uri Abraham's chapter on Proper Forcing in the Handbook of Set Theory and I have a quite trivial question on the definition of $\alpha$-proper forcing. Since there are many equivalent ...
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Understanding descending intersections of generic extensions
Let $B_{0}\supseteq B_{1}\supseteq\dots\supseteq B_{\alpha}\supseteq\dots\,\,\left(\alpha<\kappa\right)$ be a descending sequence of complete Boolean algebras, $B_{\kappa}:=\bigcap_{\alpha<\...
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Construction of a model of $ZFC+\neg Con(ZFC)$
By Gödel's second incompleteness theorem, the following assertion is true in ZFC:
$$
Con(ZFC)\rightarrow Con(ZFC+\neg Con(ZFC))
$$
Considering the completeness theorem, this assertion is equivalent to ...
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What is forcing indescribability?
Suppose $m, n\in\omega$ and $\kappa$ is a cardinal. Then $\kappa$ is $\Pi^m_n$-indescribable if every $\Pi^m_n$-sentence true about $\kappa$ is true about some $\lambda<\kappa$; formally, if for ...
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Modifying a Cohen generic
Let $M$ be a transitive model of ZFC (set- or class-sized) and let $\kappa\in M$ be a regular cardinal (in $V$). Let $G$ be $M$-generic for $\operatorname{Add}(\kappa,1)$. Now suppose that there is an ...
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Consistency of Weak Diamond with a Weak Version of Martin's Axiom
If $S \subset \omega_1$ is stationary, then the weak diamond principle $\Phi(S)$ states that for any $F: 2^{<\omega_1} \to 2$, there is a $g: \omega_1 \to 2$ such that for all $f: \omega_1 \to 2$, ...
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Embeddings of forcing notions - preserve properness?
Let $ M $ be a countable, transitive model for $ \mathsf{ZFC}^* $, i.e. for a sufficiently large finite fragment of $ \mathsf{ZFC} $. Suppose that $ \mathbb{P} := (P, {\leq_P}, \mathbb{1}_P) \in M $ ...
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1
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930
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Is there a monster behind the trees?
First Fix the following notation:
$\forall \kappa\in Card~~~Tp(\kappa):="\kappa~has~tree~property"$
The large cardinals as "monsters of heaven" live everywhere in the land of ...