Questions tagged [curves-and-surfaces]
A surface is a generalization of a plane which needs not be flat, that is, the curvature is not necessarily zero. This is analogous to a curve generalizing a straight line
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Can we define surface integral on 'bad surface'?
We can define a surface integral on a piecewise smooth surface, but if the surface is not piecewise smooth can we use measure theory to generalize the definition of surface integral? And does Stokes ...
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How can I find the area of a rectangle created by the spiral r=theta at a certain theta? [closed]
I would like to have a function that gives the area of a rectangle at a certain theta of the spiral r=theta. The height of the rectangle is the y value of the point on the spiral and the base of the ...
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understanding the definition of subgroup of the Grothendieck-Teichmuller group
Definition. Let $\widehat{G T}^{1}$ be the set of elements $f$ in the derived subgroup $\hat{F}_{2}^{\prime}$ of $\hat{F}_{2}$ such that $x \mapsto x$ and $y \mapsto f^{-1} y f$ extends to an ...
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Pushing figures into holes
Let $\gamma_1,\gamma_2:[0,1]\to \mathbb{R}^2$ - smooth curve, $\gamma_i(0)=\gamma_i(1)$, $X_1$ and $X_2$ are the areas bounded by the corresponding curves. . Suppose we have an $X_1 $-shaped hole, and ...
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What's the name of this surface: $z = \exp(xy)$ [exponentialoid?] [closed]
When studying the real value exponential, I encounter the surface $z = e^{x\cdot y}$ but I don't know if it has a name. I've created a 3D applet to explore it. When I cut it by the plane
$$
(x-x_0)\...
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Continuity of the perimeter of level sets w.r.t. level function
Working with the level set method introduced by Osher & Sethian in shape optimization I came across a simple question that I did not succeed to prove. It mainly asserts that the perimeter of the ...
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Continuity of Hausdorff measure on level sets
Let $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ a open and bounded set with smooth boundary and $\phi:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}$ a smooth function such that:
$\bullet$ $\phi^{-1}(0)\neq\emptyset$;
$\bullet$ $\nabla\phi(x)\...
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Classes of curves closed under Minkowsky sum
Let $C$ be a class of plane curves, regarded as subsets of $\mathbb{R}^2$ (parametrization won't matter), I'm thinking for example of splines or algebraic subsets. Let $D$ be a class of topological ...
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When does the Hirzebruch surface have a nef anticanonical divisor?
Let $\mathcal H_r=\mathbb P (\mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}\oplus \mathcal O_{\mathbb P^1}(r))$ be a Hirzebruch surface for some $r\in\mathbb Z$. As a toric variety, the fan structure is spanned by $(-1,0)$,...
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Necessary and sufficient curvature condition for a regular planar curve to be simple and closed
Given a smooth, $2\pi$-periodic function $\kappa(s)$, the associated planar curve $\gamma(s)$ for which $\kappa(s)$ is the (signed) curvature, is uniquely determined up to Euclidean invariance: a ...
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When does a spherical curve equal its tangent indicatrix?
Given a smooth regular curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$, one defines the tangent indicatrix of $\gamma$ to be the spherical curve $\gamma'/\lVert \gamma'\rVert$. It is then natural to look for ...
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When is the cut locus a finite tree?
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbf{R}^2$ be a bounded, simply connected domain, with a regular boundary, say of class $C^2$ at least. Let the cut locus $C$ of $\Omega$ be the set of points $x \in \Omega$ for ...
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Understanding sheaves on normalisation of a curve: $v_* \mathcal{O}_{\tilde{C}} / \mathcal{O}_C$
Let $(C, \mathcal{O}_C)$ be a reduced irreducible curve and $(\tilde{C},\mathcal{O}_{\tilde{C}})$ its normalisation with $v : \tilde{C} \rightarrow C$. Then we have an imoprtant skyscraper sheaf $v_* \...
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"Arc" length parametrization for surfaces
If we have a function $\phi:\Omega\subseteq\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$, $\phi\in C^2(\Omega)$ is there a way to find a function $d:\Omega\to\mathbb{R}, d\in C^2(\Omega)$ so that:
$|\nabla d(x,y)|=1,\ \...
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Hyperbolic length of curve that does not enter a collar
Let $\Sigma$ be a compact surface of genus at least $1$ with one boundary component, equipped with a hyperbolic metric so that the boundary is geodesic. There is a version of the collar lemma that ...
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Is there the longest geodesic?
Given a closed 2-surface $M$ together with a Riemannian metric $g$.
