Questions tagged [bernoulli-numbers]

The Bernoulli numbers are the rational numbers $B_n$ defined as the coefficients in the expansion $\frac{x}{e^x-1} = \sum_{n \geq 0} B_n \frac{x^n}{n!}$. They vanish when $n$ is odd and greater than $2$. They appear in the values at integers of the Riemann $\zeta$ function. These classical numbers play an important role in number theory and in several other places in mathematics.

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Where to find or how to prove that the ratio of two Bernoulli polynomials is increasing?

It is well known that the classical Bernoulli polynomials $B_j(t)$ are generated by \begin{equation*} \frac{s\operatorname{e}^{ts}}{\operatorname{e}^s-1}=\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}B_j(t)\frac{s^j}{j!}, \quad ...
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Identities for Bernoulli numbers

I arrived at this formula by inductive reasoning, but I don’t know how to prove it. For any natural numbers $m$ and $k=0,1,2,\ldots, m-1$, $B_i$ - Bernoulli numbers we have: $$\sum_{i=0}^k (-1)^{k-i}\...
juna's user avatar
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Kummer's congruence at $p=3$

Let $B_{2k}$ be the Bernoulli numbers of even index and $\varphi(n)$ be Euler's totient function. We recall one instance of Kummer's congruences: for each integer $m\geq1$ and a prime number $p\geq5$, ...
T. Amdeberhan's user avatar
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Combinatorial interpretation of Sylvester–Lipschitz formula?

If we denote the Bernoulli numbers by $B_n$, then $$ {a^{k+1}(a^{2k} - 1) B_{2k} \over 2k}\in \mathbb{Z}$$ for any $a\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $k\in\mathbb{N}$. This fact is often called the Sylvester–...
Timothy Chow's user avatar
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Is there a prime factor that in the numerator of Bernoulli number $B_{2n}$ strictly greater than $2n$ for any $n>7$?

As well known, Bernoulli number $B_{2n}$ is a rational number which can always be shown as $B_{2n}=V_{2n}/A_{2n}$ , where $\gcd(V_{2n}, A_{2n})=1$. For example, $B_{16}=\frac{3617}{-510}$ and $3617$ ...
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$p$-divisibility of consecutive Bernoulli numbers

I have asked the same question in MathStackExchange. (Link) Let $B_n$ be $n$-th Bernoulli number. We will write $p \mid B_n$ if prime $p$ divides the numerator of $B_n$. Now $p = 587$, we can show $p \...
Offlaw's user avatar
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Zeta function associated with a function $f$

Let the function $f(t) = \cos(at)$, where ($0 < a < 1$). Let us define $$\zeta(z, f) = \frac{1}{\Gamma(z)} \int_0^{+\infty} \frac{t^{z-1}\cos(at)}{e^t-1}\, dt. $$ Is there a general formula that ...
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A combinatorial triangle for the Bernoulli numbers

Motivation: We informally call an infinite lower triangular matrix $\operatorname{T}(n, k)$ of integers a combinatorial triangle of a sequence of integers or rational numbers if it can be obtained ...
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Anti-concentration for Bernoulli summation

Suppose $\{ Y_i\}_{i = 1}^n$ is i.i.d. Bernoulli distribution with mean $p$. Denote the sample of $\{ Y_i\}_{i = 1}^n$ as $\overline{Y} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i = 1}^n Y_i$. I want to know where there ...
香结丁's user avatar
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Ask for a proof of an inequality involving the Bernoulli numbers

Let $B_k$ be the Bernoulli numbers and let \begin{equation} T_k=\frac{2^{2k}}{(2k)!}|B_{2k}|, \quad k\ge1. \end{equation} Prove the inequality \begin{equation*} \frac{\frac{1}{k+2}\sum_{j=0}^{k+1}\...
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Hankel determinants for some convolutions of Catalan numbers

Let $c(x)=\frac{1-\sqrt{1-4x}}{2x}$ be the generating function of the Catalan numbers and let $$x^k c(x)^{2k}=(c(x)-1)^k =\sum_{n\geq0}c(k,n)x^n.$$ Consider the determinants $$D(k,n,m)= \det\left(c(k,...
Johann Cigler's user avatar
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A non-$p$-adic proof of a congruence of Bernoulli numbers

In A Multimodular Algorithm for Computing Bernoulli Numbers, Harvey uses the following congruence for Bernoulli numbers: $$B_k \equiv \frac{k}{1-c^k} \sum_{x=1}^{p-1} x^{k-1} h_c(x)\quad(\text{mod}\ p)...
Manuel Eberl's user avatar
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A question about generalized harmonic numbers modulo $p$

