If $h(z)$ is analytic on the disk centered at 0 of radius r, by the Cauchy Residue formula \[ \int \int_D h(z)\, dx dy = \pi r^2 h(0) \] The disk is the simplest example of a quadrature domain since the integral of a holomorphic function over the domain is determined by the value at a single point.
How about the next simplest cases? What are connected quadrature domains whose integrals only depend on a few points (e.g. 2 or 3)?
\[ \int \int_D h(z)\, dx dy = c_1 h(z_1) + c_2 h(z_2) + c_3 h(z_3) \]
Probably these will all be close to the union of a few circles (with jumps in the coefficients as the radius changes).
It looks exact quadrature domains can be constructed using meromorphic functions on Riemann surfaces and is related to uniformation of surfaces. There are relations to Laplacian growth, Random Matrix Theory & Integrable Hierarchies.
