Questions tagged [continued-fractions]
The continued-fractions tag has no usage guidance.
66
questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
18
votes
0
answers
697
views
Are these continued fractions of integrals known?
Simplified repost of Are these continued fractions of integrals known? on MSE
EDIT: The period of the oscillations of $$f(s)=\dfrac1{1+\dfrac s{1+\dfrac{s^2/2!}{1+\dfrac{s^3/3!}{1+\cdots}}}}$$ ...
17
votes
0
answers
702
views
Picture of Lambert's proof that $\pi$ is irrational?
With a suitably generous notion of "picture proof" or "proof without words" or "geometric proof," there do exist such proofs of the irrationality of square roots and even ...
14
votes
0
answers
344
views
Quasiperiodic continued fractions
Is anything known about continued fractions in which the sequence of integers is quasiperiodic?
Quasiperiodic is meant here in the sense of 1D quasicrystals. For example, draw an irrationally-sloped ...
11
votes
0
answers
398
views
Relation between a continued fraction and partitions
I am interested in the continued fraction
$$\sum\limits_k {{z^{{2^k} - 1}}} = \frac{1}{{1 - \frac{{{T_0}z}}{{1 - \frac{{{T_1}z}}{{1 - \frac{{{T_2}z}}{{1 -{ \ddots }}}}}}}}}.$$
OEIS A104977 states ...
10
votes
1
answer
267
views
Bibliography request: Entropy for continued fractions
Given a strictly positive real number $x$ we set $e(x)=\log(1+x)$ if $x$ is an integer and
$$e(x)=\log(1+x)+\frac{1+\lbrace x\rbrace}{1+x}\left(e(1/\lbrace x\rbrace)-\log(1+\lbrace x\rbrace)\right)$$
...
9
votes
0
answers
279
views
when is the Brun continued fraction periodic?
I was hoping to figure this one out on my own. There's this nice paper by Avila on various "subtractive" Euclidean algorithms. Here is one he attributes to Viggo Brun:
$$ (x,y,z) \mapsto \text{sort}...
8
votes
0
answers
465
views
Why does the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction $R(q)$ appear in Emma Lehmer's quintic?
Define the Ramanujan theta function $f(a,b)$ as,
$$f(a,b) = \sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty} a^{n(n+1)/2}\,b^{n(n-1)/2}$$
and the Dedekind eta function,
$$\eta(\tau) = q^{1/24}\prod_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(1-...
7
votes
0
answers
242
views
Simple/Elementary derivation of Ramanujan's continued fraction for Hurwitz $\zeta(3,x+1)$
I came across this MSE post discussing a certain continued fraction for $\zeta(3)$ (more specifically, the Hurwitz zeta function $\zeta(s,z)$ at $s=3$) due to Ramanujan. I asked the original poster ...
7
votes
0
answers
417
views
On H. Cohen's four continued fractions for $\zeta(3), \zeta(5), \zeta(7)$?
After 6 years from this old MO post, I finally find in the literature polynomials of deg-$5$ for the continued fraction of $\zeta(5)$.
I. Recurrences involving $\zeta(5)$
In Cohen's 2022 paper, ...
7
votes
0
answers
254
views
Can you identify this irrational number?
There is a certain number, say $v$. I can prove it is irrational. That would be more interesting if it is expressible in terms of known values ... zeta functions, Catalan's number, L-functions, etc. ...
7
votes
0
answers
273
views
Possible Birkhoff spectra for irrational rotations
Let $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ be the unit circle (think of it as of the interval $[0,1)$ with endpoints identified). Assume that $\alpha$ is irrational and consider the rotation by $\alpha$, ...
7
votes
0
answers
166
views
The Heine $q$-continued fraction
Let $q=e^{2\pi i \tau}$. The Heine continued fraction is $$H_2(\tau)=\frac1{q^{1/24}}\frac{\eta(2\tau)}{\eta(\tau)} =1+\cfrac{q}{1-q+\cfrac{q^3-q^2}{1+\cfrac{q^5-q^3}{1+\cfrac{q^7-q^4}{1+\ddots}}}}$$
...