Let $p \equiv 1 \pmod{3}$ be a prime and denote $H_{n,m} = \sum_{k = 1}^n 1/k^m$ as the $n,m$-th generalized harmonic number. I'm interested in computing $H_{(p-1)/3,\, 2}$ and $H_{(p-1)/6,\,2}$ ...
matt stokes's user avatar
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2 answers
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Ask for a proof of an identity involving the product of two Bernoulli numbers

It is well known that the Bernoulli numbers $B_{k}$ for $k\in\{0,1,2,\dotsc\}$ can be generated by \begin{equation*} \frac{z}{\textrm{e}^z-1}=\sum_{k=0}^\infty B_k\frac{z^k}{k!}=1-\frac{z}2+\sum_{k=1}^...
qifeng618's user avatar
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Ask for a reference or a proof of an identity involving a finite sum and the Bernoulli numbers

Let $B_{n}$ for $n\ge0$ denote the Bernoulli number generated by \begin{equation*} \frac{z}{\textrm{e}^z-1}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty B_n\frac{z^n}{n!}=1-\frac{z}2+\sum_{n=1}^\infty B_{2n}\frac{z^{2n}}{(2n)!},...
qifeng618's user avatar
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Interpreting umbral calculus in terms of some kind of extended numbers

I know that currently umbral calculus is developed as some kind of theory of operators and functionals but were there any attempts to put it on a more solid philosophical grounds as study of functions ...
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Question about infinitude of $m$-irregular primes

Let $p>2$ be a prime, $\zeta$ a primitive $p$th root of unity, and $m >0$ a square-free integer such that $m \not\equiv 3 \mod 4$ and $\gcd(m,p)=1$. Let $\chi$ be the imaginary quadratic ...
matt stokes's user avatar
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Analogue of Fermat's little theorem for Bernoulli numbers

Is the following analogue of Fermat's Little Theorem for Bernoulli numbers true? Let $D_{2n}$ be the denominator of $\frac{B_{2n}}{4n}$ where $B_n$ is the $n$-th Bernoulli number. If $\gcd(a, D_{2n}) ...
Nilotpal Kanti Sinha's user avatar
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Simplifying a rational function in terms of Bernoulli numbers and polynomials

Faulhaber's formula expresses a sum over some finite number of naturals to the $m^{th}$ power in terms of the Bernoulli numbers $B_{j}$ (using the $B_{1} = 1/2$ convention) or polynomials $\hat{B}_{j}$...
Matthew Cassell's user avatar
6 votes
1 answer
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An operation is defined on polynomials. How do I generalize it to other classes of functions?

I am currently researching divergent integrals. Definition. An extended number is an expression of the form $\int_a^b f(x)\,dx$, where $a,b\in \overline{\mathbb{R}}$ and function $f(x)$ is defined ...
Anixx's user avatar
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A novel identity connecting permanents to Bernoulli numbers

For a matrix $[a_{j,k}]_{1\le j,k\le n}$ over a field, its permanent is defined by $$\mathrm{per}[a_{j,k}]_{1\le j,k\le n}:=\sum_{\pi\in S_n}\prod_{j=1}^n a_{j,\pi(j)}.$$ In a recent preprint of mine, ...
Zhi-Wei Sun's user avatar
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Asymptotically similar functions with opposite parity, were they considered, are they useful? Case of polynomials

So, can we transform an even function into an odd function and vice versa? Let's consider this method: Transformation even->odd: Suppose $f_{even}(x)$ is a function which satisfies the following ...
Anixx's user avatar
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Prove $ \sum_{i=0}^{2a+1} {2a+1 \choose i} B_{2a+1-i} [ (n+1)^i+(-n)^i ] =0 $ for Bernoulli numbers $B_{n}$

Prove for the Bernoulli numbers $B_n$, that for all $a \in \mathbb{N}$, that $ \sum_{i=0}^{2a+1} {2a+1 \choose i} B_{2a+1-i} [ (n+1)^i+(-n)^i ] =0 $. As much as this is a neat identity, it's a crucial ...
Benjamin L. Warren's user avatar
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Conjecture on bernoulli numbers and binomial coefficients

Crossposted from https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4116414/conjecture-on-bernoulli-numbers-and-binomial-coefficients In playing around with some formulas, I have come up with the following ...
Fox Mulder's user avatar
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Nicely motivated papers or book chapters on the formula for the sum of the $k$-th powers of the first natural numbers [closed]

Do you know of a text where I can find a nicely motivated proof of the formula for $1^{k}+2^{k}+\cdots+n^{k}$? At the very beginning of page 68 of Professor H. S. Wilf's generatingfunctionology, one ...
Jamai-Con's user avatar
18 votes
0 answers
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Bernoulli & Betti numbers (of manifolds) and the prime 34511

The purpose of this question is to resolve a mystery surrounding the prime 34511 that has got me bogged down for a while now. If you only care about the number theory and not the motivation coming ...
Jens Reinhold's user avatar
10 votes
2 answers
359 views

Do Bernoulli polynomials know about face vectors?

