Questions tagged [euclidean-geometry]
Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to the Alexandrian Greek mathematician Euclid, which he described in his textbook on geometry: the Elements. Euclid's method consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms, and deducing many other propositions (theorems) from these.
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Necessary and sufficient condition for tangential polygon to be cyclic
Can you prove or disprove the following claim?
Claim. Let $A_1,A_2, \ldots ,A_n$ be the vertices of an $n$-sided tangential polygon and let $B_1,B_2, \ldots ,B_n$ be the contact points of the ...
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Looking for journal (without fees) to publish a research paper in Euclidean geometry
I am looking for a place to publish a research paper in Euclidean geometry. This is a fairly lengthy article (56 pages) in which I present a fundamental property of polygons. I have already been ...
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Embedding an icosahedron
A transitive set in $\mathbf{R}^n$ is a finite set with a transitive group of symmetries. I want to understand how subsets of a transitive set constrain the group.
Let me start with the example of a ...
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Point of concurrency [closed]
I am looking for the proof of the following claim:
Claim: Let $\triangle ABC$ be an arbitrary triangle, $D$ its nine-point center and $E,F,G$ are the nine-point centers of the triangles $\triangle ...
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Smallest regular $m$-gon covering a regular $n$-gon
I start by stating the problem, which is already hinted in the title of the question. I do believe it is a research-level question.
Let us fix a regular $n$-gon with area $1$. What is the smallest ...
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Finding Pythagorean quadruples on a given plane?
In 2D one cannot construct Pythagorean triples $x^2+y^2=m^2$ ($x,y,m\in\mathbb{Z}$) that lie on every line through the origin (e.g., a Pythagorean triple with $x=y$ would require $\sqrt{2}$ to be ...
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Which tetrahedra are scissor congruent to a cube?
Question: Which Euclidean tetrahedra are scissor congruent to cubes?
Consider a Euclidean tetrahedron $T$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with edge lengths $l_1,\ldots, l_6$ and dihedral angles $\alpha_1,\ldots, \...
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Status of Larry Guth's Sponge Problem
[Edited Jan 23, 2021]
Let $D^n$ be the $n$-dimensional unit radius disk in euclidean $\mathbb{R}^n$.
Larry Guth's Sponge Problem asks: Does there exist a constant $\epsilon=\epsilon_n$ such that every ...
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Sufficient coordinate-free condition for points being co-spheric
Question:
is there a theorem that guarantees that
$\mathcal{P}\subset\mathbb{E}^n$ is finite set of points in a Euclidean space and all radii of the $(n-1)$-spheres that are defined by the $n$-...
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A generalization of Harcourt's theorem
This question is closely related to my previous question.
Can you prove the claim given below? The following claim is a conjectured generalization of Harcourt's theorem.
Claim. Let $A_1,A_2 \ldots ...
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Optimizing the gradient norm on the unit sphere
Let $ \Bbb S^{d-1}=\{(x_1,\cdots ,x_d): x_1^2+ \cdots +x_d^2=1\}\subset \Bbb R^d$ be the unit
sphere. Let $\nabla u= (\partial_{x_1}u,\cdots, \partial_{x_d}u)$ be the gradient of a function $u\in C_c^\...
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Does this plane geometry theorem have a name (well-known)?
Consider three circles $(O_1)$, $(O_2)$, $(O_3)$. Denote the homothetic center of $\{$$(O_1)$, $(O_2)$$\}$ by $A$, the homothetic center of $\{$$(O_2)$, $(O_3)$$\}$ by $B$. Let $C$, $D$ be two points ...
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A formula for the area of bicentric quadrilateral
Can you provide a proof for the claim given below? The following claim is inspired by Harcourt's theorem and can be seen as its generalization to quadrilaterals.
Claim. Given bicentric quadrilateral $...
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Are there any neusis-hard/neusis-complete problems?
I have lately been enjoying Richeson's Tales of Impossibility (see MAA review), an accessible book on the famous problems of Euclidean geometry including angle trisection/cube doubling/heptagon ...
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Converse to Euclid's fifth postulate
There is a fascinating open problem in Riemannian Geometry which I would like to advertise here because I do not think that it is as well-known as it deserves to be. Euclid's famous fifth postulate, ...
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The centroid, the first and second Napoleon points and $X(930)$ lie on a circle
Can you provide an elementary proof for the claim given below?
Preliminary definitions:
$X(110)=$ focus of Kiepert parabola.
$X(137)=X(110)$ of orthic triangle .
$X(930)=$ anticomplement of $X(137)$ .