7
votes
0
answers
138
views
A conjectured q-continued fraction related to the Göllnitz-Gordon partition identities
Given $q=e^{2i\pi\tau}$ with $|q|\lt1$, define
the well-known Göllnitz-Gordon identities
$$A(q)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{q^{n(n+1)}(-q;q^2)_n}{(q^2;q^2)_n}=\prod_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{(1-q^{8n-3})(1-...
6
votes
0
answers
99
views
Complexity of continued fraction arithmetic operations
Let $A = [a_0; a_1, \dots]$ and $B = [b_0; b_1, \dots]$ be continued fractions.
Let's say that we want to compute $A+B$ or $A \cdot B$ while staying in the continued fraction representation. So, for ...
6
votes
0
answers
233
views
Continued fractions and class groups
Let $d$ be a positive integer. It is well-known (due to Lagrange) that the continued fraction of $\sqrt{d}$ is eventually periodic. Moreover, it is known that the equation
$$\displaystyle x^2 - dy^2 = ...
6
votes
0
answers
503
views
Theory of Irrational Tangles?
According to one possible definition, an $n$-tangle $T$ is a subset $T \subseteq \Bbb{R}^2\times [0,1] =: X$ that is homeomorphic to a disjoint union $[0,1] \times n := [0,1] \amalg \ldots \amalg [0,1]...
6
votes
0
answers
406
views
Birth-Death Process associated with Orthogonal Polynomials
I have read in various places the following objects are related:
orthogonal polynomials
birth-death processes
Lattice paths
continued fractions
After a lot of searching online, I found sketches ...
6
votes
0
answers
1k
views
Lower bounds for period length of continued fraction of square root
EDIT: Dror answered this to my complete satisfaction. The simple continued fraction for $$ \sqrt{n^2 + 1}$$ has length exactly the same, no dependence on $n$!!!!! No lower bound of the type I wanted ...
5
votes
0
answers
202
views
Very slow continued fraction convergence
Let $a(0)+b(0)/(a(1)+b(1)/(a(2)+b(2)/(a(3)+\dots)))$ be a continued fraction, and $p(n)/q(n)$ its $n$-th convergent. If it converges (i.e., $p(n)/q(n)$ tends to some limit
$S$ as $n\to\infty$), then $...
5
votes
0
answers
107
views
"middle" partial denominator in continued fraction expansion of square roots
Suppose $d$ is a positive integer that is not a perfect square such that the negative Pell equation, $x^{2}-dy^{2}=-1$ has no solution. Then we know the minimal period of the continued fraction ...
5
votes
0
answers
322
views
Transcendental Continued Fractions
Liouville famously showed the existence of a transcendental number by considering $\alpha =\sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty10^{-n!}$ and showing that it did not satisfy 'Liouville's criterion' $|\alpha-p/q|\...
5
votes
0
answers
130
views
On existence of rapid Arithmetic geometric procedure?
We know that $\pi$ can be computed by Arithmetic Geometric mean using Gauss-Legendre procedure which does provide fastest convergence rate as well with a guarantee of $2^n$ bits of $\pi$ at $n$th ...
4
votes
0
answers
156
views
Simple continued fraction of Freiman's constant
The quadratic irrational $\frac{2221564096+283748\sqrt{462}}{491993569}$ is known as Freiman's constant and arises in the theory of continued fractions. I'm curious as to its simple continued ...
4
votes
0
answers
300
views
Is the set of approximating sequences for irrationals dominating?
Let $r\in [0,1]\setminus\mathbb{Q}$, let $\mathbb{N}$ denote the set of non-negative integers and let $\mathbb{N}_+=\mathbb{N}\setminus\{0\}$. For $n\in\mathbb{N}_+$ let $$\alpha_r(n)=\min\{|r-\frac{...
4
votes
0
answers
252
views
Why is Haven's discovery important?
Today my attention was caught by one of those little stories that appear when you open a certain browser: an inmate achieved a number theoretic breakthrough
It is about continued fractions and I would ...