This question is grounded firmly in numerology. It originates in an observation about some Bernoulli polynomials and the regular icosahedron. Let $F_{k+1}(n)=\sum_{i=1}^n i^k$ be the sum of the ...
David Richter's user avatar
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Combinatorial interpretation for Möbius-poly-Bernoulli numbers

The Möbius-Bernoulli numbers ,are related to Dedekind Sums $$\sum_{d|n}\frac{t\mu(d)}{e^{td}-1}=\sum_{k=0}^\infty M_k(n)\frac{t^k}{k!}$$ where $|t|<\frac{2\pi}{n}$, and $M_k(1)=B_k$. We define the ...
user avatar
1 vote
1 answer
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Claim on divisibility of a power sum

Let $x,y,z$ are integer and $x,y>0$ Define $S(x,y)=1^y+2^y+3^y+...+x^y$ Can it be shown that If given $z\ne0$ then $S(x,y)\equiv z\pmod{x}$ have finitely many solution of $x$ with respect to $y$. ...
Pruthviraj's user avatar
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Analogues over finite fields of certain integers defined multiplicatively in $\mathbb Z$

For any irreducible polynomial $f$ of degree $d$ in finite field $\mathbb F$ we have that $$x^{|\mathbb F|^d}-x\equiv0\bmod f$$ and thus the polynomial $x^{|\mathbb F|^d}-x$ is the analog of factorial ...
VS.'s user avatar
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2 votes
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show that sequence $\{(-1)^n\Upsilon_n\}$ is convergent and strictly decreasing

Edit: Few years ago, I have posted my claim on $\Upsilon$ function regarding prime number but recently I have observed, last observation turns false that's way, (by putting $\Upsilon$ value in ...
Pruthviraj's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
208 views

Bilinear recurrence relation between even Bernoulli numbers

Throughout this question $n$ is a positive integer greater than 1. Consider the following well-known identity by Euler, $$\sum_{k=1}^{n-1} \binom{2n}{2k}B_{2k}B_{2n-2k}=-(2n+1)B_{2n}.$$ Rather ...
bryanjaeho's user avatar
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A question on Bernoulli polynomials

Denote by $B_r$ the $r$-th Bernoulli polynomial. Are there any positive integers $r, x$ such that. $B_r(x)$ divides $B_r(x+1)$ or vice versa ?
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Coefficients of shifted Bernoulli polynomials

I stumbled across the following curious empirical properties of the Bernoulli polynomials $B_n(x)$. Can anyone provide a reference or proof? Let $k\in\mathbb{Z}$, $k\geq 2$. Then (empirically): The ...
Richard Stanley's user avatar
7 votes
1 answer
183 views

2-adic valuation of $L(0,\chi)$ for a Dirichlet character

Let $\chi : (\mathbb Z/f\mathbb Z)^\times \to K = \mathbb Q(\mu_{\phi(f)})$ be a primitive Dirichlet character. Assume moreover that it is not quadratic, that is, $\chi^2$ is not the trivial character....
Asvin's user avatar
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16 votes
1 answer
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What is this sequence?

This is again a question that I asked at Stack Exchange, but got no answer so far, so I am trying here. Let: $$ a_n=\sum_{k\ge0}(k+1) {n+2\brack k+2}(n+2)^kB_k$$ $B_k$ is the Bernoulli number. ${n\...
René Gy's user avatar
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18 votes
5 answers
3k views

Bernoulli sum meets golden number

Let $B_n$ denote the Bernoulli numbers and let $\phi=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}2$ be the golden ratio. I encountered the following infinite sum and would like to ask: Question. Is this true? If so, any ...
T. Amdeberhan's user avatar
22 votes
3 answers
1k views

Roots of Bernoulli polynomials - a pattern

Contemplating a question on math.SE, I have stumbled on this: Here, the point labeled $n$ is that root of the $n$th Bernoulli polynomial which has smallest positive imaginary part. Does anyone know ...
მამუკა ჯიბლაძე's user avatar
7 votes
3 answers
646 views

Transformation converting power series to Bernoulli polynomial series

I wonder, can anyone describe an expression or formula of a transform that converts $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{a_k x^k}{k!}$$ into $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{a_k B_k(x)}{k!}$$ where $B_k(x)$ are ...
Anixx's user avatar
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6 votes
2 answers
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Any reference for the series expansion of $\Bigr[-\log(1-t)\Bigr]^x$?