We pick a free homotopy class $\gamma \in \pi_1(M)$ and consider the set $C(\gamma)$ of all closed geodesics homotopic to $\gamma$.
...
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Degree $4$ curves on K3 double covers of Del-Pezzo surfaces
Let $S$ be a smooth del-Pezzo surface and $\pi : X \longrightarrow S$ be the double cover of $S$ ramified in a smooth section of $-2K_S$. Going through the classification of del-Pezzo surfaces, one ...
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Are any of these complex surfaces ever projective?
Let $C$ and $T$ be compact connected Riemann surfaces (or: smooth projective connected curves over $\mathbb{C}$) of genus at least two and let $X:=C\times T$. Let $(c,t)$ be a point of $X$, and let $...
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Representing relative homology classes orientable surfaces with boundary
Let $S$ be compact oriented surface without boundary. Then it is a classical result that a primitive class $\gamma \in H_1(S; \mathbb{Z})$ is always represented by a simple closed curve. It implies ...
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On cycloids and other roulettes
It is well known that the cycloid is the curve traced by a point on a circle as the circle rolls along a line without slipping.
Consider wheels with smooth convex shapes (not necessarily circular) ...
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intuition behind shape optimization using Hadamard's method
I'm trying to understand the intuition behind shape optimization using Hadamard's method. Please consider the following simple example:
Let $\lambda$ denote the Lebesgue measure on $\mathcal B(\...
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Shape derivative of boundary integrals and differentiability of the integrand on a tubular neighborhood
Let $d\in\mathbb N$, $U\subseteq\mathbb R^d$ be open, $$\mathcal A:=\{\Omega\subseteq\mathbb R^d:\Omega\text{ is bounded and open},\overline\Omega\subseteq U\text{ and }\partial\Omega\text{ is of ...
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An abstract characterization of line integrals
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold (endowed with a Riemann structure, if useful). If $\omega \in \Omega^1 (M)$ is a smooth $1$-form and $c : [0,1] \to M$ is a smooth curve, one defines the line integral of $...
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The space of rearrangements of a plane curve
I learned of the paper "Closing curves by rearranging arcs" by L. Alese (arXiv link) by a post on Reddit and was curious about related questions and generalizations. Here a rearrangement of ...
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When is the inside of a Jordan curve open? [closed]
I'm working purely on intuition here. The Jordan curve theorem states that a Jordan curve separates the plane into a bounded component and an infinite component. For toy curves, it seems like this ...
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Surprising properties of closed planar curves
In https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.05422 I proved with elementary topological methods that a smooth planar curve with total turning number a non-zero integer multiple of $2\pi$ (the tangent fully turns a ...
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Non-isotrival fiber bundle over compact Riemann surface
In this paper, Kodaira constructed a fiber bundle $\Phi:M_{m,n}\to S$ from a compact complex surface $M_{m,n}$ to a compact Rieman surface $S$ of genus $>0$. In particular, (on p.212) for any point ...
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Difference of two functions with constant mean curvature
Define the set $\Omega := (-\epsilon,\epsilon) \times (-1,1)^{n-1}$, and define
$\Gamma := \{-\epsilon,\epsilon\} \times (-1,1)^{n-1} \subset \partial \Omega$.
Suppose I have two functions $u,v \in C^...
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Geometric/Algebraic intersection numbers of curves on surfaces
I have the following problem, and struggling to find some references.
Suppose I start with a homology class of a curve on a closed genus $g$ surface $$h=(a_{1},b_{1},\dots,a_{g},b_{g})\in H_{1}(\...
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Coordinates for Laminations: geometric versus shear
Let $S$ be an orientable surface with a triangulation T.
A lamination $\ell$ is a simple closed curve on $S$, up to isotopy. We will assume that $\ell$ is drawn in such a way that it intersects the ...
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Chord of fixed length traveling around a Jordan curve
Let $C$ be a Jordan curve with nice enough properties whenever necessary (e.g. smooth, or just rectifiable, perhaps). I am interested in knowing how long can a chord be that "traverses" the ...
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I found a (probably new) family of real analytic closed Bezier-like curves; is it publishable?
Given $n$ distinct points $\mathbf{x} = (\mathbf{x}_1, \ldots, \mathbf{x}_n)$ in the plane $\mathbb{R}^2$, I associate a real analytic map:
$f_{\mathbf{x}}: S^1 \to \mathbb{R}^2$
with the following ...
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Stationary phase in spherical integral
I'm trying to find asymptotics for an oscillatory integral on $\mathbb{S}^{n-1}$, for which my advisor said I should use stationary phase arguments. The particular, he claims that:
If $\lambda\gg 1$...