4
votes
0
answers
292
views
Expressions of $tanh$ type whose continued fractions have two shifts per period
This is a follow-up of another thread about quasi periodic continued fractions, a.k.a. Hurwitz fractions, with some linear shifts. I seem to have found the pattern of a subclass of them, as given ...
4
votes
0
answers
339
views
A question on M. Mignotte's Paper: "Petho's Cubics"
I have been reading the paper "Petho's Cubics" by M. Mignotte (appeared in Publ. Math. Debrecen, 56/3-4 (2000)) unfortunately I don't understand section 4 of the paper. I am hoping someone could help ...
3
votes
0
answers
93
views
Infinite families of continued fractions for the Catalan constant
The recent answer to an old question of mine made me aware of The Ramanujan Machine. So it seems like so far, the number of continued fraction representations for $\zeta(3)$ of this polynomial kind is ...
3
votes
0
answers
162
views
Reconstructing elements of $\mathbb Q$ in $\mathbb Z_p$
Can a rational number $a/b$ (with $b$ coprime to a prime number $p$) be recovered efficiently from a $p$-adic expansion of the form
$$\frac{a}{b}=\sum_{j=0}^\infty x_jp^j,\ x_j\in\{0,\ldots,p-1\}\ ?$$
...
3
votes
1
answer
247
views
What is the sequence of badly approximable numbers to omit in Hurwitz' second Theorem for Diophantine Approximation to obtain better constants?
The well known result of Hurwitz on Diophantine approximation says that for any irrational $\alpha$ there are infinitely many integer numbers $p$ and $q$ such that
$$
|\alpha -\frac{p}{q}|<\frac{1}{...
3
votes
0
answers
501
views
Fundamental Units in $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{d}]$ with $d \equiv 1 \mod 4$
It is well known and often cited how the fundamental units for the number ring of $\mathbb{Q}[\sqrt{d}]$ look like. In the case of $d\equiv 2,3 \mod 4$ the number ring is $\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{d}]$ and in ...
3
votes
0
answers
228
views
Asymptotic expansions for the continued fraction $[1,x,x^2,x^3,\cdots]$
The $n$-th convergent is defined as
$$R_n(x) = \frac{P_n(x)}{Q_n(x)}=[1;x,x^2,\cdots,x^n]=1+\frac{1}{x+}\frac{1}{x^2+}\frac{1}{x^3+\cdots}\frac{1}{x^n}$$
where $P_n(x), Q(x)$ are polynomials ...
3
votes
0
answers
152
views
Why does division parallelize but not continued fractions and is there an analog of multiplication to continued fractions?
All the basic arithmetic operations $\times,+,/,-$ can be parallelized. However continued fraction representation of a rational number is not parallelized. The process of Euclid's algorithm looks ...
3
votes
0
answers
244
views
Continued fractions and modular forms
Let $q=e^{2\pi it}$. If $u(t)$ is Ramanujan's octic continued fraction, is it true that the generator of the octahedral group can be expressed as a continued fraction of the form
$$
(u(2t))^2=\frac{2q^...
3
votes
0
answers
128
views
Binary Quadratic Forms with coefficients in $F_q[T]$
I aim to study the binary forms $ax^2 + bxy + cy^2 = (a,b,c)$ where $a,b,c \in {F_q}[T]$ (charasteristic of $F_q$ not 2) in particular those such that the discriminant $D = b^2 - 4ac \in F_q[T]$ has ...
3
votes
0
answers
510
views
quasi periodic continued fractions and powers of e, tanh, tan
It is well known that some transcendental numbers like e.g. rational multiples of $e^{2/n}$ with $n\in\mathbb N $, when written as regular continued fractions (R.C.F.), yield what can be called a ...
3
votes
0
answers
269
views
Cassels' algorithm vs. “divided cells” algorithm
Cassels' algorithm mentioned in link text looks similar to Delone's “divided cells” algorithm. Are there any differences in these algorithms?
3
votes
1
answer
332
views
Proof of continued fraction identity of subfactorial
This question is part of a wider conjecture I have formed with someone which has its roots in Raayoni et al. (2019). The subfactorial function can be written as $$!n=\frac{n!}e+\frac{(-1)^n}{n+2-\...