Any reference that we can find the following $$\Bigr[-\log(1-t)\Bigr]^x = t^x + x t^x \sum_{k=0}^\infty \psi_k(x+k)\,t^{k+1}; \quad \mbox{for all} \, x\in \mathbb R, \, |t|<1$$ where $\psi_k(.)$ ...
Z. Alfata's user avatar
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0 answers
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Values of Bernoulli polynomials at roots of unity

I am wondering if there are any nice results on the values of Bernoulli polynomials at roots of unity, besides those at 1 or -1.
Staideal's user avatar
16 votes
1 answer
675 views

Connection between Bernoulli numbers and Riemann-Siegel theta function?

I have come across a strange approximation for the Riemann-Siegel theta function involving the Bernoulli numbers - namely that $$\frac{1}{2} \log \left| B_{2 n}\right|\approx \vartheta (2n)\ ,\quad n ...
martin's user avatar
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6 votes
0 answers
122 views

divisibility by Bernoulli numbers of discriminant of Hecke algebra over the space of modular forms of level 1

For the space of modular forms and the space of cusp forms (here I only care about the level $1$ case), we have the action by Hecke algebras. Therefore, we can calculate the discriminant of this ...
Ding's user avatar
  • 61
4 votes
1 answer
236 views

Estimate of the sum Taylor's coefficients

Let $f(x) = \begin{cases}\ln\frac{x}{e^x-1}, \quad x > 0; \\ 0, \quad\qquad x=0; \\ \ln\frac{x}{e^x-1}, \quad x < 0. \end{cases}$ Power series in 0: $f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n x^n = -\frac{...
Gleb Fedorov's user avatar
0 votes
1 answer
304 views

Probability of the maximum of a throw of an infinite number of $n$-sided dice being $k$ [closed]

Let $X$ be the random variable obtained as the maximum of a throw of $m$ dice (each of which is $n$-sided). In other words, $X = \max\{l_1,\cdots, l_m\}$ where $l_i$ can take any value between $1$ and ...
Andrew Stout's user avatar
11 votes
3 answers
955 views

Why do $12$ and $120$ occur very often in the denominators of $\zeta(-n)$ for odd $n$?

$\zeta(-n) = - \dfrac{B_{n+1}}{n+1}$ $\zeta(-2n) = 0$ $\zeta(-1) = - \dfrac{1}{12}$ $\zeta(-3) = \dfrac{1}{120}$ $\zeta(-5) = - \dfrac{1}{252}$ $\zeta(-7) = \dfrac{1}{240}$ $\zeta(-9) = - \dfrac{...
user50746's user avatar
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5 votes
1 answer
264 views

How naturally can functions defined by parametric integrals be interpolated from $\mathbb N$ to $\mathbb R^+$?

It is well known that several definite integrals $I_n$ containing a parameter $n\in\mathbb N$ can be expressed recursively (e.g. doing integration by parts) in terms of $I_{n-1} $ or $I_{n-2} $, and ...
Wolfgang's user avatar
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14 votes
1 answer
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For a given even integer $k >14$ is there always a prime $p$ such that $k \leq p-3$ and $p|B_k$?

Let $k$ be a sufficiently large positive even integer. (I think $k > 14$ should do.) Can one always find a prime $p$ such that $p$ divides the numerator of the $k$-th Bernoulli number $B_k$ and $k \...
unramified's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
2k views

What is $p$-adic Fourier series?

Q1: Can we define Fourier series for a function $\mathbb{Z}_p\to \mathbb{Q}_p$? Q2: There are (in a real case) Bernoulli polynomials which have the most simple Fourier expansion: $$B_n(\{x\})=-\frac{...
Alexey Ustinov's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
377 views

zeta(3) in Euler's Section 153

Jeffery Lagarias, in his recent article Euler's constant: Euler's work and modern developments in the AMS Bulletin, mentions that Euler obtained $\zeta(3)={{2\pi^3 b(3/2)}\over 3}$ for some "Bernoulli ...
Sang G. Hahn's user avatar