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Controlling the intersection of two surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$
Let $F_1,F_2$ be two closed orientable surfaces embedded in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with genus $2g_1, 2g_2$, respectively (edit: with $g_1, g_2 \geq 1$). Is it possible to isotope around $F_1$ and $F_2$ so ...
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Examples of complicated parametric Jordan curves
For test purposes I need parametric Jordan curves that are complicated in the sense of having many inflection points and ideally no symmetries.
When doing online search I always land at complex ...
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Is there a bijection between the set of simple closed curves and this space of functions?
A simple closed curve $\mathcal{C}$ in the plane is such that, going along the curve from a point $P$ thereon and getting back to it, the total angle has measure $2\pi$. So one can write $2\pi=\int_{\...
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Conceptual proof of classification of surfaces?
Every compact surface is diffeomorphic to $S^2$, $\underbrace{T^2\#\ldots \#T^2}_n$, or $\underbrace{RP^2\#\ldots \#RP^2}_n$ for some $n\ge 1$.
Is there a conceptual proof of this classification ...
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Area of a surface confined by a sphere II
[A followup on two related posts:
Area of a surface confined by a sphere
Area of a elliptic surface confined by a sphere
. Thanks to all the inputs so far.]
Let $S$ be a surface enclosed inside the ...
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Area of a elliptic surface confined by a sphere
Let $S$ be a surface enclosed inside the unit sphere in $R^3$. If every point of S is elliptic, then must $\operatorname{Area}(S)≤\operatorname{Area}(S^2)$?
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Area of a surface confined by a sphere
Let $S$ be a hypersurface enclosed inside the unit sphere in $R^n$. We may assume that every ray $\{t x: t \geq 0 \}$ intersects $S$ at most once.
Under what extra condition is ${\rm Area}(S) \leq {\...
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Is the radial projection map area increasing?
Let $S$ be a hypersurface enclosed inside the unit sphere in $R^n$. Assume that every ray $\{t x: t \geq 0 \}$ intersects $S$ at most once.
Is it always true that ${\rm Area}(S) \leq {\rm Area}(P(S))$...
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Essential simple closed curves on a punctured torus vs those in the torus
Let $T$ be a compact oriented torus, let $p\in T$ be a point, and let $T^*$ be $T - \{p\}$.
In Farb-Margalit's Primer on mapping class groups, in the discussion after Proposition 1.5 they say that "...
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Minimal extension of local systems
Let $M$ be a complex manifold of dimension $2$, $D \subset M$ be a connected, simple, normal crossings divisor and $L$ be a $\mathbb{C}$-local system defined over $M\backslash D$. Denote by $j: M\...
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Given $\theta$, find $f$ such that $\int_{\mathbb{T}} \text{e}^{i\theta} \cos(h \cdot f) = 0,$ for all $h \in \mathbb{N}$
Let $\theta$ be a $C^{\infty}$ (resp. analytic) real-valued function on $\mathbb{T}=[0,2\pi]/\{0,2\pi\}$.
When can one find $f \neq 0$, $C^{\infty}$ (resp. analytic) real-valued function on $\...
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Closed simple curves in $\mathbb{R}\mathbb{P}^2$
EDIT: The well known Jordan curve theorem says: let $C\subset S^2$ be a closed simple curve on the 2-sphere. Then its complement $S^2\backslash C$ consists of two connected components, both ...
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A generalization of Jordan-Schoenflies theorem on simple plane curves
The well known Jordan-Schoenflies theorem says: let $C\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a closed simple curve. Then there exists a homeomorphism $f\colon\mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}^2$ such that $f(C)$ is the ...
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Blaschke points
A Blaschke point of a metric space is a point so that every geodesic (i.e. locally shortest path) starting at that point and of length less than the diameter of the metric space is the unique shortest ...
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Minimal graph over convex domain is area-minimizing
I am looking for a reference stating that
If a graph $z=f(x,y)$ over a convex domain $D$ is minimal, then it is area-minimizing.
5.4.18 in Federer's "Geometric measure theory" and Lemma 1.1. in ...
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Are Bernstein polynomials bounded by their coefficients?
I am representing a function by nth order Bernstein polynomial coefficients. I have bounded the coefficients between some $f_{min}$ and $f_{max}$. From what I can see experimentally, it appears that ...
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Text on old-fashioned differential geometry
I am seeking good books on the geometry of surfaces in Euclidean space, which would in particular discuss Darboux frames. Please explain for each suggestion why you like this book (classics are ...
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