2
votes
0
answers
61
views
Elementary recursion for the A258173
Let $a(n)$ be A258173 i.e. sum over all Dyck paths of semilength $n$ of products over all peaks $p$ of $y_p$, where $y_p$ is the $y$-coordinate of peak $p$.
A Dyck path of semilength $n$ is a $(x,y)$-...
2
votes
0
answers
72
views
Is the continued fraction of a constructible number special in some way?
Rationals have finite CF and quadratic have periodic CF. CF in turn can be represented in terms of the modular group SL2(Z), e.g. using the standard generators S(z)=-1/z and T(z)=z+1. On the other ...
2
votes
0
answers
148
views
Finding similar Zudilin-Cohen recurrence relations and cfracs for $\frac{\zeta(4)}{13}$?
I. Two recurrence relations
The first one was also discussed in this MO post. We have the similar,
\begin{align}
(n+1)^5 u_{n+1} &= (2n + 1)(9n^2 + 9n + 3)(15n^2 + 15n + 4)u_n +3n^3(9n^2-1)u_{n-1}\...
2
votes
0
answers
84
views
Curious sequences associated to continuous fractions
Given a strictly positive initial rational number $x_0$ in $\mathbb Q_>$
we define a sequence $x_0,x_1,\ldots$ recursively by
setting $x_{n+1}=x_n+1/S(x_n)$
for $S(x)=a_0+a_1+\ldots+a_k$
where $[...
2
votes
0
answers
71
views
Is there a finite set of polynomials generating all rational numbers by iteration?
In this previous post I asked for the smallest set of continuous real functions that could generate $\mathbb{Q}$ by iteration starting from 0. Surprisingly one continuous function suffices.
The ...
2
votes
1
answer
290
views
(Exponential) Mixing property for Gauss map - going from cylinders to intervals
I'm trying to understand the proof of a mixing property of the Gauss map from the paper - 'Some metrical theorems in number theory' and I'm getting confused by the logic in a step.
The Gauss map $T$, ...
2
votes
0
answers
150
views
Has anybody studied continued fractions in function spaces?
For the text below, define $f^\infty(x) = \lim_{n\to\infty} f^n(x)$ where $f^n = \underbrace{f \circ \ldots \circ f}_{n}$.
Usually 'continued fraction' means continued fraction in $\mathbb{R}$. For ...
2
votes
0
answers
276
views
Identity with Ramanujan's generalized continued fraction
Let $F(x,q)=\sum_{n\geq 0}x^n\dfrac{q^{n^2}}{(q)_n}$, where $(q)_n=(1-q)(1-q^2)\dots(1-q^n)$. Then:
$$H(x,q)=\frac{F(-xq,q)}{F(-x,q)}=\dfrac{1}{1-\dfrac{qx}{1-\dfrac{q^2x}{1-\dots}}}$$ is the ...
2
votes
0
answers
108
views
Name of a difference of continuants
I am getting ready to publish the manuscript
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1408.4631v2.pdf
and I am trying to do due diligence on a quantity I study before it gets published. (This is cross-posted from Name/...
2
votes
0
answers
729
views
Applications of the length of the continued fraction
The fractions $n/q$ and $n/(n-q)$ can be representated by Hirzebruch continued fractions (also called Jung-Hirzebruch CF), the length of each we denote by $s$ and $t$. Is there any bound for $s+t$?
1
vote
0
answers
200
views
Proving that quotient of orthogonal polynomials is a Padé approximant of Stieltjes transform
This question is reposted from Math Stack Exchange (you can see the original post here). The motivation for reposting is that I feel like the question isn't getting much attention in MSE - if there is ...
1
vote
0
answers
83
views
Quasiperiodic sequence, finite differences, recursion
Consider a sequence $\{an\}$ consisting of fractional parts of the numbers $an$ for natural numbers $n$ where $a$ is an irrational number. Its $n$th value is in the interval $(x;y)$ for numbers $n = ...