# A Sobolev-type inequality with weights

In the study of a particular PDE I found myself wanting to prove the following inequality:

$( \int_0^{\infty} r^{-3} |f|^6 \; dr )^{1/6} \leq C ( \int_0^{\infty} [ r^{-1} |f|^2 + r |f'|^2 + r |f''|^2] \; dr )^{1/2}$

for some constant $C > 0$ and all $f \in C^{\infty}_c((0,\infty);(-\infty,\infty))$.

Partial progress:

1. If $\mathop{supp} f \in [r_0, \infty)$, for some $r_0 > 0$ then $( \int_0^{\infty} r^{-3} |f|^6 \; dr )^{1/6} \leq C(r_0) ( \int_0^{\infty} [ r^{-1} |f|^2 + r |f'|^2 ] \; dr )^{1/2}$. However, $C(r_0) \rightarrow \infty$ as $r_0 \searrow 0$ as can be seen by basic scaling. This lead me to try to decompose $f$ into two parts, for concreteness, one supported on say $[1/2,\infty)$ and the other supported in $(0,2]$. However, this didn't lead me anywhere.

2. I employed a heuristic analysis as in http://terrytao.wordpress.com/2010/03/11/a-type-diagram-for-function-spaces/ . Of course, one has to also track the position of the bump function since the norms are not translation invariant. The inequality was satisfied under this heuristic but I didn't know how to make it rigourous.

3. Tried the change of variables $p = \log r$ to no avail.

I don't have any reason, except for the above, to believe that the inequality is true so perhaps someone can come up with a counterexample?

Any help would be much appreciated, thanks in advance.

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To complete your computation, let's treat the case of a function supported in interval $(0,1)$. Indeed, for $f\in C^\infty_c(0,1)$ there is an inequality $$\int_0^1 r^{-3}f(r)^6 dr\le C\left(\int_0^1 rf''(r)^2dr \right)^3\, .$$
For any $f\in C^\infty _ c(\mathbb{R} _ + )$, the Hardy inequality with exponent $3$, applied to the function $f(r)^2$, gives $$\int_0^\infty r^{-3}f(r)^6 dr=\int_0^\infty\left( \frac{f(r)^2}{r}\right)^3 dr\le 3^3\int_0^{\infty }f(r)^3f'(r)^3 dr\, .$$ By the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality $$\left( \int_0^{\infty }f(r)^3f'(r)^3 dr \right)^2\le \left( \int_0^{\infty }r^{-3}f(r)^6 dr \right) \left( \int_0^{\infty }r^3f'(r)^6 dr \right)$$ so that $$\int_0^\infty r^{-3}f(r)^6 dr\le 3^6\int_0^{\infty }r^3f'(r)^6 dr \, .\qquad\qquad(1)$$ Now assume $\operatorname{supp}(f)\subset(0,1)$, and let $u\in C^{\infty}(\mathbb{R} _ +)$ be the composition $u(p):=f'(e^{-p})$. With the change of variable $p:=-\log r$, the latter integral writes $$\int_0^1 r^3f'(r)^6 dr= \int_0^{\infty } e^{-4p}u(p)^6 dp\, .\qquad\qquad (2)$$ Since $u(0)=0$, we have the well-known pointwise bounds on $u$ $$|u(p)|\le \int_0^p|u'(p)| dp\le p^{1/2}\left(\int_0^{\infty}|u'(p)|^2 dp \right)^{1/2}$$ so, by (2), returning to the $r$ variables $$\int_0^1 r^3f'(r)^6 dr\le\left(\int_0^{\infty} p^3 e^{-4p} dp \right) \left(\int_0^{\infty}|u'(p)|^2 dp \right)^3 =\frac{3}{2^7}\left(\int_0^1 rf''(r)^2dr \right)^3\, .$$ The latter, together with inequality (1) proves the claim with $C:=(3/2)^7\, .$