...
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Differential of the gradient of a strictly convex function
For $n\geq 2$, we consider $\mathbb{R}^n$ endowed with the usual scalar product. Let $f\in\mathcal{C}^2(\mathbb{R}^n,\mathbb{R})$ be a striclty convex function such that $\nabla f$ is nowhere ...
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Expected triangle area of normal distributed vertices with colinear expectations
For the bounty the already answered problem was reformulated
This question was already answered for random variables in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Now I am looking for the solution in $\mathbb{R}^2$ that could ...
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What is the expected value of the volume of a tetrahedron inscribed in the unit sphere?
Four (non-coincident) points on the unit sphere determine a tetrahedron. What is the expected value of the volume of such a tetrahedron--the volume of the sphere itself being $\frac{4 \pi}{3} \approx ...
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How to tile a plane such that moving from one tile to the next in any of the 8 cardinal directions is the same length?
When tiling the euclidean plane with squares (like most board games), moving diagonally to another tile is longer than moving vertically or horizontally. Is there a tiling such that moving in any of ...
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Checking planar convexity of 4 points with Stewart's formula
Is the following conjecture correct?
Conjecture:
If $A,B,C,D$ are four points in general position in the euclidean plane, with
$a:=\|C-B\|,\ \ b:=\|C-A\|,\ \ c:=\|B-A\|$
$a':=\|D-A\|,\...
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How can construct three circles in a given triangle such that three internal tangent form an equilateral triangle
How can construct three circles in a given triangle such that three internal tangent form an equilateral triangle?
See also:
Malfatti circles
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Brother of Japanese theorem for cyclic quadrilaterals
I am looking for a proof of a like result as follows and Higher-dimensional generalizations?
Let $A, B, C, D$ be four point with lengths of $AB, BC, CD, DA$ are $a, b, c, d$ respectively. Let $F \in ...
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Lines through the origin every pair of which meet at the same angle
This item isn't getting attention, so I'll try it here:
begin quote
The three lines through antipodal pairs of centers of faces of a cube meet each other pairwise at $90^\circ$ angles.
The three lines ...
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Algorithm to decide whether two constructible numbers are equal?
The set of constructible numbers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructible_number
is the smallest field extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ that is closed under square root and complex conjugation. I am ...
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0
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Maximizing the volume of the intersection of a fixed ball with a cube with varying width and location
Given a ball $B$ and a linear subspace $L$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, what is the maximum value of
$\frac{vol(B \cap C)}{vol(C)}$
where $C$ is a cube of the form $x + [0, h]^n$ for $x \in L$ and $h \in \...
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Unusual symmetries of the Cayley-Menger determinant for the volume of tetrahedra
Suppose you have a tetrahedron $T$ in Euclidean space with edge lengths $\ell_{01}$, $\ell_{02}$, $\ell_{03}$, $\ell_{12}$, $\ell_{13}$, and $\ell_{23}$. Now consider the tetrahedron $T'$ with edge ...
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Can an exterrior of a ball in Euclidean space be considered a ball itself under any proposed generalization?
If we take an n-dimensional Euclidean space and cut off a ball centered at origin, we get a set that has boundary equal to the surface area of the cut off ball.
I wonder whether there were any ...
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Which subsets of the plane are similar to all their affine images?
A parabola P in the plane has the nice property that the image of P under any affine transformation is similar to P itself.
Which other subsets of the plane have this property?
I wondered aloud about ...
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Tangencies of Villarceau circles in a 3D Steiner chain
Consider a Steiner chain made of an arbitrary number $n$ ($\geq 3$) of spheres (not circles, spheres), as in the picture below with $n=6$ (so it is a so-called Soddy hexlet). I've found this picture ...
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Trigonometry / Euclidean Geometry for natural numbers?
Let $d(a,b) = 1 - \frac{2\gcd(a,b)^3}{ab(a+b)}$ be a metric on natural numbers without $0$.
The metric space $X = \{x_0,x_1,\cdots,x_n\},n>2$ is isometric embeddable in $\mathbb{R}^n$ if and only ...
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Solid angles at points in an orthosimplex
Given a point ${\bf x} = (x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)$ in the orthosimplex $K = \{(x_1,x_2,\dots,x_n)\ : \ 0 \leq x_1 \leq x_2 \leq \dots \leq x_n \leq 1\}$, what proportion of a ball of radius $\epsilon$ ...
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Trade-off between covering number, ball radius and diameter of $d$-dimensional shapes
Given any $d$-dimensional shape $X$ in the Euclidean space, let $\ell(X)$ be the length of the longest line segment connecting two points of $X$. How can we prove the following statement?
