Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety and $\phi: X \to \mathbb P^n$ be a map. If $\phi$ is an embedding then $E=\phi^*(O(1))$ is very ample. But can one say something if $\phi$ is birational (but not isomorphism) to its image? Is it ample?
1 Answer
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Suppose $\phi$ is a morphism (i.e., defined everywhere) which is birational, but not an embedding. Then there are two cases:
- $\phi$ is finite. In this case $\phi^*\mathscr L$ is ample for any ample $\mathscr L$ on the target. An example (pretty much the only one) when this happens is if $\phi$ is the normalization of $\phi(X)$. For instance if $Y$ is any projective singular curve, or for a slightly more interesting example, $Y=Z(xy^2=tz^2)\subset \mathbb P^n$ and $\phi:X\to Y$ is its normalization.
- $\phi$ is not finite. In this case, (since it's projective) $\phi$ must have positive dimensional fibers, so there exists a curve on which $\phi^*\mathscr L$ is trivial and hence cannot be ample.
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$\begingroup$ Thank you very much, Can one say something else about $E$? $\endgroup$– RamiFeb 28, 2012 at 4:15
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3$\begingroup$ For $\phi$ proper and birational onto its image, then $E$ is always big and semi-ample (and in particular, big and nef). $\endgroup$ Feb 28, 2012 at 4:34
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2$\begingroup$ In particular, there is always an effective divisor $D$ on $X$ such that $E - \varepsilon D$ is ample, for all sufficiently small $\varepsilon D$... Typically if $\phi$ is the blow-up of some codimension 2 subvariety, then you can take this $D$ to be the exceptional divisor with appropriate coefficients. $\endgroup$ Feb 28, 2012 at 4:36
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2$\begingroup$ Sorry, that should have read "for all sufficiently small $\varepsilon$". $\endgroup$ Feb 28, 2012 at 4:48
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$\begingroup$ Thank you very much. Where can I read about big, semi-ample and nef line bundles? $\endgroup$– RamiFeb 28, 2012 at 20:50