There exists ...
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Trade-off between hypervolume and diameter of $d$-dimensional shapes having a hypercubic smallest bounding box
Given any $d$-dimensional shape $X$, let $V(X)$ be its $d$-dimensional volume, and let $\ell(X)$ be the length of the longest line segment connecting two points of $X$.
Let $\mathcal{S}_C$ be the set ...
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Can prolates overlap more easily than oblates?
Context:
When modeling anisotropic particles, the two common types of shapes of interest are cylindrical and disk-like particles. For simplicity let us say we model these as prolates and oblates ...
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If the volume-ratio of an inscribed convex set to the circumscribing convex set is rational, can anything of consequence be further deduced?
Say, one has two $n$-dimensional convex sets $A$ and $B$, with $B$ being inscribed in the strictly larger set $A$. ($A$ and $B$ have at least one boundary point in common. $B$ “fits snugly” in $A$ ...
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On isospectral planar domains (and a paper by Buser, Conway, Doyle and Semmler)
I have never seen a short, elegant way (from the viewpoint of a non-topologist) which constructs isospectral planar domains from Sunada group triples, although essentially those triples live at the ...
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There is no general method to construct n-regular polygon such that the given n-polygon inscribed the n-regular polygon
Conjecture 1: With $n\ge 5$, given general n-polygon, there is no general method to construct n-regular polygon such that the given n-polygon inscribed the n-regular polygon (with one and only one ...
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A canonical map from a Euclidean cone-manifold $M^3$ to $\mathbb{E}^3/\mathrm{Hol}(M)$
Suppose we have a 3-dimensional Euclidean cone-manifold $M$—in my book that just means $M$ is a manifold whose geometry is constructed by gluing it out of Euclidean tetrahedra, with faces paired by ...
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How large can you draw an island on a map?
A cartographer friend asked me this question: could you classify (shapes of) islands by how much space they occupy on a map (comparatively to how much space is occupied by water) if you draw them as ...
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How can construct the equilateral $A''B''C''$ such that area of $A''B''C''$ is biggest
Let $ABC$ be arbitrary triangle in a plane. Let $A'B'C'$ and $A''B''C''$ be two equilateral triangles such that $A \in B'C'$, $B \in C'A'$, $C \in A'B'$ and $A \in B''C''$, $B \in C''A''$, $C \in A''B'...
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An new equilateral triangle related to the Morley triangle
Morley equilateral triangle is the nice theorem in Eulidean Geometry. I found an equilateral triangle and a group circle related to the Morley triangle and angle trisectors:
Let $ABC$ be a triangle ...
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ratio between a polygon bounded in another polygon [closed]
Let A be a convex polygon with area SA. Construct a new polygon B by orderly connecting the midpoints of the segments of A. Denote the area of B by SB. Claim : the ratio SB/SA is constant for all ...
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Frégier and Frégier's Theorem
A curious and interesting gem is Frégier's theorem, quoted here from David Wells:
Choose any point $P$ on a conic, and make it the vertex of a right
angle which rotates about $P$. Then the ...
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Emergence of the orthogonal group
Do we know what mathematician first considered, and perhaps named, what we call the group $\mathrm O(n)$, or $\mathrm{SO}(n)$, for some $n>3$?
I mean it specifically as group (not Lie algebra) ...
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Studying finite groups with Euclidean geometry?
Since each finite group $G$ can be considered as a subgroup of the symmetric group, by Cayley's theorem, we might see the elements of $G$ as permutations $\pi$.
Consider for each $\pi \in G$ the set:
...
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Is this elementary formula for the parabolic segment new?
Recently (May 2020) a formula for the area of the parabolic segment (i.e. the region enclosed by a parabola and a line), in terms of the coefficients of the Cartesian equations, has been published by ...
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Probability that a stick randomly broken in five places can form a tetrahedron
Edit (June 2015): Addressing this problem is a brief project report from the Illinois Geometry Lab (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), dated May 2015, that appears here along with a foot-...
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Comparing Euclidean norm of two normal vectors
Let $X_i$ ($i = 1,2$) be two random vectors in $\mathbb R^n$, with normal distribution with scalar covariance matrix $\sigma_i^2$ and center $\mu_i$ (in my case, $n = 2$). Is there a way to estimate ...
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The lion and the zebras
The lion plays a deadly game against a group of $N$ zebras that takes place in the steppe (= an infinite plane). The lion starts in the origin with coordinates $(0,0)$, while the $N$ zebras may ...